The Heath Anthologyof American Literature

FIFTH EDITION

Volume BEarly Nineteenth Century: 1800-1865

Paul LauterTrinity CollegeGeneral Editor

Jackson R. BryerUniversity of Maryland

King-Kok Cheung

Richard YarboroughUniversity of California, Los Angeles

Associate General Editor

Charles MolesworthQueens College, City Universityof New York

University of California, Los Angeles Raymund Paredes

Anne Goodwyn JonesUniversity of Missouri

Wendy MartinClaremont Graduate University

Quentin MillerSuffolk University

University of Texas, San Antonio

Ivy T. SchweitzerDartmouth College

Andrew O. WigetNew Mexico State University

Sandra A. ZagarellOberlin College

John AlbertiNorthern Kentucky University

Editor, Instructor's Guide

James Kyung-Jin LeeUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraAssociate Editor

Lois LeveenElectronic Resources Editor

Mary Pat BradyCornell University

Associate Editor

Houghton Mifflin CompanyBoston New York

CONTENTS

xix Preface

EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY,1800-1865 D89

1392 Publishing—Growth and Goals1396 Religion and Common Culture1400 The Debates over Racism and Slavery1405 TheDebate over Women's "Sphere"1410 The Many Cultures of America1412 The Rise of Industry •1415 Individualism and/versus Community .

1420 Nat ive Amer ica

1422 JaneJohnstonSchoolcraft(Ojibwa) (1800-1841)1423 Mishosha, or the Magician and His Daughters1428 The Forsaken Brother

1431 Major George Lowery (Cherokee) (c. 1770-1852)1434 Notable Persons in Cherokee History: Sequoyah or George-Gist

1442 Elias Boudinot (Cherokee) (c. 1802-1839)1445 An Address to the Whites

1452 John Ross (Cherokee) (1790-1866)1453 Letter to Lewis Cass, February 14, 1833 •1457 Letter to Andrew Jackson, March 28,1834

1459 William Apess (Pequot) (1798-?)1460 An Indian's Looking-Glass for the White Man

1465 John Wannuaucon Quinney (Mahican) (1797-1855)1468 Quinney's Speech ' " ' ' " '

1472 Seattle (Duwamish) (1786-1866)1473 Speech of Chief Seattle . ;

1475 George Copway (Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowh; Ojibwa) (1818-1869)1477 from The Life of Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowh . ' v ^ ;• :i

vi • Contents

1490 John Rollin Ridge (Cherokee) (1827-1867)1491 Oppression of Digger Indians1492 The Atlantic Cable1495 The Stolen White Girl1496 A Scene Along the Rio de la Plumas

1499 Spanish America

1501 Tales from the Hispanic Southwest1502 La comadre Sebastiana / Dona Sebastiana1504 Los tres hermanos / The Three Brothers1508 El obispo / The New Bishop1509 El indito de las cien vacas / The Indian and the Hundred Cows

1510 La Llorona, Malinche, and Guadalupe1511 La Llorona, La Malinche, and the Unfaithful Maria1513 The Devil Woman

1514 Lorenzo deZavala (1788-1836)1515 Viage a los Estados-Unidos del Norte America

(Journey to the United States)

1524 Narratives from the Mexican and Early American Southwest

1527 Pio Pico (1801-1894)1527 from Historical Narrative

1531 Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (1808-1890)1531 from Recuerdos historicos y personales tocante a la alta California

1542 Richard Henry Dana, Jr. (1815-1882)1542 from Two Years before the Mast

1545 Alfred Robinson (1806-1895)1545 from Life in California

1549. Josiah Gregg (1806-1850)1549 from Commerce of the Prairies1549 5. New Mexico1551 7. Domestic Animals1551 8. Arts and Crafts1553 9. The People

1556 Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903)1556 from A ]ourney Through Texas1556 San Antonio

1556 The Missions

1557 Town Life

1557 The Mexicans in Texas • • <

Contents • vii

1560 The Cultures of New England

1561 Lydia Howard Huntley Sigourney (1791-1865)1563 The Suttee1565 Death of an Infant1565 The Father1571 The Indian's Welcome to the Pilgrim Fathers1572 Indian Names1574 Niagara1575 To a Shred of Linen1577 The Indian Summer

1578 Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)1582 Nature1609 The American Scholar1621 Self-Reliance1638 The Poet1653 Experience1669 Concord Hymn1669 The Rhodora1670 The Snow-Storm1671 Compensation1672 Hamatreya1674 Merlin1677 Brahma1678 Days1678 Terminus

1679 John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892)1681 The Hunters of Men1683 The Farewell1685 Massachusetts to Virginia1688 At Port Royal

1692 Sarah Margaret Fuller (1810-1850)1695 To [Sophia Ripley?]1697 from Woman in the Nineteenth Century1719 from American Literature: Its Position in the Present Time,

and Prospects for the Future1726 from Things and Thoughts in Europe: Foreign Correspondence

of the Tribune1726 Dispatch 171731 Dispatch 18

1735 Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)1738 Resistance to Civil Government

viii •

1753175317621769177917871803

Contents

from WaldenWhere I Lived, and What I Lived ForHigher LawsSpringConclusion

A Plea for Captain John BrownWalking

1825 Race, Slavery, and the Invention of the "South"

1826 David Walker (1785-1830)1828 from Appeal . . . to the Coloured Citizens of the World

(Third edition, 1829)

1838 William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879)1840 Editorial from the first issue of The Liberator

1842 Lydia Maria Child (1802-1880)1844 From Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans1844 Preface1844 Chapter VIII, Prejudices Against People Of Color,

And Our Duties In Relation To This Subject1846 Letters from New York1846 14 [17], [Homelessness]1850 20 [27], [Birds]1855 [33],[AntiabolitionistMobs]1858 34 [50,51], [Women's Rights]

1862 Angelina Grimke (1805-1879)1863 from Appeal to the Christian Women of the South

1871 Henry Highland Garnet (1815-1882)1873 An Address to the Slaves of the United States of America,

Buffalo, N.Y., 1843

1879 Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)1882 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave1946 What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?

1965 Nancy Gardner Prince (1799-1859?)1966 from A Narrative of the Life and Travels of Mrs. Nancy Prince

1976 Caroline Lee Hentz (1800-1856)1978 from The Planter's Northern Bride

1986 George Fitzhugh (1804-1881)1987 from Southern Thought

Contents • ix

1997 Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911)1999 The Slave Mother2000 The Tennessee Hero2001 Free Labor2003 An Appeal to the American People2004 The Colored People in America2005 Speech: On the Twenty-Fourth Anniversary of the

American Anti-Slavery Society2007 The Two Offers

2014 Thomas WentworA Higginson (1823-1911)2016 from Nat Turner's Insurrection2026 Letter to Mrs. Higginson on Emily Dickinson

2029 Harriet Ann Jacobs (1813-1897) .2031 from Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl2031 Chapter I, Childhood2033 Chapter VI, The Jealous Mistress2037 Chapter X, A Perilous Passage in the Slave Girl's Life2041 Chapter XVI, Scenes at the Plantation2047 Chapter XXI, The Loophole of Retreat2049 Chapter XLL Free at Last .2055 Harriet Jacobs to Ednah Dow Cheney

2056 Mary Boykin Chesnut (1823-1886)2058 from Mary Chesnut's Civil War2058 March 18, 1861 •2059 August 26,18612061 October 13,18612062 October 20,18612063 January 16,18652064 January 17,1865

2065 Wendell Phillips (18i 1-1884)2066 from Toussaint L'Ouverture

2076 Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)2078 Address at the Dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery2079 Second Inaugural Address

2081 Literature and the "Woman Question"

2082 Sarah Moore Grimke (1792-1873)2082 from Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman2082 Letter VIII, The Condition of Women in the United States

x • Contents

2086 Letter XV, Man Equally Guilty with Woman in the Fall

2089 Angelina Grimke (1805-1879)2089 from Letters to Catharine Beecher2089 Letter XI2090 Letter XII, Human Rights Not Founded on Sex

2092 Sojourner Truth (c. 1797-1883)2094 Reminiscences by Frances D. Gage of Sojourner Truth,

for May 28-29, 18512096 Sojourner Truth's Speech at the Akron, Ohio, Women's Rights Meeting2097 Speech at New York City Convention2098 Address to the First Annual Meeting of the American

Equal Rights Association

2100 Fanny Fern (Sara Willis Parton) (1811-1872)2101 Hints to Young Wives2102 from Fern Leaves, 1st Series2102 Thanksgiving Story2103 from Fern Leaves, 2nd Series2103 Soliloquy of a Housemaid2104 Critics2104 Mrs. Adolphus Smith Sporting the "Blue Stocking"2105 A Law More Nice Than Just2107 Independence2107 The Working-Girls of New York

2109 Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902)2111 from Eighty Years and More: Reminiscences2113 Declaration of Sentiments

2116 The Development of Narrative

2120 Cluster; Humor of the Old Southwest

2123 Davy Crockett (1786-1836)2123 from The Crockett Almanacs2123 Sunrise in His Pocket2124 A Pretty Predicament2126 Crockett's Daughters

2127 Mike Fink (1770M823?)2127 from The Crocket Almanacs2127 Mike Fink's Brag

Contents • xi

2127 Mike Fink Trying to Scare Mrs. Crockett2128 Sal Fink, the Mississippi Screamer, How She Cooked Injuns2128 The Death of Mike Fink (Joseph M. Field, recorder)

2132 Augustus Baldwin Longstteet (1790-1870)2132 The Horse Swap

2136 George Washington Harris (1814-1869)2136 Mrs. Yardley's Quilting

2143 Washington Irving (1783-1859)2145 from A History of New York2145 Book I, Chapter 52153 Rip Van Winkle2165 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

2185 James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)2187 from The Pioneers, or the Sources of the Susquehanna; A Descriptive Tale2188 Chapter XXI2195 Chapter XXII2200 Chapter XXIII

2207 Catharine Maria Sedgwick (1789-1867)2209 from Hope Leslie2209 from Volume 1, Chapter 72214 from Volume 2, Chapter 12219 from Volume 2, Chapter 8

2221 Caroline Kirkland (1801-1864)2223 from A New Home—Who'll Follow?2223 Preface2224 Preface to the Fourth Edition2224 Chapter I2228 Chapter XV2231 Chapter XVII2232 Chapter XXVII2240 Chapter XLIII

2242 Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)2245 My Kinsman, Major Molineux2258 Young Goodman Brown2267 The Minister's Black Veil2276 The Birth-mark2287 Rappaccini's Daughter2307 The Scarlet Letter2444 Preface to The House of Seven Gables

xii • Contents

2446 Mrs. Hutchinson2450 from Abraham Lincoln2451 Letters2451 To Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, June 4,1837 ;2453 To Sophia Peabody, April 13,18412455 To H.W. Longfellow, June 5,18492457 To J.T. Fields, January 20,18502458 ToJ.T. Fields, Undated draft2458 To H.W. Longfellow, January 2, 1864

2459 Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)2462 Ligeia2472 The Fall of the House of Usher2486 The Man of the Crow2492 The Tell-Tale Heart2495 The Black Cat2502 The Purloined Letter2515 • The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar2521 The Philosophy of Composition2529 Sonnet—To Science2530 Romance2530 To Helen2531 Israfel2533 The City in the Sea .2534 The Sleeper2536 Bridal Ballad2537 Sonnet—Silence2537 Dream-Land2539 The Raven2542 Ulalume2545 Annabel Lee

2547 Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)2549 from Uncle Tom's Cabin2549 Chapter I, In Which the Reader Is Introduced to a Man of Humanity2556 Chapter VII, The Mother's Struggle2561 Chapter XI, In Which Property Gets into an Improper State of Mind2570 Chapter XIII, The Quaker Settlement2576 Chapter XIV, Evangeline2583 Chapter XL, The Martyr2585 Chapter XLI, The Young Master2589 from Preface to the First Illustrated Edition of Uncle Tom's Cabin2593 from The Minister's Wooing2593 XXIII, Views of Divine Government2601 Sojourner Truth, the Libyan Sibyl

Contents' • xiii

2610 William Wells Brown (1815-1884)2612 from Clotelle; or, The Colored Heroine2612 Chapter II, The Negro Sale2614 Chapter X, The Quadroon's Home2616 Chapter XI, To-Day a Mistress, To-Morrow a Slave2618 Chapter XVIII, A Slave-Hunting Parson

2621 Herman Melville (1819-1891)2625 Bartleby, the Scrivener2651 The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids2651 I, The Paradise of Bachelors2658 II, The Tartarus of Maids2669 Benito Cereno2727 Billy Budd, Sailor2785 Hawthorne and His Mosses2798 from Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War2798 The Portent (1859)2798 A Utilitarian View of the Monitors Fight2799 The Maldive Shark2800 from Timoleon2800 Monody2800 Art

2801 Alice Cary (1820-1871)2803 from Clovernook, or Recollections of our Neighborhood

in the West, First Series2803 Preface2804 from Clovernook, or Recollections of our Neighborhood

in the West, Second Series2804 Uncle Christopher's2819 Conclusion

2822 Elizabeth Stoddard (1823-1902)2823 Lemorne Versus Huell

2836 Rebecca Harding Davis, 1831-1910283 8 Life in the Iron-Mills

2864 T h e Emergence of American Poet ic Voices

2866 Songs and Ballads2868 Songs of the Slaves2868 Lay Dis Body Down2869 Nobody Knows the Trouble I've Had2869 Deep River

xiv • Contents

2870 Roll, Jordan, Roll2870 Michael, Row the Boat Ashore2871 Steal Away to Jesus2871 There's a Meeting Here To-Night2871 Many Thousand Go2872 Go Down, Moses2873 Didn't My Lord Deliver Daniel2874 Songs of White Communities2874 John Brown's Body2875 The Battle Hymn of the Republic (Julia Ward Howe)2876 Pat Works on the Railway2877 Sweet Betsy from Pike2879 Bury Me Not On the Lone Prairie2880 Shenandoah2880 Clementine2881 Acres of Clams2882 Cindy2883 Paper of Pins2885 Come Home, Father (Henry Clay Work)2886 Life Is a Toil

2886 William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)2888 Thanatopsis2890 The Yellow Violet2891 To a Waterfowl2892 To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe2893 To the Fringed Gentian.2893 The Prairies2896 Abraham Lincoln

2897 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)2898 A Psalm of Life2900 The Warning2900 ' The Jewish Cemetery at Newport2902 Aftermath2903 Chaucer2903 The Harvest Moon

2904 Frances Sargent Locke Osgood (1811-1850)2906 Ellen Learning to Walk2907 The Little Hand2908 The Maiden's Mistake2908 Oh! Hasten to My Side2910 A Reply to One Who Said, Write from Your Heart

Contents • xv

2911 Lines (Suggested by the announcement that "A Bill for the.Protection of the Property of Married Women has passedboth Houses" of our State Legislature)

2912 Woman2914 Little Children2915 To a Slandered Poetess2917 The Indian Maid's Reply to the Missionary2918 The Hand That Swept the Sounding Lyre2919 The Wraith of the Rose

2920 Walt Whitman (1819-1892)2923 from Leaves of Grass2923 Preface to the 1855 Edition2937 Song of Myself (1855 version)2982 The Sleepers2990 from Inscriptions2990 One's-SelflSing2990 from Children of Adam2990 To the Garden the World2991 A Woman Waits for Me2992 from Calamus2992 In Paths Untrodden2993 Recorders Ages Hence2993 When I Heard at the Close of the Day2994 Here the Frailest Leaves of Me2994 I Dream'd in a Dream2995 Crossing Brooklyn Ferry3000 from Sea-Drift3000 Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking3005 from By the Roadside3005 Europe, the 72d and 73d Years of These States3007 When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer3007 To a President3007 The Dalliance of the Eagles3008 To the States3008 from Drum-Taps3008 Beat! Beat! Drums!3009 Cavalry Crossing a Ford3009 Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night3011 A March in the Ranks Hard-Prest, and the Road Unknown3012 Year That Trembled and Reel'd Beneath Me3012 Ethiopia Saluting the Colors3012 Reconciliation

xvi •

301330133013302130213021302330233024302430253025302730273028302830293032

3042304630463047304730483048304930493049304930503050305130513052305230533053305430543054305530563056

Contents

As I Lay with My Head in Your Lap Cameradofrom Memories of President Lincoln

When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'dfrom Autumn Rivulets

Sparkles from the WheelPrayer of Columbus

from Whispers of Heavenly DeathQuicksand Years

from From Noon to Starry NightTo a Locomotive in Winter

from Songs of PartingSo Long!

from Sands at Seventy (First Annex) .Yonnondio

from Good-bye My Fancy (Second Annex)Good-bye My Fancy!

Respondez! Poem Deleted from Leaves of Grassfrom Democratic Vistas

Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)Poems

[One Sister have I in our house][I never lost as much but twice][Success is counted sweetest][Her breast is fit for pearls][These are the days when Birds come back—][Come slowly—Eden!][Did the Harebell loose her girdle][I like the look of AgonyJ[Wild Nights—Wild Nights!][I can wade Grief—][There's a certain Slant of light][I felt a Funeral, in my Brain][I'm Nobody! Who are you?][If your Nerve, deny you—][Your Riches—taught me—Poverty][I reason, Earth is short—][The Soul selects her own Society—][The Soul's Superior instants} •[I send Two Sunsets—][It sifts form Leaden Sievers][There came a Day at Summer's full][Some keep the Sabbath going to Church][A Bird came down the Walk—]

Contents • xvii

3057 [I know that He Exists]3057 [After great pain, a formal feeling comes—]3058 [God is a distant—stately Lover—]3058 [Dare you see a Soul at the White Heat? ]3058 [What Soft—Cherubic Creatures--]3059 [Much Madness is divinest Sense—]3059 [This is my letter to the world]:3060 [I tie my Hat—I crease my Shawl—]3060 [I showed her Hights she never saw—]3061 [This was a Poet—It is That—]3061 [I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—] .3062 [This world is not Conclusion]3062 [Her sweet Weight on my Heart a Night]3063 [I started Early—Took my Dog—]3064 [One Crucifixion is recorded-^-only—]3064 [I reckon—when I count at all—]3065 [I had been hungry, all the Years—]3065 [Empty my Heart, of Thee]3066 [They shut me up in Prose—]3066 [Ourselves were wed one summer—dear—]3067 [The Brain—is wider than the Sky—]3067 [I cannot live with You—]3068 [I dwell in Possibility—] .3069 [Of all the Souls that stand create—] .3069 [One need not be a Chamber—to be Haunted—]3070 [Essential Oils—are wrung—]3070 [They say that "Time Assuages"—] -3070 [Publication—is the Auction]3071 [Because I could not stop for Death—]3072 [She rose to His Requirement—dropt]3072 [My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun—]3073 [Presentiment—is that long Shadow-—on the Lawn—]3073 [This Consciousness that is aware]3074 [The Poets light but Lamps—]3074 [The Missing All, prevented Me]3074 [A narrow Fellow in the Grass]3075 [Perception of an object costs]3075 [Title divine—is mine!]3075 [The Bustle in a House]3076 [Revolution is the Pod]3076 [Tell all the Truth but tell it slant—]3076 [He preached upon "Breadth" till it argued him narrow—]3077 [Not with a Club, the Heart is broken]

xviii • Contents

3078 [What mystery pervades a well!]3079 [A Counterfeit—a Plated Person—]3079 ["Heavenly Father"—take to thee]3079 [A Route of Evanescence]3079 [The Bible is an Antique Volume—]3080 [Volcanoes be in Sicilty]3080 [Rearrange a "Wife's" affection!]3081 [To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee]3081 Letters3081 To Abiah Root (January 29, 1850)3083 To Austin Dickinson (October 17,1851)3084 To Susan Gilbert (Dickinson) (late April 1852)3084 To Susan Gilbert (Dickinson) (June 27, 1852)3085 To Samuel Bowles (about February 1861)3086 To recipient unknown (about 1861)3088 To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (date uncertain)3088 To T. W. Higginson (April 15, 1862)3088 To T. W. Higginson (April 25, 1862)3090 To T. W. Higginson (June 7,1862)3091 To T. W. Higginson (July 1862)3092 To Mrs. J. G. Holland (early May 1866)3093 To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (about 1870)3093 To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (about 1870)3 093 To T. W. Higginson (1876)3093 To Otis P. Lord [rough draft] (about 1878)3094 To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (about 1878)3094 To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (early October 1883)3095 To Susan Gilbert Dickinson (about 1884)

A-l Acknowledgments

I-l Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poems