The Crusades

Section 3

Lesson Objectives 125.List and describe the reasons that thousands

of Christians joined the Crusades. (10)

126.Explain Urban II’s motives for calling the

Crusades. (15)

127.Describe the effects of the Crusades. (30)

128.Explain the Reconquista. (25)

125. List and describe the reasons/incentives

that thousands of Christians joined the

Crusades. (10)

1. Religion-take back the Holy Land.

2. Remission of all sins.

3. Knights- wealth and land.

4. Peasants- escape their harsh life.

5. Adventure

126. Explain Urban II’s motives for calling the Crusades.

1. Take back the Holy Land! (“Christ commands it!”)

2. Increase his power and prestige.

3. Unite the two Christian Churches.

4. He wanted to end fighting between Christians in Europe. (Fight Muslims instead)

The Two Christian Churches •In 1054 their was a schism, or split in the Church.

•The Catholic Church in Western Europe became separate from the Church in the Byzantine Empire.

•The Pope ruled the Catholic Church while the Byzantine Church was ruled by the emperor.

The Holy Land

127. Describe the effects of the Crusades.

1. Increased trade

between Europe and the Middle East.

2. Expanded use of money in business transactions.

3. Increased the power of the monarchs.

4. A wider worldview develops for Europeans.

The Crusades were largely unsuccessful. However, Europeans did benefit from the Crusades taking place.

Increased trade between Europe and the Middle East

•Crusaders brought back luxurious items from the Middle East. (perfumes, spices, and fabrics). •People in Europe wanted these goods and were willing to pay.

Expanded use of money in business transactions.

•To finance a journey to the Holy Land crusaders needed money.

•Lords charged rent to peasants.

•Peasants had to sell goods in town in order to be able to pay rent.

Increased the power of the monarchs.

•Kings collected taxes to finance the Crusades. •Several kings went on Crusades- increased prestige

•Richard the Lionheart-England •Philip II- France

A Wider worldview develops for Europeans.

•Crusaders discovered places they never knew existed. •Exploration begins! •Europeans discover there is huge world outside of Europe.

128. Explain the Reconquista.

Christians Conquer Spain

•Christian armies slowly began conquering Spain from the Muslims. •In 1469 the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille united their two kingdoms into one called Spain. •They conquered all of Spain by 1492.

Spain expels non-Christians

•Spain was very diverse. 1. Muslims 2. Jews 3. Christians

•Under Muslim rule Jews and Muslims lived in relative peace. •Ferdinand and Isabella wanted to unify the country by making everyone Christian.

The Spanish Inquisition

•Ferdinand and Isabella set up the Spanish Inquistion, a Church court set up to try people for heresy. •People who refused to convert or continued to practice their religion would be convicted and executed (usually tortured). •150,000 Jews and Muslims fled Spain