ANGELA FLINTOFF 125

The classic pompadour hairstyle that rocked the 1950s always lives up to its name, born from a simple comb

and hair gel. A pompadour features front hair brushed back high over the forehead, along with side hair

combed upward so it all meets in a pile on top. While Americans

associate the pompadour with early rock-and-roll icons such as Little Richard and Elvis, the hairstyle

dates back to 1740s France.

1950’s Male Pompadour

“The pompadour or versions of it, have been worn by a bunch of different people such as Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Mike Ness of Social Distortion (during Social D's early years), The Stray Cats and Brian Setzer, young Johnny Cash, Robert Gordon, members of The Clash wore pompadours at various times, even Morrissey has worn quite a nice form of a pompadour.There are others..... David Lynch, the director, wears his hair quite high on top, and also was the director of Eraserhead (the movie), there is John Lydon, and Johnny Bravo. There is a distinction between the classic pompadour nowadays between the extreme quiff, which is more of a psychobilly cut and the sides are shaved for that. The origin of the pomadour actually comes from Marquise de Pompadour, a mistress of France's Louis XV who had her hair exceptionally high on top at times. The term "pompadour" used in referring to high hair was then brought into 1950's culture when John Steinbeck mentioned it when describing a male haircut standing tall on top in the 1952 novel "East of Eden". Guys started wearing their hair up high on top in the mid-50's and the whole greaser scene, Elvis, and rockabilly culture was birthed. The term "pompadour" became the word used for having high hair on top and shorter hair sides and that look - I think because Steinbeck used it in his novel.” Posted by DanKimball on May 25, 2007 at 07:49 PM

http://www.dankimball.com/vintage_faith/2007/05/the_history_of_.html

History of the Pompadour

The Cut Although the pomp is very simple in design,

it is a rarity to find a barber or stylist that can properly cut one. Having a precise cut is imperative to the structural integrity of the pomp. The nature of the pomp is short on the back and sides and long on the top, but if you get the wrong cut, you could end up with some renegade hairs once the grease is in. Finding a seasoned pomp veteran is key. Here's a picture of what mine looks like sans product. Hold your applaud ladies, it only gets better. Pay close attention to the length on top – you cannot, I repeat CANNOT have a pomp with short hair on top/front. It should go at least to your eyebrows, even longer. The sides and back have a bit more room for length. Some people like to have more length on the sides to slick back, some like it close cropped. You know, to make the top look bigger.

How to Maintain? Product

Contrary to belief or what a lot of modern fancy stylists will tell you, one does not need a lot of products to get a good, high pomp going. You don't even need a blow dryer or hairspray. All you need is one comb (or brush) and a few finger tips of the proper pomade. And folks, the pomade is the most important part. These drug store pomades? Don't work. Stuff from the salon? Won't cut it. You need the real stuff, the good stuff, the stuff they used in the old days. There are a few brands sworn upon by rockabillies and greasers everywhere, like Dax, Black & White, Royal Crown (the one Elvis used) and the ever popular Murray's Superior Pomade. These brands are the true stock for any pomp, but I'm telling you they are a killer to get out of the hair. You see, they are meant to be left in the hair for the short-term. My first time with Murray's left me a weepy mess on the shower floor until it eventually came out after three washings with liquid dish soap and olive oil. I'm the exception as I like the full wash daily, which is why I swear by Layrite, a pomade created by the “World Famous” Hawleywood's Barbershops. This stuff is water soluble, meaning it will rinse out easily with water alone. But if you're in it to win it, any of the aforementioned pomades will do the trick. For the true hardcore to the pomp scene, even beeswax or petroleum jelly will work in a pinch. But there you go, you can put the myth of drawers full of products and procedures behind. Now all that's left is time, a little patience and a bit of finesse

• Step I – Butter It Up

• Now you're ready to take the plunge into the sexy end of the pool. With DRY hair, get about two fingertips of the pomade and run it through your luscious mane. You will no doubt end up using more than this, but you don't want to put too much in at one time as this will weigh down your hair making the pomping process a bitch. Its a lot easier to add then to subtract when it comes to the grease.

• Step IV – The Once Over

• You're pretty much done at this point, but if you're like me, you gotta have it perfect. You don't want to be doing any drastic resculpting at this point – though believe me you may be tempted. Giving your sides and back one more slick back will make sure that your wings are tight, making the pomp that much more glorious. Depending on the caliber of your barber or stylist, you may get some renegade strands popping out near your crown or sides. If a few flicks of the comb doesn't put these punks to bed, wet your hands with a little water and softly smooth it out. You don't need any hairspray. Put that down.

• Step III – Pomp Up The Volume

• You've been strutting around on easy street kids, and have now crossed over the wrong train tracks (wanna see a dead body?). It's now time to put the height in that pomp.

• What you're gonna do is gently place your non-combing hand on the top-middle of your head. Gently push the hair forward while combing the front of your hair STRAIGHT up. The goal here is to create a wedge from the front of your hair to the back of your head, if you were looking at it from the side

• Believe me, it is much easier performed than written, so you're going to need some practice. I find that if you loosen up your wrists and relax you get much better results. When I first started I was so paranoid about every hair getting out of place, but in truth if you haven't used too much or too little pomade, you can refine it once the general shape is to your liking.

• The biggest problem area here is the corners of your hairline. More often than not, when you get that lift in the front, these two spots above your temple don't cooperate and you get a chink in the armor. If you get this space between your sides (which are still slicked back) and the pomp in the front, with a delicate hand use your comb to blend these sections in. One little trick I've learned, is to go back and comb the upper sides of your hair, right below your part area. Comb them back but swoop the hair near the back of your head up. It sounds incredibly confusing I know, but think of the way a duck's wings meet its tail. Having your sides gradually coming up will often provide some support to help anchor those problem front corners and keep them up. All heads and hair are different though, so you will need to take some time to figure out whats best for your hair.

• Step II – The Slick Back

• So far, pretty easy... grab your comb (I prefer red ones, they go faster) and thoroughly comb your hair back. If you feel the need to add some more pomade at this point, go ahead - I find that generally I use 2-3 small applications in total. You can use a brush if that's what you prefer, but I find a finer toothed comb will yield the best results when you get to the next step. A pomp will work with a part or without, its entirely up to you. Experiment like you're in college and see what works best. I prefer no part, because otherwise I look like a life insurance salesman. But, different strokes...

How to?

How to: Pictures

Examples: 1950’s Rockabilly

Examples: Post 1950’s and 1980’s Psychobilly

The pompadour re-emerged again in the 80’s this time with shaved sides. And a more punk feel to it. This is known as Pscycobilly. The movie

‘Greas’e, which as filmed in 1978 was set in the 1950’s. The lead character

played by John Travolta had a pompadour which teenage girls went wild for this may have influenced the

return of the style in the 80’s.

It has also inlfluenced present day female hairstyles. The look today varies from that of an androgynous one to retro rockabilly glamour which is very feminine. Stars such as Kelly Osbourne and Gwen Stefani rock the femanine 50’s adaptation well. Whereas Celebrities like Rihanna and La Roux opt for the more androgynous almost tom boy look. It still has a very sexy appeal though. The style portrays stong, independent women.

Present Day Styling

These days, and throughout the last few decades the pompadour has remained a staple style for men. Ofcourse the look has been modernised and updated, but its still very much a classic elegant look, this makes it perfect for runway and fashion model shoots. Even ‘Johnny Bravo’ A childrens cartoon character in the 90’s-00’s had a pompadour, a rather large one infact and he was very vain about it. The look today is constantly being updated and pushed with curls, height, volume and colour. Celebrities such as adam lambert have used this style to reinvent their image. The style still stands strong no matter how you adapt it, you can still see that it’s a pompadour. It’s a power hairstyle associated with class and vanity.

Modern Male Hair

Examples: Present Day Styling Modern Female Hair

History: What was the importance of the top knot for maori? “The topknot is called a tikitiki. It's name is derived from the birth of Maui. When Maui was born prematurely and was thought to be stilborn. His mother Taranga cut her topknot off, wrapped Maui in it and threw him out to sea. Hence his name, Maui-tikitiki-a-Taranga (Maui in the topknot of Taranga). As Maui was rescued and raised by Tangaroa, who taught him many magical powers and many myths involve this demigod. The topknot therefore signifies power like that of Maui.” Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_importance_of_the_top_knot_for_maori#ixzz1skWcIMe4

Maori Culture: Top Knot Bun

How Was It Achieved?

The Native Maori people were a hunter/gatherer society. Therefor they wore their hair in a simplistic practical style; The topknot bun.

Slicked back close to the head and twisted into a bun on top of the head. Then possibly decorated with traditional ornaments and/or combs made from natural resources such as wood, bone, stone, feathers, flax and seashells.

Techniques and Methods

Tools Used Hair Ornaments The Maori followed the Polynesian custom of the men wearing their hair long and tying it in a large topknot. Feathers were stuck into the topknot by their quills, the tail feathers of thehuia, black with white tips, being regarded as the most valuable. Feathers of the albatross (toroa), longtailed cuckoo (koekoea), and heron (kotuku) were also valued. Combs (heru) were also stuck in the hair for decoration. Small combs (heru mapara) were made of separate wooden teeth lashed together with flax fibre (Fig. 79A).A more valuable comb was made of whalebone (heru iwi) in one piece with a small human head carved on one side (Fig. 79B).Like other valuable ornaments, the whalebone comb was handed on in succession and a tradition states that the well-known ancestor, Ruatapu, was severely reprimanded by his father for wearing the family whalebone comb which was reserved for his elder brother. A detailed Rarotongan version of the Ruatapu story does not mention any whalebone comb and it is not present in central Polynesia where the story was laid. The form is peculiar to New Zealand and as it was not present in the Chatham Islands, it was probably a late development in New Zealand. Though the Maori story of its presence in the Hawaiki of Ruatapu is an interpolation, the story shows the great value attached to whalebone combs as family heirlooms.

Top Knot Bun Today

Instantly Glam! Double headbands turn a loose bun into a chic style! Just follow these easy steps to create a cute look to wear to Casual or a Special Event or Party Step 1 Apply a dollop of straightening gel to towel-dried hair. Use your fingers to distribute the product evenly from roots to ends Step 2 Blow-dry four-inch sections of hair (using medium heat), holding the dryer three inches from your head, and use a paddle brush to straighten and smooth each section Step 3 Pull your hair into a loose ponytail and secure it with an elastic at your crown. Twist and wrap your hair into a messy bun, then loop the ends through the elastic. Step 4 Run your fingers through the front of your hair to loosen it from the elastic, and add texture. Slide in a thin black headband two inches from your hairline Step 5 Slide a second thin black headband three inches behind the first one. Mist your entire head with nonaerosol hairspray from eight inches away to secure your style.

Styling Today

Egypian Culture: Bob with Fringe and Wigs

Egyptians were very vain people, they spent a lot of time grooming. They even had their own Ancient versions of a Hair Salon and Day Spa. The hair was slicked back and

worn close to the head, then they wore wigs which beautifully styled and adorned with precious metals and gems.

Were you ever curious how hairstyling ,beauty, and hair colouring ever came about? Who, back in

the day would have ever come up with the idea of changing ones hair style, let alone colour of the hair? Well studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as the glacial age. They used simple but effective implements like sharpened flints, oyster shells, or bone. Animal sinew of hide were used to tie hair back, or as a adornment. Your probably thinking the same thing I did. "yuck!" but that's all they had to use in those days long ago.

The Egyptians were the first to cultivate beauty in a extravagant fashion, and became well-versed in the art of makeup and hairdressing. The ancient Egyptians also were the first to use cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits, and in religious ceremonies when preparing the deceased for burial. Ancient records show that colouring matter was made from berries, the bark of trees, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves and other materials that were used on the skin, hair, and nails. Even though eye paint was the most popular of all cosmetics, henna (a dye extracted from the leaves of an ornamental shrub) was used to impart a reddish tint to the hair that is still used to this day. The first recorded use of henna as a colouring agent was in 1500 B.C. Excavations from Egyptian tombs also have revealed combs, brushes, mirrors, and razors made of tempered copper and bronze. Hairdressing was an art for the Egyptians who liked to wear elaborate hairdo's and cosmetics, as well as wigs. Egyptian women, and the Roman women were known to apply a mixture of soil and water to their hair. They then wrapped their hair on wooden made rollers to bake in the sun, creating a temporary wave. The first evidence of nail care recorded in history was prior to 3,000 B.C. in Egypt and China. Ancient Egyptian men and women of high social rank stained their nails with red-orange henna. The colour of a person's nail was a sign of rank. Kings and queens wore deep red, while people of lower society wore only pale colours. Beauty and grooming took on great symbolic significance in many cultures. Military commanders in Egypt, Babylon, and early Rome would spend many hours before a battle, having their hair curled, and their nails painted the same shade as their lips. Weird, but interesting.

History

Hairdressing was an art for the Egyptians who liked to wear elaborate hairdo's and

cosmetics, as well as wigs. The Egyptians were very advanced it seems Excavations from Egyptian tombs have

revealed combs, brushes, mirrors, and razors made of tempered copper and bronze. They used simple but effective implements like sharpened flints, oyster shells, or bone.

Animal sinew of hide were used to tie hair back, or as a adornment. Ancient records show that colouring matter was made from berries, the bark of trees,

minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves and other materials that were used on the skin, hair, and nails. Even though eye paint was the most popular of all cosmetics, henna (a dye extracted from the leaves of an ornamental shrub) was used to impart a reddish tint to the hair that is still used to this day.

Egyptian women, and the Roman women were known to apply a mixture of soil and water to their hair. They then wrapped their hair on wooden made rollers to bake in the sun, creating a temporary wave.

Tools, Products, Technique and Methods

The Egyptians have had a huge influence on hairstyles today. They pioneered hair colour and wigs. We have celebrities everywhere rocking the classic long straight bob with edgy full fringes. Cher showed us how it was done in the 60’s and she still continues to wear that style to this day. She made it an icon as did Madonna, now stars like Katy Perry and Christina Aguilera wear the style. It’s a cut associated with glamour, power and successfulness. If you notice its mostly strong woman who don this style. Nicki Minaj and Lady Gaga have also been seen wearing this style as of late, in the form of their many wigs A trick also introduced to us by the Ancient Egyptians.

Egyptian Hair Influences on Today

Influences on Today Examples

The Shimada is a women's hairstyle in Japan, similar to a chignon. Its modern usage is mainly limited to geisha, but during the Edo period it was also worn by ordinary girls in their late teens. Generally the hair is gathered together at the crown of the head and a small portion of the bun is sectioned off to point outward. There are four major types of the shimada: Taka Shimada, a high chignon (a kind of knot of hair), usually worn by young, single women Tsubushi shimada, a more flattened chignon generally worn by older women Uiwata, a chignon that is usually bound up with a piece of color cotton crepe Momoware, a style that ends up looking like a divided peach, typically worn by maiko

Japanese Culture: Shimada Traditional Shimada Hairstyle - Japan, circa 1890 Photographer: Attributed to Tamamura Kozaburo Ref: SK06513 Attributed to the Japanese photographer Tamamura Kazaburo, known as one of the originators of 'Yokohama Shashin' (souvenir photographic albums sold to tourists) and for his extremely delicate portrait shots, this image shows a woman modeling one of the many variations of the Shimada hairstyle (a bun style accentuating the nape of the neck) popular during the 19th century among both geisha and society women

Before becoming an apprentice, a young woman grows her hair very long so that it can be shaped into the

elaborate hairstyles of a maiko. She wears at least five different styles, each one signifying a different stage in her apprenticeship. For instance, a new maiko wears a hairstyle calledwareshinobu, which incorporates two strands of red ribbon that signify her innocence. An adult maiko wears a style called ofuku. This change was once determined by mizu-age, or a maiko's first sexual experience, but now it is simply a function of time. The switch usually occurs when the apprentice turns 18 or has been working for three years.

Apprentice geisha spend hours at the hairdresser every week to maintain their hairstyle. They sleep on special pillows that have a hole in the middle so they don't ruin their hair while they sleep.

Very high or very long? Up or down? VERY HIGH: Ancient Japanese people believed that a thin stick had magical power. They used their

hair ornaments as talismans to protect them from evil. But the origin of this style is from China. This was a hairstyle for the highest-ranking lady.

VERY LONG: The longer the hair, the greater the beauty and nobility. But actually, every high-ranking lady had the same hairstyle.

UP AND SIMPLE: unpretentious taste! UP WITH MANY DECORATIONS: The accomplished period of ‘Nihon-gami’ (traditional Japanese

hairstyle). Much more freedom! Close to modernistic styles! Up! Similar to the Kofun girl’s styles, but more modern. They show the entire of their face, and

also show their ears, just as with the Kofun styles. But the biggest difference is that they make the top of their hair stand up. This is a much more masculine look.

Tools, Products, Technique and Methods

Examples

Influences on Today Examples

Japanese hairstyles have had a huge influence on the fashion world and todays hairstyles. Runway shows and hair advertisements are jam packed full of embelished, detailed buns done up like bows, flowers and intricate designs. It’s also present in casual hairstyles in the form of the messy bun which has been a go to hairstyle for woman worldwide for years.

http://www.ehow.com/about_5486239_history-hair-weaving.html http://hubpages.com/topics/fashion-and-beauty/history-of-fashion/1300

http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/beauty.htm http://www.touregypt.net/magazine/mag4.htm

http://www.manukau-libraries.govt.nz/EN/Maori/Pathfinders/Pages/Maorihairandskincare.aspx http://www.ehow.com/about_5486239_history-hair-weaving.html

http://www.erasofelegance.com/fashion/hairstyles.html http://glamourarmor.com/865/culture-of-hair

http://carlanayland.blogspot.co.nz/2006/10/ancient-egyptian-hair-dye-technology.html http://www.king-tut.org.uk/ancient-egyptians/egyptian-hairstyles.htm

http://sanddhairimports.com/fa2/blog1.php/2009/02/28/the-history-of-hair-in-egypt http://beautykazoo.hubpages.com/hub/The-History-of-Hair-Coloring-and-Hair-Styling http://www.seventeen.com/beauty/hair-ideas/perfect-loose-bun-hi-1107#slide-6

http://pinterest.com/pin/107875353544127835/ http://www.forcesofgeek.com/2009/02/how-to-style-pompadour-good-kind-of.html

http://www.voyagesenphotographie.com/detailsSK06513_200px.shtml http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/news/study-finds-ancient-egyptians-cared-about-hair/

http://beautykazoo.hubpages.com/hub/The-History-of-Hair-Coloring-and-Hair-Styling http://sanddhairimports.com/fa2/blog1.php/2009/02/28/the-history-of-hair-in-egypt

http://www.king-tut.org.uk/ancient-egyptians/egyptian-hairstyles.htm http://carlanayland.blogspot.co.nz/2006/10/ancient-egyptian-hair-dye-technology.html

http://www.dankimball.com/vintage_faith/2007/05/the_history_of_.html http://www.madeinslant.com/2011/02/big-hair-reigns-with-these-paper-wigs-by-the-the-paper-cut-project/

Google Images also Used.

Background Image Taken by Christopher James Reid and Edited by Angela Flintoff. Cover Page Design by Angela Flintoff centre image from google images.

References