the history of modern jazz

8/2/2019 The History of Modern Jazz

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The History of Modern Jazz

By Christian Cail


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Jazz Roots

When African slaves were brought to America they brought

their rhythm. Some masters allowed slaves to meet up and

play for them for money, for extra food, etc. This tradition was

continued after slavery in new Orleans. Black African music

developed as slavery was abolished and as time went by.European classical music is another style of music that has left

a huge imprint on jazz, especially as far as harmony is

concerned.


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Ragtime and New Orleans

Ragtime was a music that developed in the late 1800s and

was played at minstrel shows and vaudeville shows. Its was

music for the lower classes.

New Orleans also had a huge impact on jazz. Brass and string

bands became popular especially for lower classes.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Bolden_band.gif


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Blues

Blues music grew before jazz, but developed alongside jazz

and changed just as much as jazz did and still does. Jazz and

Blues have continued to influence each other. Ornette

Coleman, Albert Ayler, and Horace Silver are just a few jazzers

who used the blues to express themselves.


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Charles Mingus Hog Callin' Blues

Heres an example of a jazz song that employs the blues feel

alongside scat singing. This song came off the album Oh Yeah

in 1962.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/55/Oh-Yeah-Cover.jpghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hv1Yewr6Z5s


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Heres Louis Armstrong alongside blues singer

Bessie Smith

Louis and Bessie
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9SQdSLW27Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9SQdSLW27Q


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Jelly Roll Morton

Pianist Jelly Roll Morton was a defining figure in jazz music.

He started off playing his music in the brothels of Storyville. In

the early 1900s he toured around America and even played in

North Carolina. He played in many of the large cities across

the U.S. and wrote many compositions.

He died on July 10th, 1941 from complications from asthma.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MortonBricktopRowCropMortonFace.jpg


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Jelly Roll Morton

This song was to later be covered by rock bandHot Tuna.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4n20U8hWHSEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4n20U8hWHSE


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20s ad 30s

The jazz age had begun; Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington,

Fletcher Henderson, and many more left a huge impact on the

shape of jazz music and defined it for many. Many jazz

musicians backed blues singers like Bessie Smith and Ma

Rainey.

Swing music also appeared in the 30s. Swing consisted of big

bands like that of Duke Ellington or Count Basie. Some

musicians like Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Christian,

and Lester Young began to look further than just swing.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_Armstrong2.jpg


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Duke Ellington

Pianist Duke Ellington is one of the greatest composers of all

time. He influenced all of jazz that came after him from

Charles Mingus to John Coltrane. He worked at the Cotton

Club in the late 20s. From 1932 to 1942 his was thriving. He

was also very connected with classical music which bled overinto his jazz compositions.

Caravan-Duke Ellington
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4XKHkzDggkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4XKHkzDggkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4XKHkzDggkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4XKHkzDggk


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The Next Step; Bebop

In the 1940s some musicians were looking for more

harmonically and rhythmically advanced music. This music

would end up being called Be-Bop.

The leaders were altoist Charlie Parker and trumpeter Dizzy

Gillespie. Many musicians like pianist Thelonious Monk,

guitarist Charlie Christian, saxophonist Lester Young, and

trumpeter Clifford Brown also played the music and were

expanding the boundaries of jazz.


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Thelonious Monk

Monk was under all circumstances an oddball. He took heroin,

sang off key along with his piano improvisations, and danced

in trace-like circles leaving his bassist at the time to have all

the harmonic burdens. Monk was a genius though and his un-

classical throbbing piano style was unmatched and unable tocopy. He was a mastermind and his music although much of it

was written in the 40s wasnt excepted until the 60s. He was

one of the founders of Be-Bop.


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Bemsha Swing

Bemsha Swing is a great example of Monks odd compositions.

This is a live recording. Woah!! Remember when live music

was actually good!?!?! The great Charlie Rouse on Tenor Sax.

Dancing Monk

Anthropology Charlie Parker
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrAA8wPFozEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjJYeCYO-hAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMuItUv9xZc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMuItUv9xZc&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjJYeCYO-hAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrAA8wPFozEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrAA8wPFozEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrAA8wPFozE


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Hard Bop

Hard Bop music grew from a classic rebound to the softer and

whiter Cool Jazz on the West Coast. Hard Bop, which

developed in the 50s, was a bit harder hitting and although

played by Be-Boppers it had many elements of what was to

become funk, soul, while taking a lot of inspiration form blues.Art Blakeys jazz Messengers were group carrying the torch

for the music. Art had played with Charlie Parker as well.

Sonny Rollins, Miles Davis, Lee Morgan, and Horace Silver are

just a few jazzers known to play this style of jazz. They all haddirect connections with Be-Bop.


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Moanin'

This was a composition by Bobby Timmons.

The night this song was written was the very night they played

it live.

Lee Morgan

This next track was written by none other than Dizzy Gillespie.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2je_TvW549Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99U3Omgh8z8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99U3Omgh8z8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2je_TvW549Ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2je_TvW549E


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Modal Jazz

Modal jazz, originating in the late 50s, was inspired by

visionarys like George Russell whose approach was to use less

chords and have more time to explore the extensions of the

chord itself. Pianist Bill Evans, Alto Saxophone player Jackie

McLean, Miles Davis and John Coltrane adapted to this newstyle. But, lets not forget Miles Davis played with Charlie

Parker as well. John Coltrane also played with Dizzy Gillespie.

My point is that jazz music is always developing from jazz

musicians with direct ties to the past.


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So What Miles Davis

So what was a modal tune that only changed key signatures

twice. This was influenced by Bill Evans new modal approach

to piano. The album was Kind Of Blue(1959), a

groundbreaking jazz album.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEC8nqT6Rrkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEC8nqT6Rrk


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Free Jazz/ Avant-Garde

Free Jazz, developing in the early 60s, abandoned chord

progressions, it abandoned some time signatures, and even

key signatures. This style of music was harsh and very heavy.

One pioneer in particular was Ornette Coleman. He stood his

ground for the music he loved to play and did not let up. JohnColtrane, Jackie McLean, Miles Davis, Cecil Taylor, Albert Ayler,

and Sonny Rollins are just a few musicians who excepted the

music and applied it to what they were doing.


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Lonely Woman

This tune came on Shape Of Jazz to Come in 1959. John

Coltrane, Jackie Mclean and others praised his work, while

Charles Mingus and Miles Davis though of it as noise.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNbD1JIH344http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNbD1JIH344


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Got to have Freedom

Pharoah Sanders joined John Coltranes band in 1965. He

continued the sound after Trane's death in 1967. His name

was given to him by fellow Free Jazzer Sun Ra.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bV5ObaaQCV0http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Pharoah_Sanders_photo.jpghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bV5ObaaQCV0


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You guys though Lady Gaga and Nicki Minaj

were weird.

Marshall Allen and Sun Ra
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JboA9PumtDYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JboA9PumtDY


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Mingus

I could not possibly find a place for Charles Mingus. His music

fits in no sub genre. He played jazz before Charlie Parker and

even played along him in the album Bird And Diz: Live At

Massey Hall. He had elements of Be-Bop, Swing, Blues, Folk

Music, and Free Jazz in his overall career. He was a pioneer,political activist, fighter, and a womanizer. He also

collaborated with Eric Dolphy who died in 1964. Dolphy was

another innovator in free jazz.


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Haitian Fight Song

This tune appeared on the album Mingus Mingus Mingus

Mingus Mingus in 1963.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWmE8T09-G4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWmE8T09-G4&feature=related


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Jazz/Rock Fusion

Jazz fusion was a creation in the later 1960s that combined

rock and jazz elements together. Miles Davis, Return To

Forever, Mahavishnu Orchestra, Tony Williams Lifetime,

Cream, Allman Brothers Band, Santana, Grateful Dead, and

Soft Machine are just a few jazz fusion bands that arrived inthe 60s and 70s.


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The Mahavishnu Orchestra were made up of jazz players. For

instance John Mclaughlin played with Miles Davis. As did Billy

Cobham. Rick Laird played with Stan Getz and alongside

Sonny Rollins.

Mahavishnu Orchestra
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSv6SEN3SKo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSv6SEN3SKo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSv6SEN3SKo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSv6SEN3SKo&feature=related


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Soft Machine formed as a pop group with major psychedelic

tendencies. They backed Jimi Hendrix for a short while before

adopted an avant-garde sound.

Soft Machine
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvRDsbudUgshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvRDsbudUgs


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Above and Beyond

Jazz had fused with rap, electronic music, Punk, Metal, and

Hip-Hop. Jazz has stayed current but unfortunately not in the

mainstream. Jazz will also be an underground music for

underdogs. Its heavier than metal but as soft as a morning

sunrise. So many people and walks of life can experience themusic and learn to love it and at least respect it.

Dave Fiuczynski and John Medeski
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lk2Gj5ccEsQ


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the history of modern jazz

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