the history of the english language
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A brief history of the English languageTRANSCRIPT
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The History of the English Language
Source: A History of English by Barbara A. Fennell
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Where did English come from?
English is a member of the Indo-European family of
languages
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Latin and the modern Latin languages
•Germanic languages
•Indo-Iranian languages
•Slavic languages
•Baltic languages
•Celtic Languages •Greek
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What are its origins?
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Old English or Anglo-Saxon (449 - 1066 CE)
The Romans finally left England in 410 CE as the Roman Empire was collapsing
The Celts lived in England when the Romans invaded.
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Then the West Germanic tribes arrived to England
The AnglesThe SaxonsThe Jutes The Frisians
– These tribes spoke Anglo-Saxon or Old English.
– This language is similar to modern Frisian– Today approximately 400,000 people speak Frisian=( The Celts moved north leaving the main area of Britain =(
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Later (850 CE) the Vikings came and brought with them their North Germanic language influence
Words: WATER & BOOK
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• The Norman ConquestFrench-speaking William, Duke of Normandy
• Old English began to change with the influence of the new French speaking Norman aristocracy
• New vocabulary: Beef, pork, and veal = cow, pig, and calf
French English
Middle English (1066 - 1500 CE)
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Early Modern English (1500 - 1650/1700 CE)
• The Renaissance – Revival of scholarship: Greek and Latin classics
• William Shakespeare – 3000 Latin based words
• Age of Exploration and discoveries: – Products from the New World: Tobacco, Chocolate, Potato
• King James Bible – 1st Book printed in English• William Claxton –The Press
These printed materials helped to standardize the languageGRAMMAR AND SPELLING!
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Late Modern English(1800 to 2010)
• Rise of technology– Industrial revolution - nuclear, airplane, horsepower– Internet
• Growth of the British empire and current expansion of the American influence on the world
– Neologisms from other languages: Shampoo and pajamasCanyon and Ranch Hamburger and Rocket
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Due to all these factors, the modern English language is very rich and flexible!
(VARIOUS RULES: CONFUSING!!! in spelling and pronunciation)
The English language is spoken by 750 million people
English is an official language in: England, Canada, Australia and New Zealand
and the United States.