THE· HISTORY· OF

GENERAL EDIT 9 R · C LAUDE BLAIR

LITILE. BROWN AND COMPANY

· CONTENTS·

I

INTRODUCTION 7 Claude Blair

l. THE ANCIENT WORLD 9 Kenneth Painter

2. THE MIGRATION PERIOD AND THE MIDDLE AGES 37 Ronald Lightbown

3. THE RENAISSANCE AND MANNERISM 67 Timothy Schroder

4. BAROQUE SILVER, 1610- 1725 95 Anna Somers Cocks

5. THE ROCOCO 125 Elaine Barr

6. NEOCLASSICISM 141 Elaine Barr

7. THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES 157 Shirley Bury

8. ART DECO AND AFTER: 1920- 60 197 Philippe Garner

9. CONTEMPORARY SILVER 213 Graham Hughes

Appendix 1 THE CRAFT OF THE SILVERSMITH 225 Claude Blair

Appendix 2 THE METALS, HALLMARKING AND METHODS OF ASSAY 233 John Forbes

NOTES 241

BIBLIOGRAPHY 243

GLOSSARY 246

INDEX 249

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 256

Numbers in italics refer to captions of illustrations

A Aachen Cathedral, 120; great

ambo o r pulpit, 51, 51; Lothair Cross, 41, 43; shrine of the Virgin, 57

Abdinghof Abbey, 52 Abingdon church, 50, 51 Accarisi of Florence, 182 Achaemenid silver: amphora and

phiale, 13, 16, 18; deep bowls, 18

Adam, James, 146, 147 Adam, Robert, 142, 146 , 147,

148, 149, 150, 151, 158, 165 Adams Vase, 193 Adelaide, Archduchess of

Austria, 182 Adie Brothers, 204 Adnet, Henri, 128 Ador, Jean·Pierre, 153, 153 Aethelwold, Abbot, 51 Atfre, Jean, 130 Africa Dish, 23, 24 Ailwin, Earl, 51 Aitchison, J ., of Edinburgh, 165 alabastra , 11, 16, 17, 21, 23 A laca Huyuk, Capadocia, 7 Alalolphus, lay abbot of St

Bertin, 50 A lbanian Treasure, 34 A lbers, Josef, 203 Albert, Prince Consort, 157,

161- 2, 166, 168 A lberti, Jacques·Henri, 130 Albertolli, Ferdinand, 182 A lbrecht, V., Duke of Bavaria,

86 Aldobrandini tazzas, 81, 81, 83 Aldred, Archbishop of York, 51 Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 98 Alenstetter, David, 88 Alesia, silver cup from, 18, 21 Alexander, Pope, head reliquary,

48 Alexander VII, Pope, 109, III A lexandrian work, 21 Alexandrovo burial, phialai

from, 13 Algard i, Alessandro, 108, 110 'Alhambra' vase, 183 AlIard, J osse, 174 altars: Basle Cathedral, 39;

Golden Altars of Denmark, 41; medieval, 41- 3, 45- 6, 47, 49,50,51,52,62- 3; Pistoia retable and frontal, 61, 62; portable, 41, 42- 3; rococo, 130; St Denis, 4 1, 44, 45,45, 48, 53; San Marco, Pala d'Oro retable, 62; Wolvinius, 41, 41; see also candlesticks; crucifixesj frontals; retables

Alton Towers Triptych, 42 Altott ing Goldenes Riissel, 64, 65 Alyattes of Lydia, 10 Amalfi Cathedral sanctuary

lamp, 112 American Craft Council , New

York, 215 amphora, 13, 15, 15, 16 amphora·rhyton, 18, 18 Amsterdam, 101, 102, 113, 114,

172- 3 Amsterdam Silversmiths' Guild,

95 Amy tot, Laurent, 155 Anastasius, Emperor, 33, 34, 35 Anatolian silver, 7, 9 Ancona grave~goods silver, 20 Andersen, David, 185, 186, 187,

208, 209 Andersen, Just, 208 Anderson, Lawrence, 195 andirons, English 17th·century,

107 Andreason, Jens, 209 Andren, 185 Angell, John, 159 Angel!, Joseph, 162, 185 Angilbert, Bishop, 41, 41

Angman, Jacob, 207 animal·heads (protomai), Greek,

IS Anketil!, goldsmith, 56 Anne of Austria, gold coffer of,

98,98 Anne of C leves, 74 annealing process, 227, 229 Annesley, Arthur, 137 Ansegisus, Abbot of Fontanelles,

51, 53 antependium, 41 Antioch chalice, 32, 34 Antiochus VII Sidetes, 20 antiquarianism, 19th~century,

158- 60, 162, 163, 165- 6, 168, 169, 169, 170, 171; see also Gothic: neoclassicism

Antwerp silver, 84, 84, 85, 114, 239

Antwerp tazza (1524), 77 Appleby, Malcolm, 218, 219 apprentices, 40, 74, 117, 217 Aquae Apollinares, Roman silver

from, 22 aquamaniles, 45, 50, 51 Aquileia patera, 23, 24 Aquincum, Roman faceted jug,

30 arabesques and moresques, 77,

88, 89, 111 arcaded silver, 145 Arcadius, 30, 32 Archambo I, Peter, 134 Arcisate hoard, 21 Ardagh chalice, 42, 44, 166 Arequipa Cathedral tabernacle,

183 Arfes, Enrique (Heinrich), 65 Armand.Calliat, Joseph, 170 Armand·Calliat, Thomas.Joseph,

170 Armstead, Henry Hugh, 161, 165 Arnulf, Bishop, 52 Arnulf, King of Carinthia,

ciborium, 50 Art Deco and after (1920-60),

157, 197- 211; Britain, 204- 6; France, 198, 200- 1; Scandinavia and Georg Jensen, 207- 11; stylistic development, 198- 9; Switzerland and italy, 211; USA, 211

Artiaco Tomb, Cumae, 12 art ichoke dish (Fox), 159 Artiukhov's Barrow, Taman, 20 Art Nouveau, 163, 167, 171,

171- 2,173,174,175,179,182, 183,185,187,189,191,198; whiplash curves of, 164, 171, 172

Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, 164

Arts and Crafts Movement, 157, 163, 164-5, 171, 174, 194, 197, 199,204, 21l, 217; 1917 Exhibition, 165

Arts and C rafts Society, 194 Art Workers' Guild, 164 Ashbee, Charles Robert, 164,

166,174,180,191,199,217, 218

Ashforth, George, 147 'Asian' silver, 19 Asprey's of London, 209, 214 Asquith, Brian, 213, 214 assay, methods of, 240;

cupellation, 237, 240; heat test, 240; touchstone, 240; volumetric (filtration), 240; see also hall marks

assiettes potagiers, 103 Athelstane, King, SO Attalus III of Pergamum, 19, 21 Attic black.glazed pottery, 15, 17 Aubert, Ange·Joseph, 143 Audran, C laude, 100 Augsberg silverwork, 77, 117,

119-20, 154; baroque, 95, 97, 101, 106, 107, 107- 9; clocks, 95, 107-8; embossed and engraved, 119-20; furniture, 107, 107; hallmarks, 239;

INDEX lobed tankard (Kusel), 97; Mannerist, 84, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89; rococo, 152, 152, sculptural silver, 119; toilet services, 108-9

Augustan silver, 22-3 Auguste family, 216 Auguste, Henri, 143, 144, 145,

158, 167, 189 Auguste, Robert.Joseph, 143-4,

145, 154; Creutz dinner service, 143, 144, 144

Augustus, Roman Emperor, 23, 41

Augustus I, ):Iector of Saxony, Kunstkammer of, 86

Augustus II the Strong, Elector of Saxony ,' 119, 120,217

auricular style, 93, 95-7, 97, 98, 114, 115, 116, 132

Austrian silver (Austro~ Hungary), 152, 175, 'l77, 178, 178-81, 239; Wiener Werkstatte, 179, 180- 1, 198, 198, 203, 205

automata, 107-8; see also clocks Aveiro, Duke of, 127, 128 Avignon medieval plate, 61 Avila, Daniel, 195

B Baardt, Claes, 98, 113 Bachelet, Georges, 170 Bachelet, L., 170 " Bachelier, Jean·Jacques, 145 Bachruch of Budapest, 179 Backworth hoard, mirror from,

28 bagatelles (toys), 111 Baier, Melchior, 74, 78, 78, 80 Bailey & Co. of Baltimore, 190 Bailly, Antoine, 130 Baily, Edward Hodges, 159, 160 Baker, Oliver, 164 Ball, Tompkins & Black of New

York, 190 Ballana, picture dish from, 32 Ballin, Claude, 100, 107, 112 Ballin, Claude II, the Younger,

100, 127 Baltic silver, 153 Baltimore, 189, 190, 191 Balzac, Edme·Pierre, 130, 142 Banneville, Joly de, 168 Barbedienne, Ferdinand, 170 Barberini, Cardinal Antonio, 109 Barberini, Cardinal Francesco,

109 Barberini tomb, Praeneste, 10, 11 Barbican 'Young Blood'

exhibition, 215 Barcelona silver, 65, 122, 183 Barchi, Lodovico, 109 Bardedienne, Ferdinand, 169 Barillari, Domenico, 182 Barkentin & Krall of Regent St.,

163 Barnard & Sons, Edward, 159,

159, 165, 166, 185 Barnard, J. & W., 164 Baroque silver, 95- 123, 136, 169;

architectural influence, 99-100; auricular style, 95- 7, 114, 115, I 16; Berain and his followers, 100- 1; chinoiserie and the plain style, 102; Dutch, 101, 106, 113-15; English, 109, 115-16,162; floral.foliate style, 98; French, 98, 99-100, 102- 4, 112- 13, 141 , 169; German, 107- 9, 117- 20; Italian, 101 - 2, 109- 12; 19th· century revival, 176, 179, 182, 184, 185, 190, 195; North American, 123; Russian, 120-22; silver furniture and clocks, 107- 8; Spain and Portugal, 122- 3; table services and drinking vessels, 102- 6; toilet services, 108- 9

Barrau, Etienne, 130 Barriere, Jean.Joseph, 145

Barrio, Antonio Martinez, 182 Bartalesi, Urbano, 109 Bartermann, Johann 1,107,107 Baschova Mogila tumulus,

Duvanli, 13, 13, 15 Basle Cathedral altar, 39 bas·relief, see relief Bastin, Jean.Nicholas, 145 Bateman, Hester, 147 Bateman II, William, 159 Battista, Giovan and Luigi, 182 Battle Abbey phylacteries, 47 Batum medallion dish, 27 Bauhaus, 178, 203, 203, 207 Baur, Tobias, 106, 109, 119 Baxendale, R.G., 205 beakers, 71, 89,105,114,123,

154; Burgundian, 64, 65; communion (Boelen), 123; Graeco·Roman, 25, 29; Sea Beaker, 197; 16th·century, 69, 70,71,71,73

Becker, Edmond, 171 Becker, Friedrich, 221.2, 222 Beckford, William, 145, 160, 168 Begeer, Carel J.A ., 174 Begeer of Utrecht, 173-4 Beguines, ciborium for chuch of,

114 Behrens, Peter, 177, 178 Beigersen, Berger, 2 I 8 Belem Monstrance, Lisbon, 63 Belgian silver, 172, 174-5, 239;

see also Flemish; Netherlands Belgian Yacht Club trophy

(Du four), 174 Bella, Stefano della, Raccolta di

Vasi diversi, 142, 142, 148, 150 Bellaigue, Geoffrey de, 136 Bellezza, Giovanni, 182 Belli, Giovacchino, 181 Belli, Vincenzo, 130, 184 Benedict XIV, Pope, 109 Bennati, J., 182 Bennet, Thomas, of Dublin, 166 Bennewitz, Diederik L.N., 173 Bennewitz & Zonon, l73 Benney, Gerald, 198, 199, 206,

207,214,216,217- 18, 220 Benson, Henry, 160 Benson, J.W., 160 Berain, Jean, Berainesque style,

LOO, 100- 1, 101, 109, 113, 114, 154

Berengar, provost of Fosse church, 48

Berg Abbey gold cross and altar, 52

Berkeley dinner service, 131 Berlin Castle, buffet of plate, 119 Berlin silver, 175, 175, 176 Bernadotte, Count Sigvard, 208 Bernadotte, Prince, 184 Bernardini tomb, Praeneste, 10,

11, 11, 12 Bernini, Gianlorenzo, 101, 109 Bernward, Bishop of Hildesheim,

56 Berry, Jean, Duke of, Royal Gold

Cup of, 61, 63, 65 Berthouville Treasure, 22, 24- 5,

26,27, 28; Hunting Dish, 25, 26, 27

Besnier, Nicolas, 127, 130, 131 Beverly Minster, 51 Biedermeier style, 175, 177, 178,

180 Biennais, Auguste and Martin~

Guillaume, 167 Biller, Johann Jakob, 101 Biller, John Ludwig 11, 107, 119 Bindesb01, Thorvaid, 187 Bing, Samuel, 177, 194 Birks & Sons, Henry, 195 Birmingham Assay Office, 234,

234, 235, 235 Birmingham Guild of Handicraft,

164 Birmingham silver, 148, 149, 157,

158, 164, 165, 166, 191, 204 Black, Andrew, of A1loa, 165 Blake, William, 171 Blasio, Andrea de, 112

· INDEX · 249

Blavier, Balduino, 109 Boberg, Ferdinand, 185 Bodendick, Jacob, 116 Boelen, Jakob, 123 Bogaert, Thomas, 114 Bohle, Peter, 195 Bohm, Hermann, of Vienna, 179 Boileau, J ., 158 Boin.Tabaret, 171, 172 Bojesen, Kay, 208-9 Bolscna perfume vase and pyxis,

18,20 bombillas (sipping tubes), 195 Bondonneau ear·handled dish, 27 Bonnestrenne, Pierre~Fran~ois,

128 Bos, Cornelis, 134 Boscoreale Treasure , 17,22,23,

24; Africa dish, 23, 24 Boso of Burgundy, 47 Bossard, Johann Kat!, 172, 181 Boston, 123, 189, 194, 224; Arts

and Crafts Society, 194 Bostwick, Zalmon, 190, 190 Botticelli, Sandro, The Wedding

Feast of Nastagio deg/i Onesti, 68, 68

Boucher, Fran,ois, 132, 134 Boucheron, Frederic, 172 Boucheron's of Paris , 214 Bouilhet, Henri, 167 Boullier, Antoine, 145 Boulsover, Thomas, 148, 226 Boulton, Matthew, 149, 150,

158, 235 Bouvier, Mathieu, 130 Bowes Cup (1554), 91 Bowring, Or, 160-1 boxes: Benney's, 216; Dutch cake

and biscuit, 152; Michael Rowe's, 219, 220; pyx, 44-5; pyxides, 18, 21, 23, 23, 26; Roman jewellery, 23; Russian, 153,188; snuff, 141, 145, 148; spice, 108, 131; wafer, 219

Boyle, Henry, 105, 105 Boyvin, Rene, 77 bracelets, 201, 208; see also

jewellery Brahe, Tycho, 88 brancard (stand), 100 Brandenburg, Frederick, Elector

of, 117, 119 Brandt, Marianne, 203; teapot

with strainer, 203, 203 Brandt, Paul, 201, 201 brandy bowls, Dutch, 113, 114,

123, 174 Brateau, Jules, 171, 172 bratina, 120 breakfast services, 190 Breant, Vincent, 145 Brechtel, Hans Conraet, 108 Bridge, John, 159, 159 Britain, see English, Irish,

Scottish silver Britannia Company of Meriden,

193-4 Britannia marks, 235, 235, 236 Britannia metal (pewter), 226 Brithnoth, first abbot of Ely, 50 British Airways silver, 214 British Hallmarking Council, 216 Broom Hall, Melior's factory,

218, 220 Brown, Edward Charles, 165 Bruckmann, P., & Sohne, 176 Bruges silver, 76, 77, 88, 114,

239 Brugger, Ludwig Friedrich, 181 Brunelleschi, 67, 83 Brunetti, Gaetano , 133, 134 Brunhild, Queen of Ausrrasia, 38 Brunswock, H., 110 Brussels silver, 114, 174, 174,

175 Bruynes, Bourdon de, 174 Bryant, William Cullen, 193 Bryant Vase, Titfany's

electrotype copy of, 193 Bucchero pottery, I 1, 13 Bugatti, Carlo, 182 Burch.Korrodi, Meinrad, 211

250 . HISTORY OF SILVER .

Burch-Korrodi of Zurich, 218 Cavalier, A.-L.-M., 167 Christofle, Paul, 170 Corinth, la, 10, 13 134, 136, 137, 138, 216; Burdett, Sir Robert, [48 Cavalier, Pierre-Jules, [69 Christofle et Bouilhet, 170 Cornman, Philip, 159 covered cups, 125, 132, 133; Burges, William, 162, 163 Caylus, Comte de, 141, [45, 148 Christofle et Cie, 200, 20[, 213 Coronation Cup, 160 inkstand, 137 Burleigh ciborium, 44 celestial globe (Emmoser), 88, 88 Church/Christian plate, [22, 130, Corporal of Bolsena, reliquary Delapierre, Michel II , 130 Bursa, Roman toilet silver from, Cellini, Benvenuto, 67, 74, 81, 152; Byzantine, 32, 33, 34~5; of, 59, 61 Delaunay, Nicolas, [03, 1 [2

23-4 83, 152, [6[, 164, 182, 215; early, 40~6; gospel books, 49, Corpus basin, 77 Dell, Christian, 203 Burron, jocelyn, Epithalamium gold salt-cellar, 81, 83 49, 50, 50, 52, 55, 56; Gothic, Cortelazzo, Antonio, 182 Della Porta, Gugliemo, [09

Cup, 216 Celtic~revival wares, 166; see also 57, 58, 59, 59; medieval chapel cosmetic pots /sets, 23, 28 Oeles Treasure Lists, 13

Butterfield, William, 163 Middle Ages plate, 50~ [; medieval church cosse de pais ('pea-pod' style), 98, Deloye, French sculptor, 179 Byzantine Psaltery, illuminated, Cennini, Cennino, 215 plate, 51~3, 62; 19th-century, 120 Delphi treasury, 9~ 1O

35 censers, 34~5, 46, 50, 5 [, 52, 58 160,163 , 174,176,179,183, Cotterill, Edmund, 160 Demetrias, box mirror from , 19 Byzantine silver, 37,61,62, 120; Central and South America, 7, 195j reliquaries, shrines and Coulanges, Marquis de, 102 'Design in Scandinavia'

cloisonne enamel, 37; early, 183, 195 statues, 4 7~50; 17th-century Council of Rheims (867),47 exhibition (1954~7), 208 33~5; gold cup, 9; portable centrepieces, see table chapel plate, lIS; see also Coupe de Charlemagne, 45 Desny,201 triptychs, 41 ~2 centrepieces altars; gospel-books; Court silver, 115; Mannerist, 88, Desportes, Alexander, 127

Cesena, Roman dishes from, 30 reliquaries; shrines 9[,92; Renaissance, 70, 72~4 , dessert stands, rococo, 185

C Chadwick, William, 185 Churchill, Jesse, 189 74, 75; see also Royal Deutsche Werkbund, 177 , 178 Chalecote Cup, 77 ciborium (ciboria), 41, 43, 45, 50, Collection 203 '

Cabrero, Pablo, [83 chalices, 34, Ill, 163; Antioch, 73, 7~ 11~ 183, 206 COllsinet, Ambroise~Nicolas, 128 Deutsche Werkstatte, 177

caddinet, see nefs Cl cadenas 32, 34; Ardagh, 42, 44, 166; cigarette ca~e, 201, 201 COllsinet, Henri~Nicolas, 128 Deville, Claude-Pierre, 142

Cahier, Jean-Charles, 168, 170 Byzantine, 32, 34; Canadian ciphus (silvor bowl), 37 Cousinet, Jean-Fran,ois, 99, 99, Devlin, Stuart, 205, 206 , 219,

Cahier, R.P., 170 18th-century, 155; Dolgelly, cisterns, watrer, 105, 115 112 221

Calafat, Roman cups from, 23 42; English 20th-century, 207; Civita Castellana, 13, 18, 19~20 COllsinet, Rene, 112 De V ries, Hans V redeman, 84

Calverley toilet service, 109 Gothic, 58, 59, 59; Louis Claeissens, Antoon, 77; Feast, 67, Coventry Cathedral (new), De Witt Clinton urns, 1 89~90

Cambridge Camden Society, 163 XVI's coronation, 143; 70 Benney ciborium for, 206 d'Hancarville, Collection of

cameos, 38, 43, 73, 148 medieval, 40, 42~3, 44, 45, 49, Clairmarais processional cross, Crafts Council, Britain, 218 Etruscan, Greek and Roman

Camp ana Collection of Classical 50, 51, 52, 52, 56; Mexican, 58 cream boat, creamers, 138, 192 Antiquities, 147, 148, 149, 159

antiquities, 170 122; ministerial, 42, 44; claret jugs, 176 cream jugs, 137, 150, 151,195 Diana Cup (c. 1610), 93

Campanian hoards, 20, 22 d'Oignies, 52, 56; Pope Clazomenae, treasury of, 10 Crespel, Sebastian and James, Diana Dish (4th-century), 32, 33 ., Campion Cup, 70~ 1 Nicholas IV's, 59, 59; Pope Clement VIII, Pope, 81 146-7 Didron's Annates Archeoiogiques,

Canadian silver, 155, 155, 194~5, Pius IX's, 169; Pugin's , 160, Clement X, Pope, 109, 113 Crespin, Paul, 131, 132, 136, 137 170

195, 239; see also United States 163; St Denis altar, 45; Tassilo, Clement XI, Pope, 109 Cressner Cup, 71 die-stamping, 70, 148, 149, [57,

candelabra: Andreason's, 209; 44; Wilten, 43, 44 clocks and watches, 107~8, 119; Crete, 9 167, 186, 226, 230, 230

Asquith's, 213; Ballin's, 127; Chambers, Sir William, 147, 149 Alenstetter's, 88; altar, 108; Creutz, Count de, 154; dinner Digby, Lord, 148

Duguesnoy and Lair's, 119; champleve enamel, see enamel ! baroque, 95, 107~8, 119; service of, 143, 144, 144 Dinglinger, Johann Melchior,

Germain's gold sunflower, chandeliers, 46, 99, 107; see also I Brechtel's, 108; Jensen's, 198; Cromwell, Oliver, 116 120, 216

127; neoclassical, 142, 143, candelabra; candlesticks mirror, 108; rococo, 134, 136; Croyland abbey chapel plate, 50 dinner services: Augsburg, 152;

146; 19th-century, 162, 163, Chandeliers de Sculptures en table, 108, 119; Teller, 108; crucifixes/crosses, 35, 41, 43, 47, Berkeley, 131; Creutz, 143,

171,183,187,189,195; see Argent (Meissonier), [26 Thelott's, 95 50,51,52,57,58, 109, 114; 144, 144; Germain's (for

also candlesticks Chaourse Treasure, 24, 25, 25, c/oisonne enamel, ·-see enamel Lothair Cross, 41,43; Czarina Elisabeth), 128;

candle cups, 105 26,27, 28, 29 Coates, Kevin, 219 Pollaiuolo great altar cross, 68; Leinster Service, 151; Orlov,

candlestands, 107, 107, 119 Charlemagne, 45, 53, 53 Cochin, Charles Nicolas, 141 Romanesque cross ... foot, 43 142~3, 143; see also table

candlesticks, 116; altar, 80, 81, Charles I, King of England , 73, Cochin, Nicolas, 98 cruets, cruet sets, 50, 51, 52, 130, services

112; auricular style, 97; 95, 115 Codex Aureus (gospel book), 50 150, 154, 174; see also mustard; dish ... covers, rococo, 128, 129,

baroque, 97, 101, 103, 108, Charles II, King of England, 95, Codman, William c., 188, 191 pepper; salts 130 109, 111, 113, 116, 123; 98, 107, 116 coffee machine, Mayerhofer, Cruickshank, Robert, 195 dish rings, 103

Byzantine, 34; medieval, 45~6, Charles IV, Emperor, 46, 57 177, 178 Cunningham, W.P. & Co., 165 Ditchling workshops, 217

50,51,52,53; neoclassical, Charles V, King of France, 63 coffee pots/services: neoclassical, cupellation, 7, 233, 234; method Ditzel, Nann, 210

142, 143, 146, 146~7, 148; Charles IX, King of France, 73 147,148; 19th-century, 164, of assay, 237, 240 Dixon, A.S., 164

rococo, 126, 127, 131, 136, Charles X, King of France, 167, 171,171,172,176,182,184, Curran, John T., 193, 193 Dixon, James, of Sheffield , 213

151,151, 195 170 185,185, 186, 191, 192, 194; cutlery: medieval, 53~4, 55; d'Oignies, Hugo (Tresor

Canetonium, Temple of Charles X, King of Sweden, 120 rococo, 128, 134, 150, 151, Melior's, 218, 220; 17th- d'Oignies), 56; chalice, 52, 56;

Mercury, 24 Charles XI , King of Sweden, 120 153, 154; 17th-century, 106, century (baroque), 102, 103, evangelaire, 55, 56; rib of St

Canons Ashby silver, 216~ 17 Charles the Bald, 41, 65 108; 20th-century, 205, 206, 104, 108, 114; 20th-century, Peter reliquaTjC, 56

Canoscio, silver from, 29, 31, 34 chasing, 39, 74,83,91,102,111, 211,217 218, 220, 222; see also forks; Dolgelly chalice and paten, 42

Canova, Antonio, 181 113,166,171,179,205,231, coffee urns, 15[, 190 knives; spoons dolphin motif, IS, 128, 133, 1361

Cap Chenoua, 33 231; flat chasing, 102,150, coffee, floral-foliate style, 98, 98 Cumer, Bernard, 164,217,231 137, 151

capsae (portable reliquaries), 41 231; Graeco-Roman, 17, 20, Coffin, Edmund, 136 Cymric Silver, Liberty's, 164, Domingo, Abbot, chalice of, 44

Cardeilhac, 198, 200 21,22, 27,31,33; Mannerist, coinage, silver, 234 165, 199 Domitius Polygnos, M., 24

Carey, A.A., 194 84, 86, 89; rococo (l8th- Coiny, Mathieu, 145 Cyprus Treasure: First, 34~5; Donatello, 215 Carolingian period, 38, 43, 50, century), 125, 134, 136, 138; Coker, Ebenezer, 149 Second, 32, 35 Donskoi, Duke Dmitri, 188

SI; church and chapel plate, see also embossing; repousse Coke, Lady Mary, 152 Czechoslovak hallmarks, 239 dossals, altar, 41, 51, 52, 63

49,50,51; secular plate, 52, 53 Chasse de St Romain, Rouen, 57 Colars de Douai, goldsmith, 57~ Czeschka, Carl Otto, 180 drageoirs (sweetmeat bowls), 53

Carpenter, Charles H., Qorham Chattuzange Treasure, 26, 28 8 Dragman, Johan, 105

Silver, 190--91 cheese scoop (Gorham), 192 Cole, Henry, 161~2, 170, 173 D Dragsted of Copenhagen, 220

Carr, Alwyn, 165, 204 Chelsea Porcelain Factory, 136 Colin, Johan, 154 Drais, Pierre ... Fran<;ois, 145

Carrier-Belleuse, Albert, 171,172 Chenevard, Aime, 168 Collaert, Adrian, 84, 84, 85 Dachery, Adrien, 130 Drentwett, Philipp Jakob VI,

Carter, John, 146 Cheret, Jean-Baptiste-Fran,ois, collectorium, church, 52 Dadaleme, 13 107, 119 Carthage Treasure, 30, 31 144; Bensirnon tureen, 144; Colleoni, Bartolomeo, 109 dagger and sheath (Macdonald), Dresden silver, 86 , 120, 152

Cartier of Paris, 214 Narcissus ewer, 141; sauce Cologne Cathedral, shrine of the 224 Dresser, Dr Christopher, 162,

cartouches, rococo, 128, 132, boat and stand, 128 Three Kings, 47, 48, 56 dagger handle (Meilich), 86, 88 172,185,190,192 ,199,204;

133,134, 134, 151 Cheret, Louis ... Jean ... Baptiste, Cologne silver, 61, 77, 120, 177, Dahg, E.F., 187 aesthetic pieces, 164 Casa del Menandro treasure, Espirito Santo tureen, 144 178 Dagobert, King, 35, 39 Drewson, H.C., 187

Pompeii, 22, 23, 23, 24 Chertomlyk amphora, 15, 15 Colonial and Indian Exhibition, Dalhoff, Jorgen Balthasar, 187 drinking horns, 13, 13, 15, 18,

caskets: Jarnnitzer's jewel, 86; Chesneau, Aime, 160 London (1886), 184 damascening, silver, 44, 193 18,37,50, 53, 179, 185, 187 Mackintosh's, 165; Projecta chestnut puree vase, Dutch, 152 Combettes, 168 Danish silver, 153-4; Golden Dublin Assay Office, 236

marriage, 31, 33; reliquary, 34, chestnut vase and cover commemorative silver, English Altars of, 41; hallmarking, Dublin International Exhibitions

47,50,5[,52,58; sugar, 106; (Simons), 172, 172 20th-century, 205, 206 239; neoclassical, 154; 19th- (1853 and 1865), 166

Vergina Royal Tomb Il, 15, Chicago Arts and Crafts Society, communion beaker (Boelen), 123 century, 185, 186, 186, 187; Dublin silver, 42, 44, 165 , 166

16; wedding, [13 194 communion cups, 70, 105, 116; rococo, 153; 20th-century, 198, Dubois, Abraham, 155, 189

cassolettes (perfume burners), 103, Chicago Exhibition (l893), 189, North American, 123 198~9, 207~9, 220~1 Ducerceau, Jacques, 77, 100

143 193 communion flagons, neoclassical, Danzig goldsmiths, 120 Dufour, Jean, et Freres, 174, 174

Castellani, Fortunato Pio, 182, Chilperic, King, 38 147 Daphne by Antioch, 26, 27 Dune Treasure (Gotland), 55

232 Chinese porcelain, 102; silver ... Conca, Sebastiano, 109 Darmstadt silver, 177 Dunlop, Sybil, 204 Castellani tomb, Pr~eneste, 11 mounted, 92, 93, 162 Conde, Louis ... Henri de Bourbon, date letters (hallmarks), 234, 235, Durand, Antoine ... Sebastien,

casters, 70, 103,147, 154 chinoiserie, 102, 13 7~8, 152, 152 Prince de, 125 240 128~9, 142 casting, 31, 83, 86, 91,116,226, Chiusi, silver from, 12, 13, 19 condiment vases, 137 Daumy, Jacques, 145 Durand, Fran,ois, 168; Orleans

231; auricular style, 96- 7; cire ... chocolate pots/services, 106, 108, Coney, John, 106, 123 Davenport, Burrage, 148 Cup, 168 perdu process, 229; piece ... 128, 147 Congress of Vienna (1814), 175, David Plates, 32, 35 Durbin, Leslie, 204, 205, 217

mould, 228, 231; separate, 25~ Christesen, Vilhelm, 187 178, 181, 187 Dawson, Nelson and Edith, 165 Durer, Albrecht, 65, 67, 69, 93 6, 28; slush-casting, 228; solid, Christian IV, King of Denmark, Conques abbey church, Sainte Debonnaire, Girard, 112 Durham Cathedral, 52 25; techniques, 25~6, 228, 120 Foy reliquary statue, 48, 48~9 decanters, 162, 164, 185 Dusseldorf, 120, 221, 222 228~9 Christina, Queen of Sweden, Constans II, 35 Decker, Paul, [01 Dutalis, Joseph, 174

Catherine 11, Czarina of Russia, 1[7,120; tomb of, 109 Constantine, Emperor, 40 decoration, 231~2; applied, 232; Dutel, Jacques, 112 145, [53; dinner services, Christofle, Charles, 169~70, 171, Cooper, ].P., 165 integral, 231 duty drawback mark, 236 142~3 179; centrepiece 'Fire and Cooques, Jean-Gerard, 116 De Haas of Sneek, 174 duty mark, 236, 236; see also

catinae (silver dishes), 38-9 Water', 171; coffee-pot, 172, Copenhagen, 186, 186, 187, 220, Delafosse, 142, 143 hallmarks Caubiac Treasure, 27, 28 two-handled vase, 170 239 De Lamerie, Paul, 131~2, 133, Duvanli tumuli, 13, 13, 14, 15

E Eagle vase, 12th.century, 44, 45 Easter eggs, Devlin's, 219 Eckhoff, Tias, 209, 210 Eco le Gratuite de Dessin, Paris,

145 economics of silver industry,

213- 16 ecuelles, 53, 103, 108, 130, 152,

194 Edgar, King, 51 Edinburgh Assay Office, 234,

235, 235 Edinburgh silver, 165 Edward I, King of England, 234 Edward VII , King of England,

175 Egee, Gu illaume, 130 egg codd ler, 164 egg-cups, 108, 142, 145 'egg' phialai, 24 Eisenloeffel, jan, 174 Elagabalus, Emperor, 27 Eleanor of Aquitaine, 45 electroplate, 160, 163, 166, 169-

170, 176, 178, 187, 188, 191, 197, 199,204,214,2 16; Sandoz teapot, 199; 'Sphere' tea serv ice, 211

electroprocessing, 171, 176 electrotyping or e lectroforming,

173,175,193,221,224,224, 226

electrum, 7 Elena, M., 183 Elizabeth , Czarina of Russia, 128 Elizabeth I, Queen of England,

89,90- 91 Elizabeth II , Queen, 205, 236 Elizabeth the Queen Mother, 205 Elkington's of Birmingham (G.R.

Elkington & Co.), 160, 163, 166,168,170,191,192,193, 204,213, 226

Ely Abbey, 50, 52 email en ronde bosse, see enamel Emanuel, Harry, 159, 160 emblemata, emblema dishes, 20,

23,24, 27, 28; Africa dish, 23, 24

embossing, 37, 39,47, 49,65,81, 89,166,231; 19th-century, 161,161,17 1,182, 184; 17th­century (baroque), 95, 95, 96, 97,98, 108, 113, 114, 115 , 116, 119, 123; see also repousse

Emmoser, Gerhard, celestial globe, 88, 88

enamel, enamelling, 45 , 56, 73, 98, Ill, 11 9, 134, 153, 165, 232; baroque, 98, 109, 1 LO, 111 , 11 9, 120; champleve, 37, 40,57, 160,232; cloisonne, 37, 41,41 , 44 , 49,49,53,57,62 , 171 ,232; emaif en ronde bosse, 64, 65; filigree, 120, 122; Mannerisr, 86, 88i medieval, 37,37,39, 40, 41 , 42,44, 49, 53,56,57,62; 19th-century, 167,168,171, In , 173, 175 , 179,188, 189,193; painted, 65,122; plique-a-jour, 171, I n, 184, 186, 187,232; Renaissance, 68, 78, 80; translucent, 59, 59, 109, 110, 232; 20th-century, 216, 217, 217,218; in white en camaieu, 65

Engelbrecht, johann, 119 English/British silver, 69, 197;

Anglo-Saxon, 50, 51, 52; art schools, 215, 217; auricular style, 96, 115, 11 6; chinoiserie, 102, 137- 8; French artists and craftsmen in, 160, 161 , 162 , 168; Gothic, 58, 65; hall marking and assaying, 234-6, 239, 240; Huguenots in, 102, 112, 114, 1I5, 116, 131-2, 136; Mannerist, 89- 93; Medievalists, 163, 164; neoclassical, 146- 50, 162, 163; 19th-century, 157- 66, 170, 174; plain style, 102, 115, 116; 'Queen Anne', 102, 131, 163; Renaissance, 70- 71, n -3, 73, 74,75, 76-7, 77, 78; revived styles in 19th-century, 158-60,

162,163, 165- 6,168,173; rococo, 125, 131-3, 134, 136-9; 17th-century, 101, 102, 105, L05, 106, 107, 109, Ill, 115-16, 117; Sheffield plate, 145, 148- 9, 154, 157- 8,160, 169, 174, 175, 179, 185-6, 186, 187, 188, 189, 204, 225-6; silver furniture, 107, 116; s ilver~ mounted, 92, 92- 3; 20th­century, 199, 204- 6, 206- 7, 214,2 15 ,216-19,220,220, 221; see also Irish silver; Scottish silver

engraving, 11, 65, 70, 74, 83, 89, 9 1, 102, 105,23 1; baroque, 105, Ill , 113, 114, 11 9- 20, 123; bright cut, 148, 155; electrically,powered, 171; Greek, 14- 15; medieval, 37, 39- 40,44,49,56- 7; 20th­century, 204, 205,218, 219; se, also niello

epergnes, 104, 138, ISO, 164 Epistles, med ieval books of the,

49 Epithalamium Cup (Burron),

216 Ernest-Augustus, Duke of

Cumberland , 143 Escorial Palace, 93, 122 Esq uiline Treasure, 30, 31, 32,

33, 34; Projecta Casket, 31, 33 Essen Cathedral, Golden

Madonna, 48, 49 'Estro' sauce jug (Sabattini), 222 Etruscan si lver, 10- 13, 11- 12,

142, 162, 170 Eugenie, Empress, 170 Euticius Dish, 31 Evangeliaire de Metz, 49, 49 Evallgeliaire d'Oignies, 55, 56 Evelyn, john, 107 Everard of Friuli, Count , 50, 53 Evesham Abbey, St Egwin's

shrine, 52 ewers and basins: Archduchess

Adelaide's, 182; Auguste's, 145; auricular style, 95, 96; Charlemagne' s, 53, 53; Herrera-style, 91, 93; Jamnitzer's, 86, 87; Lutma's plain style, 102; Mannerist, 82, 83- 4, 84, 86, 87, 93; martele silver (Cod man), 188; medieval, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 53, 56, 59; Merizel's, LOI; Mermaid ewer, 92; Mostyn, 76, 76, 77, 88; Narcissus ewer (Cheret), 141, neoclassical, 142,145, 147; Paris, 59; Ratzdorfer's, 180; rococo, 129, 130,132- 3, IJ3, I4I, 154, 179; 17th-century (baroque), 95, 95, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 108, Ill, 112, 117; 16th­century, 76, 76, 77,91,92; Spanish 16th-century, 91, 93, 93; van Vianen 's, 95, 96, 97; Wyndham, 91, 91; see also toilet services

Eworth, Hans, Cobham Family Portrait, 71

F Faberge, Gustav, 188, 188, 189 ,

217, 219 Faesch-Glaser, johan Rudolf, 71 Falconet, Etienne-Maurice, 143 Falize, And re, Lucerne goblet,

I n Falize, Lucien, 171 , In , 193 fan brooch (Fisch), 2 I 4 Fanniere brothers, 168, 169, 170,

171 fans, Byzantine, 34, 35 Faraori of Florence, 182 Far Eastern silver, 214 Farnham, Paulding, Adams Vase,

193 Farrell, Edward, 158, 159 Farrell, Terry, 223 Fauche, Jean, 130 Fauconnier, ]acques~Henri , 168 Faydherbe, Luc, IJ6 Fedor Alexeivich, Tzar, 121 Fellowes, W illiam, 148

Fenton, Matthew, 147 Ferdinand II , Archdu ke, 73 Ferdinand VII , King of Spain ,

183 Fereon, Mollenborg, 185 Festival of Brirain (1951), 199,

205, 205, 206 Feuchere, Jean-Jacques, 169 Feuillatre, Eugene, I n filigree, 37- 8, 44, 47, 48, 49, 56,

89, 108, II I , 120, 122, 153, 173, 178, 182, 183, 184, 195, 219,232

finishing, 230- 31 Finnish si lver, 207, 208, 220,

239, 240 Fiorentino, Rosso, 77 firedogs, 107 lire-gilding, 230-31 fire screens, 107, 119 Fisch, Arline S., 214, 215 Fischer, August, 176 Fisher, Alexander, 165 Fisker, Kay, 207 Flachat, Stephane, 167 flagons, 70, 90, 91, 92, 93, 147 fla sks, 30, 35; Froment-

Meurice's, 169; perfume, 18, 20; pilgrim , 103, 104, 11 9

flatware, 193,201,206,209,210, 211

Flavigny Abbey, 51 Flaxman, john, 159, 161,

National Cup, 159 Fleming, Sir james, 165 Flemish silver, 174; Renaissance,

67,70, 73, 74, 76, 77, 83, 89, 91,93; in Rome, 109; see also Belgium; Netherlands

Fletcher, Thomas,'·189, 190 Flockinger, Gerda, 215 floral-foliate style, 97, 98, 98,

114,1 16,122, 123, 127 Floreffe Abbey Polyptyque, 58 Florentine silver , 63, 65, 68, 71,

83, 110-11, 142, 182 Floris, Cornelis, 9 I , 95 fly punching technique , 149 Fogelberg, Andrew, 148, 184 Foggini, Giovanni Battista, 11 0,

III Folger Coffee Silver Collection,

IJ3 Folker, Gustav R. Theodor, 185 fon11s: Cousinet's baptismal, 99,

99; English Royal, 98 Fontaine, Pierre, 167, 189 Fontainebleau school, 83 Fontana, Carlo , 109 Fontanelles Abbey, 51, 53 Fonthill Abbey, Beckford

collection , 145 footless bowls, Hellenistic, 18,

19- 20 Fordham, Montague, 165 Foreningen Brukskunst, Norway,

207 Forester Testimonial , design for,

165 forks, 53, 70, 103, 104 Formey, jean, 145 fo rming techniques, 228-3 I ;

casting, 228-9; raising, 229; sinking or die-stamping, 230; spinning, 230

Forte, Emilio, 182 Fothergill, john, 150 fountains, fountain sculptures,

104, 115, 11 6, 136 Fouquet, jean, 20 I Fox, Charles Thomas, 159 Fox, George, 159 Fraget, J. and A., of Warsaw,

188 Francis I, King of France, n, 77 ,

81,83,87; ciborium of, 73, 74 Francosi, Giuseppe, Shield , 181,

182 Frankfurt silver, 77, 152, 175 Fram josef, Emperor, 178, 179 Frederick I1 , Emperor, 51 Frederick Barbarossa, Emperor,

54 Frederick Louis, Prince of

Wales, IJ6- 7, 146 'free-form ' style, 199, 20 1, 208,

209 Fremin, jean, 145

French silver, 63, 69, 96; Art Deco, 198,200-1; Art Nouveau, 171, 171- 2; baroque (17th-century), 98, 99- 100, 100, 102-4, 107, 108, 11 2-13, 114,116, II9, 141 ; electro­plated, 169-70; le genre pittoresque (rococo), 125- 31, 133, IJ4, 139, 141 , 167, 169, 171 ; Gothic, 61, 63- 5; hallmarking and assaying, 234, 236- 8, 239 , 240; Huguenot goldsmiths in exile, 102, I I 2-13, 114,115, 11 6,131- 2,136; Mannerist, 83, 93; med ieval, 38- 65 passim; neoclassicism, 141 - 5,166- 7, 168, 170; 19th­century, 166--72; Renaissance secular plate, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77; table services, 102-4; 20th­century, 198, 199, 199, 200- 2

Friedrich W ilhelm Ill , King of Prussia, 175

Friedrich W ilhelm IV, King of Prussia, 175, 175

Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, Prince, 176

Friend, George, 197 Friis, Tore Andreas, 154 Froboss, Yuri, 121 Froment~Meurice, Franc;ois ...

Desire, 169, 169, 179 Froment~Meurice, P.~H. Em ile,

169, 170, I n frontals, altar, 41 ,51,52,53,61;

St James the Apostle's (Pistoia), 61; San Gennaro, Naples, 112; Seville Cathedral, Capilla Real, 122; SS Annunziata, Florence, 110

frosted silver, 176 fruit basket, Wiener Werkstatte,

179 fruit bowls, 119, 186 fru it stands, 157, 184 Fuller, Brian, 218 functionalism, 162, 197, 204,

207, 208, 210 furnaces: crucible melting~, 227;

muffle-, 227, 232 fu rniture, silver, 107, L07, 112 ,

116, 201, 211; ebonized, 107 Fuster, V., 195

G Gaab, George Danie, 136 gadroons, gadrooning, 55, 116,

145 Gaillard , Lucien, 179 galena, 7 garales, 53 Gardiner, Sydney, 189, 190 Gamier , David, 116 Garrard's of London, 160, 163,

167, 183, 199,205,206,214 Garrhorne, George, 106 Gaskin , Arthur, 165 gas torches, 227 Gastrell, john , 136 Gaudernack, Gustav, 187 Gaudi y Cornet, Antonio, 183 Gay-Lussac, Louis-joseph, 240 Gebelein, George Christian , 194 Gebriider, Deyhle, 185 Gegenreiner, Franz Xavier, 95 Geislingen electroplated silver,

176, 178 Gely, Marc and Charles, 18 1 gemmarii, 38, 53 . Gem Montebello, Milan, 223 gems, ge m-setting, 73, 119, 148;

medieval, 38, 39, 41 , 44, 47 , 49, 52-3, 65

Genoese silver, 109, 152, 182 le genre pittoresque, see rococo,

French Gense factory, Eskilstuna, 2 IJ Gentile, Antonio, 80, 81, 109 Geoffroy-Dechaumes, 169 George n, King of England , 107 George Ill , King of England, 143,

146, 157, 158 George IV, King of England, 143 ,

159-60 George V, King and Queen

Mary, Silver jubilee (1935), 236

· INDEX · 251

George VI, King of England, 205 George, jean, 145 Geram, Baron ] .]., workshops,

179 Germain , Fran<;ois-Thomas, 127-

8, 130, 142, 144, 151, 152, 154 Germain, Pierre, IJO- I, 134, 137 Germain , Thomas, 109, 127, 128,

129, 130, 131, 136, 15 2 German silver: auricular style,

96; baroque, 95, 97, 105, L07, 107- 8, I 17- 20; Bauhaus, 203, 203, 207; Berainesque style, 10 1; fl oral-foliate style, 98; Gothic, 59, 65, 69; hallmarks, 239, 239; Huguenot craftsmen, 11 3; Mannerism, 83, 84, 84, 85, 85- 9, 93; medieval church plate, 43, 44, 49, 52; 19th­century, 175, 175- 7; Renaissance, 69,70,71-2,74, 74,77- 81, 78,80; rococo and neoclassical, 152 , 175; silver furniture, 107, L07; toi let serv ices, 108- 9; 20th-century, 177- 8, 199,203,203,221- 2, 222

Ghent, 114, 174; 1913 Exhibition, 165

Ghiberti, 215 Ghisi, Giorgio, 86 Giancarli , Polililo, 98 Giardini da Forli, Giovanni , 109,

109; Disegni Diversi, 101 - 2 Gilbert, Alfred, 164 Gil bert, Stephen, 148 Gil bert, Wally, 217 gilding, silver-gilt, 31, 56, 68, 73, 8~ 8~ 167, 168, 16~ 23~ burnished gold leaf, 230; mercury- or fire-gilding, 230- 1; parcel-gilt, 20, 41, 77, 88, L05, 109, II9, 160, 174,205

Gill , Eric, 217 Giotto,83 Gips, Professor A.F., 174 Gisela, gold cross of, 43 Glasgow Assay Office, 235 Glasgow School of Art, 165 Glasgow silver, 165 Glastonbury Abbey, 51 Glaukos of Chios, 10 Gleadowe, R.M.Y., 197,204 Gloucester candlestick, 45-6 Gobelins manufactory, 99, 112;

tapestries, 100, L03 Gobert, A.-T., 169 Godefroy de Huy, 54, 56 Gogel, l.j .A., In , 172 gold: alloys, 7, 225; native, 7;

wrought and cast, 7 Golden Altars of Denmark, 41 Golden Madonna, Essen, 48, 49 Goldenes Rosse/ of Altotting, 64,

65 Goldsmiths and Silversmiths

Company, 163, 164, 214 Goldsmiths' College, 184 Goldsmiths Company, London,

59,89- 90, 116, 199, 204, 205, 217; assaying and hallmarking, 234- 5; 'Ceremonial Plate by Contemporary Craftsmen' (1951), 206; 'Modern British Silver' (1939), 205- 6; Order for the Masterpiece (1607), 90; The Trial of the Pyx, 234

Goldsmiths Company of Dublin , 236

Goldsmiths Hall , London, lIS, 136,205,206,215,217,219, 235

Goliach,I21 Go lyamata Mogila tumulus,

Duvanli, 14 Gomez, L., 183 Goodden, Robert, 204, 205, 205 Goodrow & jenks of Boston,

194 Goodwood Cup, 161 Gord ion, Achaemenid deep bowl

from, 18 Gorham, Jabez, 190 Gorham, john, 190 Gorham Manufacturing Co.

(Gorham Plate Co.), Providence, R.l., 163, 188, 189,190- 1,192,193,2 11 ,213

252 . HISTORY OF SILVER .

Goritza, toilet silver from, 21 gospel-books (evangeliaires), 39,

40,49,49,49-50,50, 52, 55, 56

Gospel cover, Kremlin, 121 Gothic style, 41,43,46,47,52,

56, 57-65, 68, 69, 71, 81, 84; church plate/reliquaries, 58, 59,59,61,62, 64,65,66; civic and seigneurial patronage, 62-5; International, 65; 19th­century revival, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 165, 166, 168, 170, 173,174,175,176,178,1 79, 183, 184, 184, 185, 190, 190; secular plate, 56, 58-9, 63, 64, 65, 69; 16th-century revival in Germany, 93; 'Troubadour' or 'Cathedrale' style, 168

Gracher of St Petersburg, 189 Graincourt, flanged bowl from,

28 Grant, Charles, 159 granulation, 11, 11, 232, 232 Cravelot, Hubert, 134 Graves, Charles, 223 Great Exhibition (1851), 159,

161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167-8, 169, 173, 175, 179, 183

Great Horwood hoard, 29 Greek key pattern, 144, 147 Greek silver, 7,9, 141-2; early,

9-10; late, 13- 15; 19th­century. 184; see also Etruscan; Hellenistic; neoclassicism

Green, Malcolm, 217 G reen, R.A., 162, 163 Green Vaults Treasury, see

Grune Gewalbe Greenway, Henry, 147 Gregorietti, Salvatore, 222 Gregory of Tours, 38, 39 Gribelin, Simon, 105 Grima, Andre, 215 Grimm, Baron de, 141 Gripeswoldt, Joachim, 80 Grohmann, H. , of Prague, 179 Groningen silverwork, 114, 123,

174 Gropius, Waiter, 178, 203 Grosjean & Woodward of New

York, 192 Grune Gewalbe (Green Vaults)

Treasury, 86,120,217 Grupello, 136 Gubbay toilet service, 102, 109 Guccio de Mannaia, 59, 59 Gudmundsen, Bjam, 'The Bear

Fight', 186 Guerin, Eloi, 130 Guest, Patrick, 220 Gueyton of Paris, 170 Guild of Handicraft, 174, 191,

199 guilds, 59, 74, 88, 89-90, 95, 109,

111,112,117,164; hall marking, 234-7, 238, 239

guilloche decoration, 25, 144, 146, 147

Guldsmeds Aktiebolaget, 207 Guntram, King of Burgundy, 38-

9 Gustav 1, King of Sweden, 152 Gustavus Ill, King of Sweden,

144, 144 Gyges, King of Lydia, 9-10

H The Hague, 101, 113, 172 Haid, J.H., 152 Haidt, John Valentine, 136 Hallberg, G.C, 185 Halle silver, 120 hallmarks and assaying, 61, 116,

136, 149, 151, 163, 165, 166, 218, 233-40; British, 234- 6, 236 , 239, 240; Dutch, 238- 9, 238-9, 240; French, 236-8, 237-8 , 239, 240; identifying, 240; international, 239, 239-40; Irish, 236, 236; methods of assay, 240; pseudo-, 176, 176-7, 182, 195; Select Committee on, 163; Scottish, 235-6

Hallstatt burial, late, 10 Hama cross, 35 Hamburg cup, 88

Hamburg silver, 77, 120 Hamilton, Sir William, 148, 159 Hamilton & Inches of

Edinburgh, 165 Hammer, Marius, 186, 187 Hammer, S., of Bergen, 187 hanaps, 37, 71 Hanau silver, 175 Hancock, C.F., 160, 162 Handicraft Shop, Boston, 194 Hansen, Hans, 207, 208, 221 Hansen, Karl Gustav, 208 Hantz, G., 181 Hardman, John, & Co., 160, 163 Hardman & lliffe, 160 Harleux of Paris, 171 - 2 Harris, Kate, 163, 164 Hart, George, 165 . Hart & Son of Wych Street, 163 Haselar, W.H., 164 ,. Haystack Mountain craft fa ir,

224 Hayward, J.F., 87, 90 head-vases, Greek, 17, 18 Hebrard, A.A., 171, 182 Heckel, Augustin, 133, 136, 154 Hedstrand, Bjarn, 185 Heilica's gospel-book, 49 Heinrich , Abbot of Laurensheim,

55 Heintz the Older, Joseph, 95 Hellenistic silver, 22; early, 16-

19; late, 19- 22; see also Greeks; Romans

Heller, Antoine, 191 Heming, Thomas, 134, 146 Hemmoor Bucket, 25, 28 Hendery, Robert, 195 Hennell, Robert, 147 Henrietta Maria, Queen, 109. Henry I, Emperor, 50 Henry n, Emperor, 42, 51, 51,

52,54 Henry Ill, Emperor, 47 Henry Ill, King of England, 234 Henry VIII, King of England , 72,

73, 74, 74,87,89,91 Hemel, James, 166 Herache, Pierre, 116 Heradius, Emperor, 34, 35 Herakleia, spoils of, 10, 10 Hera Limenia sanctuary, 10, 13 Herbst, Rene, 202 Herculaneum, 22, 146, 148, 149 Herduwick, Abbot of Komburg,

52 Herkenrode monstrance, 62 Hermann, Count, 43 Hermann 11 , Bishop of Munster,

43 Hermeling, Gabriel, 177, 178 Hermopolis, medallion dishes

from, 23 Herodotus, 10 Herrera style auan de Herrera),

91,93, 122 Hesse-Kassel, Landgraf of, 119 Het Loo palace, 10 1, 107 Hibernia marks, 236 Hildesheim: chandelier, 46;

church plate, 56 Hildesheim Treasure, 22, 23, 170 Hillan, Christian, 138 Hirschfeld (of Britannia Co.), 193 Hirtz, Lucien, 172 L'Histoire du Roi tapestries (Le

Brun), 100, 103 Hoby grave, 22, 23 Hoeker, W., 173, 174 Hoeker & Zonen, 173 Hoffman, Josef, 179, 180, 198,

198, 203, 204, 205 Hogarth, William, 134, 136 Holbein, Hans, 73, 74, 74, 77,

179 Holbrook, Edward, 191 Holland, Henry, 165 Holland, see Netherlands Hollein, Hans, 223- 4 hollow-ware, 154, 193, 199, 199,

201,206,207,208,209,211, 228, 229, 230

Holm, Frans, 185 Holy Blood of Mantua relic, 47 Holy Nail reliquary, Trier, 47 Holy Shroud reliquary casket, 51 Holy Thorn reliquary, Rheims ,

46,65

Holy-water bucket, 66, 69 Homer's Iliad, 9 Hone, Philip, 189-90 Hong Kong silver, 214 Honore, chaser, 169, 171 Hope, Thomas Henry, 159, 169 Honstein, Wilhelm, Bishop of

Strasbourg, 77 Honstein cups, 77 Hornick, Erasmus, 84, 85 Hortense, Empress, 172 Horti, Paul, 179, 180 Hossauer of Berlin , 175, 176 hot-water urns, 133, 166, 191 Hou1e, D. & C, 164 Howard, Frank, 160 Hughes, Graham, 197, 204 Hughet, dit Latour, Pierre, 194- 5 Hugo, E., 170 Huguenot goldsmiths, 102 , 112-

13,114, 1115,116,131-2,136, 151 I

Huguet, Jeah-Vincent, 145 Hull, John, 123, 123 Humbert, G., 175 Hungarian silver, 178-9, 180,

239; ,~ee also Austrian silver Hunnewell , Jonathan, 147 Hunt, Frank, 161 Hunt, John Samuel, 160 Hunt & Roskell, 160, 161 , 163 Hunting Dish, 25, 26, 27 Hutton and Sons, William, 163,

164, 204

I ice buckets, 104, 105, 116 Icelandic silver, 187 Imlin, Ludwig Ill;' 130 incense boats, 39, 46 , 58 ineense~burners, Byzantine, 34 Inchbald, Peter, 206, 218 industrial designers, 197, 204,

207, 209, 211 industry v. craftsmanship, 197,

198 inkstands (stand ish), 132, 137,

137, 175, 185 inkwell, apple and pear (Dias of

Lisbon), 184 International Silver Co. of

Meriden, 194, 211 inventories, 65, 67, 74, 102, 127 Irish silver: hallmarks, 236, 239;

medieval, 42, 44; neoclassical, 151; 19th-century, 165- 6; rococo, 150- 1, 151, 165-6

Isnik pottery, silver~mounted, 93 Italian silver, 96, 178, 239;

baroque, 99, 101 - 2, 109-12; Gothic, 59, 62-3; Mannerist, 82,83-4; 19th-century, 181-2, 184; Renaissance, 68- 9, 68-9, 71,80,81,82,81 - 3; rococo, 152; 20th-century, 182, 199, 211,211,222,222- 4

lacob, Guillaume, 130 Jacobsen, Ame, 209 Jacquemon de Nivelles, 57-8 Jacques d' Anchin, 58 Jamnitzer, Wenzel, 8S-8; ewer,

86; jewel casket, 86; Merckel centrepiece, 85, 86; Neufchatel's portrait of, 86; salt-cellar, 86- 7, 87

Janety, Marc~Etienne, 145 Janssen & Company of Zilburg,

174 Janus Cup, 80, 80 Japanese, 192- 3, 213, 214, 218,

219,239 Japanoiserie,. 163, 171 jardinieres, 147, 152; with flower

vase (Zethelius), 184 Jarvie, Robert, 194 Jasper vase, Lorenzo the

Magnificent's, 68, 71 Jeanne, Queen of France, 37, 54,

58,62 Jeannest, P.E., 160, 168 Jenkins, Thomas, 116 Jensen, Georg, 198, 198, 199,

207- 11,213,215,220 Jensen, S",en Georg, 209

Jephson, John, 193 jeweller's skin, 22 7 jewellery, 11 , 13, 37, 59, 73, 166,

232; 19th-century, 174, 182, 189,193, 195; 20th-century, 199,201,204,209,210,213, 214,214-15,216,219,220, 222, 223, 224, 224; 'wearable art', 215

Joachim Murat, King, 181 Johansson, Erik, 185 John V, King of Portugal, 152 John Hull Cutlers Corporation,

211 Johnson, Thomas, 137 Joindy, F.]., 171- 2 Jones, Owen, 162, 190 Jones, Sarah, 221 Jooster, Engelbert, 151 Joseph , King of the Two Sici1ies,

181, 182-3 Josephine, Empress, 167, 172 Joubert, Fran,ois, 129- 30 Joullain, Fran,ois, 134 joyaux (Gothic tableaux), 64, 65 lugendstil, 174, 177, 178, 180,

187; see also Art Nouveau jugs, 165; Canadian cream, 195;

English silver~mounted stoneware, 93; 'Estro' sauce jug (Sabattini), 222; Etruscan, 12- 13; Greek and Roman, 13, 21,24,25,26,29,29- 30; neoclassical hot water and milk, 147, 150, 155; rococo cream, 137, 150, 151

Julian the Apostate, 32 Junger , Hermann, 222 justa (container), 45 Justin, Empero r, 35 Justinian, Emperor, 9, 33, 34, 35 Juvarra, Filippo , 125 Juvarra family, 152

K Kaas sugar bowl, 186 Kaiserangst Treasure, 29, 31 , 32;

Euticius Dish, 31; Achilles Dish, 30, 31

Kama River plate, 33 Kandler, Frederick, 133, 151 kantharos, 10, 14, 16, 17, 17, 21,

22, 25 Karl, Hans, 88 Karnak, Treasure of, 25, 26, 27 Kass, Ahasverus, 186 Kauffman, Edgar, Senior, 207 Keith, J., & Sons, 163 Kelberlade, Johs, 154 Keller, Hans Conrad, 118 Keller Freres, 172 Kepler, Johannes, 88 Kern, Josef, 178 Kertch, Tomb of the Queen with

the Golden Mask, 26 Kessel, Jan van, 98 kettles, 108, 134, 137, 138, 138,

142,1 51, 174,184,190,194 Khitrovo, Matveyevich, 120 Kh 1ebnikov, Ivan Petrovich, 189 Kierstede, Cornelius, 101, 123 Kildare, Earl of, 151 kinetic sculptures, Beeker's, 221,

222 King, Jessie M., 165 King's Lynn Cup, 58 Kirk, Samuel, 190, 191 Kirstein, Jean-Jacques, 130 Kitchen Devils, 218 Kleopatra, Queen, tomb at

Vergina, 16 Klagmann, J.-B.-]., 168,168, 169 Klingert, Gustave, 189 Klinkosch, Josef, 178, 179, 180 K10sterneuberg Abbey, 56 knives, 54, 103, 104, 217 Knole (Kent) silver furniture , 107 Knossos, Crete, 9 Knox, Archibald , 164 Koch & Bergfe1d of Bremen,

176, 185 Koppel, Henning, 198, 199, 208,

209, 213 Kortzau, Ole, 215 kotyle/cup-kotylai , 11, 11, 15, 16,

17 Kotys, King of the Engestai, 13

Koukova treasure, i)uvanli, 13 kovshi, 120, 188, 188 Kreimer, Christian, 121 Kremlin workshops, Moscow

120, 121, 122 ' Kronberg, 185 Krug, Erasmus, 77- 8 Krug, Ludwig, of Nuremberg 69

69, 77-8 ' , Krupp, Alfred, 179 Krupp of Milan, 213 Kuczurmare bucket, 34 Ku1 Oba tumulus, 15 Kumluca, Byzantine silver from

34 ' Kusel, Philipp, 97 kylikes, Hellenistic, 17 kylix, 14, 20 K ypselos of Corinth, 10, 10

L Lacca, Cesare, 211 Lacock Abbey Cup, 63 Ladeuil, Morel, 182 ladles, 12, 16, 21, 24, 30, 130 Lafitte, Louis, 167 Laforgue, Philippe, 130 Lajoue, Jacques de, 134; Second

Ltvre de Cartouches, 127, 133 Lalique, Rene, 171 Lambert & Rawlings of

Coventry, 159 Lambrecht, Heinrich, 120 lamps, 34, 109, 112,138,151,

189 Lampsacus Treasure, 32 , 34 Landeck, S.P., 177 Landes, Louis, 130 Lands Foreningen Dansk

Brugkunst Og Design , 207 languiers /Natterbaum, 53 largitio plates, 30, 32 Lastman , Pieter, 95 lathes, 157,227,230,230,231 Laurentian , Giacomo, 99 Layard, Sir A.H., 182 Le Bastier, Charles, 145 Le Blanc, Abbe, 141 Le Bion, Michel, 114 Le Brun, Charles, 99, 100, 101,

103, 134 Lechtzin, Stanley, 224, 224 Le Doux, Guillaume, 130 Lee-Hu, Mary, 215 Leeuwarden silverwork, 97, 113,

115,173,174 Leeuwen, Tymen van, 112 Leinster Service, 151 Lejeune , Louis, 202 Lelievre, Eugene, 1 n Lenhendrick, Louis Joseph, 130,

142, 144 Lens, M.J., 173 Leo, Emperor, 39 Leofwin,50 Leopard flagon, 91, 92 Leopold, King of the Belgians,

174 Lepec, Charles, 171 Le Pautre, Jean, 99, 100, 116 Le Roy , Ruines des plus beaux

monuments de la Cirece, 146 Leslie, John, 195 Lettre, Emil, 177 Lewis, John, of Boston, 224 Liberty of Regent Street, Cymric

Silver of, 164, 165 , 199 Licinius, Emperor, 32 Liege Cathedral, 41, 42 , 62, 65 Liege goldsmiths, 109, 114, 116 Lightbown, R.W. , 89 Lilla Valla, Gotland, 55 Lillebonne , Roman silver from,

27 Limbrey, Nigel, 218 limited editions, 219 Limoges enamel ware, 45 , 56 Lincoln, Mrs Abraham, tea and

coffee service of, 191, 194 Lindegren, 185 Lindisfarne chapel plate, 50 Linnell, John, 137 Linnell, William, 137 Lisbjerg altar, 41 Lisbon, 122, 183, 184, 239 Lobkowitz pictorial inventory,

102

Loir, Alexis, 112 Loir, Alexis Ill, 130 Loir, Gu illaume, 130 Lair, Louis, the younger, 119 Loleo, J., 182 London Assay Office, 234, 234,

235, 235 London International Exhibition

(1862), 160, 162, 163, 170, 176, 179, 182, 183, 186, 187

Loofs, Adam, 114 Lopes, Antonio Texeira, 184 Lorenzo the Magnificent, jasper

vase of, 68, 71 lost-wax (cire-perdu) process, 229 Lothair Cross, 41, 43 Lotharingian goldsmiths, 56 Louis VI, King of France, 45 Louis VII, King of France, 39, 45 Louis XIV, King of France, 99,

100,103,104,108,112,114, 116, 125, 141

Louis XV, King of France, 125, 127, 144

Louis XVI, King of France, 158; coronation crown and chalice of, 143

Louis XVI style, 153, 165, 170, 174, 184, 185, 189

Louis-Philippe, King of France, 167

Loup, Abbot of Ferriers, 39 Louvois, Marquis de, 100 Lovere hoard, Roman, 27 loving cups, 174 Low Countries, 12, 73, 74, 84- 5,

93; see also Flemish silver; Netherlands

Loyet, Gerard, 65 Ludwig,]., 176 Lumsden, Helen, 160 Lund, Johan, 185 Lunenburg plate, 77, 80--81, 88;

Janus Cup, 80, 80 Lunning, Frederick, 208 Lutma, Johannes, 102, 113, 114 Luxeuil Abbey, 51, 53 Luynes, Albert, duc de, 167, 175,

181, 182, 183, 184, 188 Lydia, 9- 10, 19

M McCallum, Alastair, 219 MacCarthy, Fiona, 163 Macdonald, Grant, 224 Macedonia, Hellenistic silver

from, 16, 17 McKay, J., 165 Mackintosh, Charles Rennie,

165, 180 macrame kttme work, 219 Madroux, Auguste, 170 Magnolia Vase, 193, 193 Makepeace, John, 197 makers' marks, 23 4- 40 passim;

see also hallmarks Malaia Pereshchepina hoard, 34 Malez of Warsaw, 189 Maltese silver, 184, 239 Mauley, Henry, 136 Mannerism, 67, 73, 77, 83- 93,

95,96, 114, 182; anti­functionalism of, 86; decline of, 93; the grotesque in, 84- 5; Italian, 82, 83-4, 142; Northern European, 84- 93; Spain and Portugal, 93; style Tus(ique, 87

Mannius, Abbot, 52 Mannlich, Johan Heinrich, 107 Mansard, architect, 100 Mappin and Webb, 163, 191,

204,205, 214 Marcq, Etienne-Jacques, 130 Marie Leczinska, Queen, 128 Mariette, Pierre, 98 Marigny, Marquis de, 141 Marks, Gilbert, 165 marmites, 103 Marot, Daniel, 101 Marot, David, 114 Marrel brothers, 169 Mars and Venus Cup, 22, 23 Marsh, Raymond, 219 Marshall & Sons, Edinburgh, 165 Marsiliana d'Albegna, Veruio nia ,

11

martele silver, 188, 191 Marti, Jose, 183 Martin, Baskett & Co.,

Cheltenham, 159 Martin du Gard, Maurice, 200--1 Martinez y Fraile, 183 Mary, Queen (William Ill's

wife), 105, 108, Ill, 116 Mascetti of Rome, 182 Massiera, Luis, 183 mass production, 157, 164, 165,

169, 197, 199, 206, 211, 213, 215,226, 230

mate cups, 195 Mathias, Emperor, 95, 95 Mathildas, Ottanian crosses of

the two, 43 Maubeuge Abbey, Veil of St

A ldegonde, 56, 58 Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico,

170, 195 o·

Max Protech Gall ery, New York , 222

Mayer, Joseph, of Liverpool, 159 Mayer Siihne, V., 179 Mayerhofer, Stefan, 179; coffee

machine, 177, 178 Mayerhofer & Klinkosch, 178,

179 Mazarin, Cardinal, 98 mazer bowls, 204, 205 mazers, 70, 71, 12 mechanized production of silver,

157,169- 70,173,174,175, 179, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190-91,193,213,217- 18,220, 224, 226

medallions, medallion dishes, 25, 80, 100, 148, 154; emblemata, 20, 23, 24, 24, 28; Greek applique relief, 15, 17, 17

Medievalism, 19th-century, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 168, 169, 170, 171, 177, 184, 184; see also Gothic; M iddle Ages

Megarian pottery bowls, 18, 19 Meigh, Charles, 190, 190 Meinwerk , Bishop of Paderborn,

52 wleissen porcelain plaques, 119 Meissonier, Etienne (Stefano),

125 Meissonier, Juste-Aurele, 103,

125- 7, 130,131,134,141,151, 154, 171, 173; Livres de Legumes, 131, 134; tureens, 126,128

Meleager plate, 34 Melbourne Exhibition (1888-9),

182 Mellilo, Giacinto, 182 Mellor, David, 199,206,218- 19,

220; cutlery, 218, 220 Memphis, Milan, 223 Mensma, Nicholaas, 97, 113 Mercade, Jaime, 183 Merckel centrepiece Oamnitzer),

85, 86 Mercury dish (Chaourse

Treasure), 27 Merian's Theatrum Europacum,

119 Merize!, Gottlieb, 10 1 Merlin, Cosimo, 110- 11 Merlin, Tomas, 112 Merode Cup, 58 Merouville, flanged bowl from,

28 Merseburg Cathedral, 52 Mertens, August, 175 Mettayer brothers, 151 Mexican si lver, 7, 122, 195 Meyer, Alfred, In Michae l Cup, 73 Miche langelo, 80, 81, 83 Michelozzo, 63 Michelsen, A., 207, 208, 220 Michelsen, Karl, 187 Midd le Ages: chapel plate, 50-1;

church plate, 51 - 3; early church plate, 40- 6; ea rly secular plate, 37- 40; goldsmiths and their craft, 56-7; gospel-books, 39, 40, 49, 49, 50, 52, 55, 56; Gothic sty le, 57- 65; reliquaries, shrines and statues, 47- 50; secular plate, 53- 6; see also Medievalism

Mielich, Hans, 88 Milan , Ill, 182, 222, 223; San

Ambrogio , 35, 41, 41 Milan Cathed ral Treasury, statue

of St Ambrose, 111 Milan Triennales, 208, 209 Mildenhall Treasury, 29, 30, 31,

33, 35; Oceanus dish, 29, 30, 31- 2

Mileham, Roman dish from, 31 Miller, Fritz von, 177 Minoan culture, 9 mirrors, silver: baroque, 107,

107, 108; Greek and Roman (box and disc), 18, 19, 24, 28; Ruhlmann's, 201

missals, 50, 52 modellers, 136 Modernism, Modernist style,

198,199,2.0 1,203,204,207, 208,208, Zl09, 211

Modenx, Etienne, 145 Moelder, C. de, 102 Moitte, Jean G uillaume, 145 Moliner, Francisco, 183 Mollenberg, Gustaf, 185 Moller, Henrik Bertram, 187 monstrances, 62, Ill, 119, 126,

127,182; Belem, 63; Herkenrode, 62; Pius IX's (Froment-Meurice), 169

Montefortino, silver from, 16, 17 monteiths (bowls), 105, 123, 143,

189 Monti, Raffaele, 160 Montreal silver, 194- 5 Moore, Andrew, 107 Moore, Edward Chand ler, 191-

2, 194; 'Saracenic style', 192 Moore, John c., N'ew York, 190,

191 Moratilla, Francesco, 183 Moreau, Charles, 201 Moreau, Mathurin, 170, 171 Morel, Jean-Valentin, 160, 166,

168- 9 MoreI-Ladeuil, Leonard, 160 Miiringer, Ulrich, 89 Morris, William, 164, 166, 194,

220 Mortimer, John , 160 Mortimer & Hunt, 160 Mosan triptychs, 42 Moscow silverwork, 120, 122,

188, 189 Moser, G.M ., 134, 136 Moser, Koloman, 180, 203 Moses, Henry, 189 Mostyn Ewer and Basin, 76, 76,

77 Mostyn Salt, 89 moulds, cast ing, 228, 229, 230 Moulton, Ebenezer, 189 Moushovitsa Treasure, 13 Moyaert, C laes, 95 Mucha, A lphonse, 171 muffin dish (Ashbee), 166 muffle-furnace, muffle-iron, 227,

232 Muller, Berthold, 177 Mummolus, 38- 9 Munari, Cleto, 223- 4 Munich silver, 50, 50, 95, 120,

176, 177 Munster Cathedral, 43, 47 Murphy, H.G., 165 , 204 Murphy and Falcon, 197 Murray, Keith, 204 mustard pots/containers, 128- 9,

130, 147; see also pepper pots, salts

Les Must de Cart ier , 21 4 Mycenae,9, 16; Royal Burials at,

9

N Nailly processional cross, 58 Namur prize cup (Allacd), 174 Nancy Cathedral Treasury, 44,

49 Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor,

166,167, I n, 175, 181, 182- 3, 187; coronation table service, 167, 189

Napoleon Ill, Empero r, 170, 170 Napoleon, Louis, King of

Holland (1778- 1813), In

Napper & Davenport, Birmingham, 204

Narcissus ewer (Cheret), 141 naturalism, 19th-century, 158,

158, 159, 159, 161, 162, 167, 168, 171 , 174, 176, 184, 185, 186, 190, 191

nautilus cups/shells, 65, 84, 85, 93

Neapolitan silver, 112, 152, 182 ne!s a cadenas (caddinets), 103,

104, 105 neo-Attic schoo l, 21 - 2 Neoclassicism, 131, 139, 141 - 55,

174, 174, 198; classical forms and motifs, 141- 2, 144- 5, 147, 15 2; Dutch, 151 - 2; English, 146-50, 159, 162, 163; French, 141- 5,166- 7,168,170,201; German, 152; Hungarian, 178; Iberian, 152; Italian, 152, 181, 182; Mexican, 195 ; North American, 154- 5, 189, 190, 193; Russian, Baltic, and Scandinavian, 153- 4; Scottish and Irish, 150--51, 165-6

Neresheimer, B" & Siihne, 177 Netherland s (Holland): auricular

style, 93, 95- 6, 114, 132; baroque, 10 1, 101, 106, 113-15,123; chinoiserie, 102; floral style, 97, 98, 114; hall marking, 238-9, 238-9, 240; Huguenots in, 114, 151; Mannerism, 83, 84-5, 114; 19th-century, 172, 172- 4; plain style, 102, 114; rococo and neoclassical styles, 138, 151

Neufchatel, Nicholas de, portrait of Wenzel Jamnitzer, 86

Neufforge, Jean-Fran,ois de, 141- 2, 148

Nevalainen, Anders Johan, 188 New England (USA) silver, 123,

123 New York, 123; 19th-centu ry,

189, 190, 190, 191- 3; phiale mesomphaloi, 17- 18, 18

New York Exhibition (1854), 190 Nicholas IV, Pope, chalice of, 59,

59 Nicolaevo, Roman silver from,

28 Nicholas of Hereford, 42 Nicolas of Verdun, 56, 57 Niederbieber, Roman bowl from,

28 niello, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31,33, 57,

89,120,168,173,188,193, 232; geometric, 31, 32; medieval, 37, 39-40, 44, 46, 56-7; Russian, 153, 188, 189; see also engraving

Nielsen, Harald, 207- 8 Neiuhof, Jan, 102 Nilsson, Wiwen, 207 Normand, C., 167 Nordiska Company (NK), 220 North American silver, see

Canada, U nited States Norwegian s ilver: hallmarking,

239; 19th-century, 185, 185- 7; rococo and neoclassicism, 154; 20th-century, 207, 208, 209

'no-scrap blank' technique, 217 Notre-Dame d'Allen,on, Roman

silver from, 26, 28 Novgorod, 120 Nuremberg silver: hallmarks,

239; Mannerist, 84, 85, 85-7, 88,89,91,93; Renaissance, 69, 69, 74, 74, 77-80, 78

Nymphaeum, silver cup fro m, 15 Nyrin, Yuri and Stepan, 121

o objets-de-vertu, gold, 120 Oceanus dish, Mildenhall, 29,

30, 31- 2 Odder altar, 41 Odiot, c.-Gustave-E., 171 Odiot, Charles-Nicho las, 167-8,

170 Odiot, J.-B.-C., 167, 170 Odiot's, 170, 172, 189 Ogden, J., 232 Ohlsson, Olle, 220, 222

· INDEX· 253

Oignies, see d'Oignies oinochoai, 10, 16 Okeover, Leake, 134 Olbrich, Josef Maria, 177 Old Sheffield Plate, see Sheffield

Plate O Isen, Theodor, 186 Olympia, 10, 10, 11 Oman, Charles, 136 Oneida, 211 Oporto silver, 122, 184 opus inclusorium, see verroterie

cloisonnee Orleans, Louis, Duke of, 63 Orleans Cup (Durand), 168 Orlov dinner service, 142- 3, 143 Orlov vase, 153, 153 Ornamo (Finnish association),

207 Oroppa sanctuary, III Orseolo, Doge Pietre, 62 Oslo (Christiania), 185, 186, 187 Osman, Dylis, 217, 217 Osman, Louis, 216- 17, 217, 218,

218 Ostropataka, Roman cup from,

25 Otranto Cathedral, 112 Ottonian church plate, 41, 43,

44, 49, 52 Ovchinnikov, Pavel Akimovich,

188-9 Ovid's Metamorphoses, 97, 113 Oxford o r Tractarian Movement,

163 oxidized silver, 162, 231

p Paderborn Cathedral, 120 Pala d'Oro, San Marco, Venice,

62 Paley, Albert, 224 Palaiokastron, p)'xis and

alabasrron from, 21, 23 Palais-Royal, Paris, 145 Palissy, Bernard, 87 Pallavicini, Cardinal Lazzaro, 109 Panagyurishte Treasure, 17, 18,

18 Panticapaeum silver, 15 papal mace, Giardini's, 109 Papworth, E.G., 159 Parabiago, picture dish from, 32 Parbury, George, 136 parcel-gilt s ilver, see gilding Paris, 73, 74, 83, 86, 112, 237;

Bing's 'L'Art Nouveau' shop, 177; baroque, 112 , 113, Il9; medieval, 58, 59, 61; Musee des Arts Decoratifs, 170; neoclassicism, 166- 7; 19th­century, 166-12, 182; rococo, 126, 128, 129; see also French s ilver

Paris ewer, 59 Paris Exhibitions: (1834) 168;

(1855) 169, 170, 176, 187; (1867) 170, 173, 174, 176, 179, 182, 183, 186, 187, 192; (1878) 163,176,192,193;(1879) 173; (1880) 172; (1889) 171, 179. 191, 193,195; (1900) 163, 164, 170,17 1,173,176,177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193; (1914) 165; (1925) 198, 200, 202; (1937) 202

Parker, John, 147, 148, ISO Parkes process (s ilver extraction),

233 Parsons, John, 147 pastiches. see hallmarks, pseudo­patens, 39, 111; Byzantine, 34;

Dolgelly, 42; medieval, 40, 42, 44, 50, 52; Siena Cathed ral, Chigi Chapel. 109, J 10

/)(ttera /ae, 16. 23, 24, 24, 30, 33, 144, 146, 147, 152

patio process (silver extraction), 233

patronage, 56, 62- 5, 91, 107 pattern books, 74, 77, 89, 120,

131,133,134,148,149,152 Patuogno, Michele, 112 Paulus, Johannes Bapr .. J 44 Pauzie, Jeremie, 153 Payne of Bath, 159

254 . HISTORY OF SILVER .

Paz; Octavio, 197 Peche, Dagobert, 198, 181, 203;

'Three apples on a branch', 198

Pedersen, Bent Gabrielsen, 208 pepper pots, 25, 28, 129, 130,

143, 145; see also cruets; salts Pepys, Samuel, 102 Percier, Charles, 167, 189 perfume burner:s, (ca,uoulettes),

103, 143 ' :' perfume vases, He.llenistic, 18, 20 Pergamene bowls, '19- 20 Pergoiesi, Original Designs, 149 Perm (Russia), plates from, 33,

33 Perrault, Charles, 102 Perry, Commodore O.H., 189 Persians, 10, 13, IS, 18 Persson, Sigurd, 209, 211, 220 Peruvian silver, 195 Pescador of Madrid, 183 Peter of Gloucester, Abbot, 46 Peter the Great, Czar, 120, 153 Peterhausen altar, 41 Peters, e., 187 Petrossa Treasure, 29, 29 Petzold, Hans, 92, 93 Peyre, Jules, 168 Phela Cross, 35 phiale mesomphalos/oi, 10, 10,

12, 13, IS, 16, 17- 18, 18,24; Achaemenid fluted, 13, 16, 18; 'egg', 24; leaf, 18

Philadelphia, 123, 155, 189, 190, 224

Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition (1876), 176, 186, 187,192,193

Philip 11 , King of Spain, 93, 122 Philip IV, King of Spain, 112 Philip II of Macedon, tomb at

Vergina, 16 Philippe d'Orleans, Regent of

France, 125, 141 Phoenician bowls, 11 - 12, 13 phylacteries (portable

reliquaries), 47,52 Picard, Franc;ois, 145 Piccinino, Luccio , 86 Pico della Mirandella, 85 'picture' dishes, Roman, 23, 31 - 2 pilgrim flasks /bottles, 103, 104,

119 Pinheiro, Rafael Bordal, 184 Pinto, Joao Teixeira, 183, 183 Piranesi, G.B., 148, 159, 175 Pires de Gama, Vincente, 183,

183 Pisa Cathedral tabernacle, 110 Pi stoia Cathedral frontal and

retable, 61, 62 pitcher (Bostwick), 190, 190 Pitt, William, father and son,

159 Pitts, Thomas, 138 Pius, V11, Pope , 109 Pi us, IX, Pope, 169 plaque or double, ' 145; see also

Sheffield plate Plate of Paternus, 34 Platel, Pierre, 106, 115, 116 platmenage, 104 Plicasnas situla, 12, 13 Pliny the Elder, 22 ' pliqlle-a-joLlf enamel, 171 , 172,

184, 186, 187,232 poisles a conftture, 103 Politzer, Ludwig, 179 Polish silver, 189, 239 Pollaiuolo's great altar cross, 68 Pomodoro, Arnaldo and Gio,

223 Pompadour, Mme de, 128, 129-

30, 141, 143 Pompeii, 22, 24, 142, 144, 146,

148; Casa del Menandro, 22, 23, 23, 24

pomponne (fused silver plate), 145 Pontormo , jacopo, 83 Porcher, A lexis, 130 porringers, 103, 105, 116, 123 Portoghesi, Paolo, 224 Portsmouth , Duchess of, 107 Portuguese silver: hall marking,

239; Mannerist , 93; neoclassical, 152; 19th-century, 183- 4; 17th-century, 122- 3;

16th-century, 69, 72 Poseidon centrepiece, 136, 137 pots a bouillon, 103 pots-a-oille, 103, 127, 131, 142,

143, 143, 144, 145, 153 Pott, Carl , 203, 213 pottery, 11, 13, 14, IS, 17, 18, 19 Poussielgue~Rusand, Maurice,

170 Poussielgue-Rusand, Placide, 170 Power, Edward, 166 Praeneste tombs, 10, 11, 11, 12,

12 Prander & Giergl, 178 Precht, Christian, 154, 154 Pre-Raphaelites, 171 presentation dishes, baroque,

109, 113 Prevost, Pierre, 111 Prevost et Cie, 172 Ptice & Co., Arthur, 204 Prime & Son, Thomas,

Birmingham, 166 Projecta Casket, 31, 33 Providence, Rhode Island, 188,

189, 194 Pruden, Dunstan, 217 Prud'hon, Pierre-Paul , 167 Prunkpokal, 63 Prusias Treasure, 16, 17-18 Pugin, A.W.N., 159-60, 160,

162, 163 Puiforcat, Jean, 172, 198,199,

199,200,201,202; dish and cover, 203; photographic portrait, 203; tea service, 200

punch bowls, 105 Pyne, Benjamin, 102, 116 pyx (altar box/cup), 44- 5 pyxis/pyxides, 18, 21, 23, 23, 26

Q Queen Anne style, 102, 131, 163 Queen Elizabeth's Salt, 90- 1

R Raedwald, East Anglian king, 33 Rahm, Ernst Diedrich, 154 raising technique, 229, 229 Rait, D.e., 165 Raitenau , Bishop Wolf Dietrich

von, 95 Ramsden,Omar, 165, 204, 205,

206 Ramshaw, Wendy, 215 Ramsey Abbey, 51, 58 Ranvoyze, Fran,ois, 155 Ratkov, Alexey, 153 Ratners chain stores, 214 Ratzersdorfer, Hermann, 179 Razatis, Persian general, 35 Redgrave, Richard, 162 Reed and Barton, 211 Regnard, Louis, 130 Regolini-Galassi tomb, Caere, 10,

11, 12 Rehfuss, Georg Adam, 181 relief decoration, 15,33-4, 56,

107 , 119; bas-relief (Iow relief), 9,15,17,20,25,27,28,31, 32, 109, Ill, 144, 180; Greek, 15,15,17,17,20,21; hammered, 31; high, 15, 20, 21, 23, 28; medallions (emblemaw), 17, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28; picture dishes, 23, 31-2; Roman, 23,24,25,27,31,32, 33; see also em hossing; repousse

reliquaries: angel, 108, 109-10; baroque, 108, 109, 110- 11, 123; caskets or boxes, 34, 47, SO, 51, 52, 58; chains of St Peter (Prague), 46; Corporal of Bolsena's, 59, 61; Gothic, 58, 59,61,62 ,64, 65; heads, 47 , 48, 150- 1; Holy Thorn, 46, 65; medieval, 37, 41, 42, 47- 9,51, 56, 56, 57, 5~ 62; Pope Alexander's head , 47, 48; portable (phylacteries), 47. 52; rib of St Peter's, Oignies, 56; St Andrew's foot (Trier), 46: St Daniel's (Florence), 110- 11; St Helena's, 109; St U rsu la's (Rheims), 65; Seamless Robe. 54, 58; Spanish, 123; statues,

37, 48, 48- 9, 62; veil of St Aldegonde, 56, 58; see also shrines

Renaissance, 65, 67- 83; early, 68:"9; Getman, 69, 77-83; Italian, 68- 9, 68-9, 71,81-3; 19th-century revival, 160, 168, 170,173,176,179,185,190; secular plate, 70- 77; Spanish and Portuguese, 69, 72; see also Mannerism.

Renier de Huy, 56 repousse work, 9, 11, 15,17, 19,

20,21,22,23,28,30,33- 4, 71,92,161,168,231; see a!.so embossing; relief

retables, altar, 41, 59, 61, 62; Pala d'Oro, San Marco, 62; portable, 42- 3; St James the Apostle's, Pjstoia, 61, 62

Revere, Paul, 147, 189 Revocation of ,he Edict of

Nantes (I 685j, 101 , 102, 112- 13,116, nI, 151

Rheims Cathedral reliquaries , 65 Rhenish stoneware jugs, 93 Rhodes, kantharos from, la rhyton (rhyta), 13, 13, IS, 18, 18 Richardsons of Philadelph ia, 189 Richels, Jurgen, 120 Riegel, Ernst, 177- 8 Riemerschmidt, Richard, 177 Riha Treasure, 34, 35 ,Rizzo, A., 182 Robert, King of France, 54 (Ro bert, Nicolas, 98 Robert, Rene, 201 Roberts, Samuel, of Sheffield,

157 Roberts & Belk, 1 5&~ Robinson, Edkins & Aston, 158 rocaille, see rococo rock-crystal, 73, 75,91, 145, 168,

171,177,178,180,193 RockefeIler, Barbara, 215 rococo, 103, Ill, 125- 39,216;

Besnier, Ballin and the Germains, 127- 8; the cartouche and other motifs, 133- 9; Cousinets, Durand and Joubert, 128-80; Dutch, 151, 173; English, 131 - 3; French (le genre pitturesque), 125- 31, 139, 141,144,151,167,216; German, 152; Irish, 150-51, 151, 166, 190; Italian, 152; Meissoniet, 125- 7, 171; North American, 154-5 , 190; Pierre Germain and ]acques Roettiers, 130- 1 j Portuguese, 127- 8,142,152; revival in 19th-century, 158, 159, 163, 165,166,167,169,171,173, 175, 176, 176, 179, 182, 184, 185, 190, 191, 195; Russian, 153; Scandinavian, 153- 4, 154; Scottish, 150

Rodgers, Commodore John, tureen of, 189, 190

Roettiers, Jacques, 131, 134, 142, 144

Roettiers , Jacq ues-Nicolas, 142-3, 144; Orlov dinner~service, 142-3, 143

Rogers, Smith & Co. of Hartford , 193

Rohde, Gilbert, 209-10 Rohde, Johan, 198, 198,207,208 Rollos, Philip, 116 Roman silver, 19-33,37; 1st

century AD, 22-4; 4th and 5th centuries, 28- 33; 2nd and 3rd centuries, 24- 8

Romanesque style, 56, 58, 178; church plate, 43, 44, 45, 58; gospel-books, 49; secular plate, 54, 55, 56, 57

Romano, Giu lio, 81 Rome, 152; baroque, 108, 109,

109, 110, 113; French Academy, 141; 19th-century, 181 - 2; Universita, 109

Rookwood pottery, 191 Rordorf, Johann Jacob, 179 Rosas, Jose, Junior, 184 Roscigno, kantharos from, 14 Rosenau, Simon, 176-7 Rosenberg, Marc, 120

Rosenborg Castle firescreen, 1 19 Rosso, Mannerist designs by, 83 Rothschild, Baron Salomon de,

168 Roubiliac , Louis Franc;ois , 136 Roucel, Louis, 145 Rouquet, Andre, 139 Rouvenat, Leon, 170 Rowe, Michael, 219, 220 Royal Collection, English, 98,

107, 116, 136, 143, 159, 162, 164; see also Court silver; Tudor Jewel House

Royal Collection, Swedish, 99, 99

Royal Copenhagen Potcelain Co., 220

Royal Gold Cup, Duke of Berry's, 61, 63, 65

Royal School and Factory for Silversmiths, Madrid, 183

Rozet, Rene, 171 Rubens, Sir Peter Paul, 114 Rudolf 11, Emperor, 74 , 86, 88,

88, 95, 179 Rudolphi, F.-J., 168, 169 Ruhlmann, Emile-Jacques, 201,

202 Rundell, Philip, 159 Rundell, Bridge & Rundell, 157,

158-9,160,162, 189 Running Dog Pattern, 151 Ruskin, John, 163, 164, 166 Russian silver, 239; 18th~century,

153, 153; English Royal plate sold to, 91, 92; neoclassicism, 142-3, 143; niello work, 153, 188, 189; 19th-century, 187- 9; 17th-century, 120- 2, 121

Russo, Antonio, 182 Ruynat, Ennemond, 130

S Sabatelli, Luigi, 182 Sabattini, Lino, 198, 20 I, 211,

211, 222, 222 St Aldegonde's veil, 56, 58 St Alexander, head-reliquary of,

47 St Ambrose, Taglietti's statue of,

109 St Andrew's foot (Trier), 46, 47 St Apollinaris, head-relic of,S I St Bertin's Abbey, 50; cross-foot,

43 St Candidus, bust of, 47 St Catherine de Fierbois,

Touraine, 62 St Catherine's Church, Utrecht,

112 St Daniel's reliquary, Florence,

110- 11 St Denis cathedral: Eagle vase,

43, 45; great gold cross, 43, 56: high altar, 41, 44, 45, 45, 48 , 53; incense boat, 46; reliquary statues, 37, 62; sardonyx challenge, 45

Sainte Chapelle, Paris, 57 Sa inte Coupe, Sens, 43, 45 Sainte-Croix (Liege), Triptych of

the Holy Cross, 42 Sainte Foy, reliquary statue of,

48, 48-9 St Egwin's shrine, Evesham, 52 St Eleuthere's shrine, Tournai ,

54, 57 St Eligius, 39 St Elizabeth of Thuringia, head­

reliquary of, SO- 51 St Emmeran' s gospel-book

(Codex !).ureLiS), 50, 50 St Etheldteda, sculpture of, 50 St FoiIlon, relics of, 48 St Gauzelin's chalice, Nancy, 44 St Gauzelin's gospel-book,

Nancy, 49 St George's, Windsor, chapel

plate, I 15 St Germanus, shrine of, 39 St Gertrude's shrine, Nivelles, 58 St Giles' Church, Komberg, 52 St Hadelin's shrine, Vise, 48 St Helena, reliquary of, 109 St Heribert's shrine , Deutz, 56 St James the Apostle, retable and

frontal, Pistoia, 61, 62

St Jean d'Utrecht, portable shrine, 55

St John the Baptist: Florentine silver dossal, 63; pendant­statue , 62

St Louis Exhibition (1904), 191 St Maria de la Victoria

(Ingolstadt), monstrance, 119 St Martin's Lane Academy,

London, 134 St Maurice d'Agaune's Treasury:

bust of St Candidus, 47 ; Coupe de Charlemagne, 45; Ewer of Charlemagne, 53, 53; Vase de Saint-Martin, 38, 38

St Ninian's Treasure, Shetlands 37 '

St Petersburg silver, 120, 186, 187-8, 188, 189

St-Porchaite factory, 83 St Quentin, shrine of, 39 St Severinus, shrine of, 39 St Sexburga, sculpture of, 50 St Stephen's church, Magdeburg

52 ' St Taurin's shrine, Evreux, 55,

57 St Ursula's reliquary, Rheims, 65 St Vincent, relics of, 51 Salon des Artistes Decorateurs

Paris, 182, 202 ' salts, salt-cellars, 83, 103, 127;

Cellini's, 81,83; 'Giant', 65; Jamnitzer's, 86- 7, 87; neoclassical , 143, 145 , 147; Nicholas Sprimont' s, 135, 136-7; 19th-century, 159,160, 167, 175; Odiot's double, 167; Queen Elizabeth 's, 90- 91; rococo, 127- 8, 129, 135, 136-7,153; Sarah Jones', 221; sea­urchin (Bridge), 159; standing, 90-91,92

salvers, 103, 104-5,105, 134, 149, ISO

Saly, Jacques, 141 Samuel, H., chain stores, 214 San Ambrogio, Milan: Byzantine

wooden doors, 35; Wolvinius altar, 41, 41

Sanderson, Robert, 123, 123 San Domenico Treasury,

Bologna, 58 Sandoz, Gerard, 199,200,20 1 Sandrart, art critic, 95 San Francesco Assisi: Guccio's

chalice, 59, 59; Seamless Robe reliquary, 54, 58

San Gennaro altar frontal, Naples, 112

San Isidoro, Leon, chalice, 44 San MareD, Venice, Pala d'Oro,

62 Sarajevo School of Arts and

Crafts, 179 satirical print (1759) , 126 sauce boats: neoclassical, 147,

ISO; rococo, 128, 129- 30, 133, 136- 7, 151

saucepans, silver, 26, 30, 33 'Saul and Paul' spoons, 33 Savoy, Maria Giovanna Battista,

Duchess of, III Sawyer, Richard, 165 Sazikov, Ignatiy Pavlovich, 188 Sazikov, Pavel Fedorovich, 188 Sazikov' s, 188, 189 Scandinavian silver: baroque,

105; hall marking, 239; medieval hoard s, 55; 19th­century, 184- 7: Renaissance, 69; rococo, 153- 4; 20th­century, 197, 198-9,205,207-11, 220, 222

Sca rpa, Carlo, 224 Schatzkammer collections,

German, 86, 88, 119, 120 Scherr, Mary Ann, 215 Schinkel, K.F" 175 Sch levogt, Pierre , 222 Schloss, Kopenick , E. Berlin, 119 Schlumberger, Jean, 211 Schneider, M.F., 175 Sc hnyler, John and Elizaberh,

/01 Schofi eld, John, 148 School and Guild of Handicraft,

London, 164- 5, 166

Schott, johann Maetin, 175 Schwiibisch Gmiind silver, 222 Schwertermuller, David I., 117 Scoppa, Orazio, 99 Scott, Digby, 158, 159 Scottish silver: hallmarking, 235-

6; 19th.century, 165; rococo and neoclassical, 150; see also English silver

Scuola di Oresi, Venetian, 111 sc",ellae, 38, 53, 55 Sea Beaker, 197 Seamless Robe reliquary, 54, 58 seau,a-verres, 143 Secessionists, Viennese, 180 Select Committee of Arts and

Manufacturers (I835~6), 161, 162

Select Committee on Hallmarking (1878), 163

Sellenskaya Mountains, 16, 17 Sens Cathedral, 58; Sainte Coupe,

43,45 Seppa, Heikki, 215 Sequeira, Domingos Antonio de,

183, 183 'serpents' tongues', 53 Serriere, jean, 198, 201 Seven Brothers burial mounds,

Kuban, 14, 15 Seville Cathedra l altar frontal,

122 Sevin, Louis-Constant, 168 Sevres Manufactory, 167, 172 Seymour Cup, 73, 74, 77 shakudo ware, japanese, 102 Sharp, Robert, 146, 147 Shawah, Henry, 2Z4 shawl·pins, Celtic, 166 Sheffield Assay Office, 234, 235,

235 Sheffield plate, 145, 147, 148~9,

154, 157~8, 160, 169, 174, 175, 179, 185~6, 186, 187 , 188, 189, 204, 225~6

shrines: Gothic, 57~8; medieval, 47, 47~8, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57; portable, 55; St Eleutheres, 54, 57; St Taurin's (Evreux), 55, 57; Three Kings (Cologne), 47, 48 , 56; Tournai Cathedral, 56, 57; of the Virgin (Aachen), 57; see also reliquaries

Shruder, james, 133, 134, 134 Sidon, Roman pepper pot from,

25, 28 Siegfried, Bishop, 52 Siena, 59; Corporal of Bolsena

reliquary , 59,61; Chigi Chapel paten, 109, 1 10

Sigboto III of Hadmarsperch, Count, 54

Silber & Fleming, 163 silver, native, 7, 233 silver alloys, 225, 233, 234, 240 silver chloride, 233 silver extraction, 233-4;

cupellation, 7, 233, 234; electrolytic process, 234; patio process, 233; Parkes process, 233; sodium cyanide, 234

silver-mounted vessels, 65, 92, 92~3, 162

silversmith's craft, 225~32; decoration, 231-2; finishing, 230~1; forming techniques, 228~31; materials, 225~7; tools and equipment, 227

Simidel, Iona, 121 Simons, Fran,ois, 172, 172 sinking or die·stamping, 230, 230 Sisino, Gabriele, 182 Siward, Bishop of Rochester, SO Skilton, E.H., 209 skyphoi, 16 slush·casring, 228 Sluyterman, K.L., 173 Smellie, j., 195 Smith, Benjamin, 158, 159, 185 Smith, Benjamin , Junior, 158 Smith, Daniel, 146, 147 Smith, james, 158 Smith, john, 166 Sneek silverwork·, 114 snuff boxes, 14 I , 145, 188 snuffers, 101, 103, 108, 123 Society of No rth American

Goldsmiths, 214, 215 Soho Manufactory, 158 Solvychegodsk silver, 120, 122 S0fensen, Oskar, 207 Sottsass, Ettore, 223 Southampton Cup, 77 Spagna, Francesco, 109 Spanish silver, 62 , 65, 77, 84,

152; hallmarking, 239; Herrera style, 91, 93, 122; 19th· century, 182~3; 17th.century, 96, 122, 123; 16th.century, 69, 91,93

Sparoletti, Policarpo, I I I Spencer, Edward, 165 sp ice boxes/containers, 108, 131 spinning, 226, 230, 230 Spire, Charles, 130 sponsor's mark, 234, 236, 239;

see also hallmarks spoon racks, 186, 187 spoons, 44, 153; duck spoon

Uones), 221; fancy front and fancy back, 138, 138~9; marrow spoons, 108; medieval 53,54,55; 19th.century, 160; 'Saul and Paul', 31 33; 17th· century, 103, 104, 114, 116; I 6th.century, 70

Sprimont, Nicholas, 135, I 36~ 7, 138

Stabler, Harold, 165, 204 stainless steel, 197, 199, 206, 208.

209,211,213,214,215 Stamford punch bowl, 105 stamps, stamping, 35, 61, 91,

175,176,190,231; see also die· stamping; hallmarks

standing cups, 105, 119, 178, 179 statues, medieval reliquary, 37,

48, 48~50, 62; see also reliquaries; shrines

statuettes, 128, 143 Stavelot Abbey, 4 1~2 Stavenow, Ake, 207 steady-block, 22 7 Steele , Florence, 163 steeple cup, 92 Stella, j acques, 99 Stephenson, Magnus, 209·10 sterling silver, 148, 149, 225, 234,

235, 235, 236, 240 Stern chain stores , 214 Still, Dowager Lady jane, 123 Stockholm, 184, 184, 220, 222,

239 Stockholm Exhibition (1930),

207 Stockholm font, I 12 Stoclet, Adolphe, 180 Storck & Sinfheimer, 176 Storr, Paul, 157, 158, 159, 160,

162, 184, 189 Stothard, Thomas, 159 strainers, 16, 21, 26, 27, 203 strapwork, 77, 83, 84, 87, 89, 92,

96 Strasbourg, 77, 113, 130 Stratford, H., 164 Street, G.E ., 163 strigils, silver, 18, 21, 23 Stuart and Revett's AntiquiLie5 of

Athens, 146 Stuma Paten , 34 Stupell , Carole, 211 Stuttgart goldsmiths, 152 5[)'{e rustique (Mannerism), 87 Styles , A lex, 205,206, 214 Sue et Mare, 198, 20 1 Suffiot, jacques·Germain, 141 sugar bowls/basins, 145, 147,

147,176,184,186,187,192 sugar caskets, 106 sugar casters, 70, 103, 147, 154 sugar vase, 155, 185 Suger, Ahbot, 38, 39, 4 I, 43, 44,

44, 45 , 45, 48, 53, 56 Sumerians, 7, 9 Sunyer, Raman, 183 surtout Cl table, 1 03~4, 127, 128,

202 Sutton Hoo Ship·Burial, 31, 33,

34 Svenska Slojdforeningen , 207 Swedish silver, 105, 153, 154;

hallmarking, 239; 19th. century, 184-5; rococo, 154; Royal Collection, 99, 99; 20th·

century, 207, 208, 209, 220, 222

sweetmeat dish (Ramsden), 206 Swiss silver, 69, 70, 71,118, 120,

181,211, 239 Sy & Wagner of Berlin, 176, 177 Sylvius, Balthasar, 77 Syracuse, sacking of, 2 1 ~2 Szentpetery, jozsef, 178

T tabernacles, 58 , 59, 109, 110,

112, 183 table centrepieces: Art Nouveau,

171; epergnes, 104, 138, 150, 164; fruitiers, 104; 19th. century, 159, 171, 175~6, 179, 184, 187; Poseidon, 136, 137; rococo, Ll8, 131, 152, 154; surtouts , 1 03~4 , 127, 128, 202

table plateau i Boulton), 158 table services/tableware, 173;

Commodore Rodgers', 189, 190; Napoleon's, 167, 189; Prince of Wales', 136~7; rococo, 128, 131, 136; 17th and 18th centuries, 102~5, I 17, 119; stainless steel, 199; 20th-century, 199, 204; see also dinner services; tea services

tables, silver, 107, 107 tabulae, altar, 50, 5 I, 52 Taglietti, Fantino, 109 tankards, 89, 92, 120, 123, 169,

186, 189; auricular style, 96 , 97; baroque, 96, 97, 105, 105, 119,119,120, 185; silver· mounted fa,on de Venise, 93

taperstick, 159 Tarentum , box mirrors from, 19 Tassie, james, 148 Tassilo chalice, 44 tasters, 103 Tatham, C.H., 159 ravora, Marquis Luis de, 109,

113 Tayler, William, 136 tazzas, 67, 70, 70, 76, 76~7, 81,

81, 83, 95, 105 tea caddies, 106, 108, 133, 138,

147, I SO, 170, 203 tea canisters, pear,shaped, 153 tea· kettles, 137, 1.38, 142, 150,

151,184,188 teapots and urns: 'Cube' , 204,

206; Marianne Brandt's, 203, 203; neoclassical, 147, 147, 150, 150, 155; 19th·century, 158, 166, 176, 178; rococo, 130, 137, 153; Sandoz, 199; Scottish bullet, 150, 165; 17th· century, 106, 123

tea, services, tea,sets, 199; 'Como', (Sabattini), 211; 19th­century, 158, 164, 165, 166, 173~4, 176, 176, 185, 190, 191, 194; Post·Modern Munari, 223; 'Sphere' (Wilcox Co.), 211; Tobias Baur's, 106,119; 20th·century, 200, 205, 205

Teller clock, 108 Tello, F., 183 Templier, Raymond, 201 Terentiev, Dimitri, 121 ter Moye, Dirich, 120 Tessin, Nicodemus, the Younger,

100' Tetard, 171 Tetard, Freres, lOO, 200 textured surfaces, 199, 203, 206,

207 Theed, William, 158, 159 Thelott, johann Andreas, 95, 119 Theodorus of Samos, 10 Theodosius I, Emperor, 30, 32,

35 Theodosius Dish, 30, 32, 35 Theophano, cross of, 43 Theophilus, 226, 227 Theopompus, 9 Thomason, Edward, 158 Thom pson, F.H., 165 Thorketill, Abbot, 50 Thune, M.N., 186 Tiberius, Emperor, 23 Tiberius, Emperor Maurice, 35

Tiffany, Charles L., 193 Tiffany, Louis Comfort, 193, 194 Tiffany's of New York, 163 , 171,

189, 191~3, 199,211,213 ,21 4, 2 I 5; coffee set, 192; Magnolia Vase, 193,193

Tiffany Studios, 193, 194 Tillet , Gabriel, 130 Tiron , j.M., 145 Titan or Jupiter Vase, 161, 182 Tivoli Treasure, 20, 20, 22 Todi Cathedral, Giardini lamp,

109 toilet services /sets: Calverley,

109; Dauphine's (Berain), 100; Duke of Norfolk 's (Pyne), IOZ; Duke of Wellington's, 183, 183; 18th.century, 119, 165; Gubbay, 102, 109; Hellenistic, 18, 19,21; Marie Leczinska's, 128; medieval, 53; neoclassical, 145; rococo, 128; Roman , 23~ 4, 28, 33; I 7th·century, 108~9, 111; William and Mary' s, 108, 111

Tols. , Manuel, 195 Tombesi, Roberto, 181 tools and equipment, 226~7, 227,

231 Topham & White of Dublin,

166 Tostig of Northumberland, Earl

of,52 Tostrup, j acob, 186 Tostrup, Olaf, 186, 187 Tostrup's, 207 touchstone method of assay, 240 Tourdan, Hemmoo r bucket

from , 28 Tournai Cathedral shrines, 56,

57 Tourrette, enamellist, 172 Trafalgar Vases, 159 Transitional style, 52, 56 Traprain Treasure (Traprain

Law), 29, 30, 3 I, 34 Traquair , Phoebe, 165 Trasimene, Lake, silver hoard,

21,23 Travani, Giovanni Francesco,

109, 113 trays, silver, 100, 133, 176; nefs Cl

cadenas, 103, 104, 105 Treadwell, David, 189 Treaty of Utrecht (1579), 113 Trebenishte , IIIyriana burials at ,

10 Treglia, Aniello and Nicola, 112 trembleuses, 108, 152 Trier, 28, 30,47 The Trial of the Pyx, 234 triptychs, 58; portable, 41 ~2 Troia Cathedral tabernacle, 112 trompe {'oeil silverwork, 189 'Troubadour' or 'Cathedrale' style,

168 Troy, 7, 9 Tudor jewel House, 73, 75, 91 Tugot , Marie,Antoine,Joseph,

145 Tumpel, Wolfgang, 203 tureens (soup): Berainesque, 100;

Fletcher and Gardiner's, 189, 190; Meissonier's, 126, 128; neoclassical , 142, 143, 143, 144, 144, 145, 147, 150; Orlov dinner,service, 143; rococo, 103,126,127,128,129,130, 130,134,137,151,152; Thomas Germain's, 127, 129; Vincenzo Belli' s, 1.30

Turin, 23, 111, 152 Turin Exhibition (1902), In ,

174,178, 180,182,191

U U ffi zi, Florence, 83, 1I0~1 I, 159 Ugolino di Vieri, 59, 61 unguenwria, Hellenistic. 2 J

Union Centra le des Arts Decoratifs, Paris, 170, 171

I' U nion des Artistes Modernes (UAM), 199, 201, 202, 207

United Kingdom, see English, Irish and Scottish s ilver

United Provinces, see Netherlands

· INDEX· 255

LJnited States (North American) silver: 18th.century, I 54~5, 155; makers' marks in, 239; 19th.century, 163, 189~94; 17th.century, 105, 106, 123; 2Oth.century, 199,207,214, 214,215,224,224

Urraca, Dona, chalice, of, 44 Utermarcke, Dirich, 91, 120 Utrecht silver, 93, 95~6, 97, 112,

113 , 173 , 174

V Valadier, Luigi, 152, 152, 181 Valencian s ilver, 65 Va lentinian I, Emperor, 32 Valentinian 11, Emperor, 30, 32 Van Bossuit , 136 Van den Eynde, H.A., 173 Van de Velde, Henry 174, 177,

178 Van Dokkum, Gerhardus W. ,

173 Van Erp, Yuo T., 173 Van Eyck, jan, 65 Van Kempen, Louis, 173 Van Kempen Ill, ).M., 173, 174 Van Kempen & Zonen, c., 173 Van Loo , jean·Baptiste, 125 Van Vianen family of Utrecht,

93, 113, 114, 132 Van Vianen, Adam, 95, 96, 97 Van Vianen, Christian, 95~6,

115, 116 Van Vianen, Paul, 95, 96 Varpelev , Roman silver from, 26 Varus, Roman commander, 22 Vasari, Giorgio, 83 Vase de Saint Martin, 38, 38 vase designs, della Bella's, 142,

142, 148, 150 Vassiliev, M ikail, 121 Vechte, Antoine, 160, 161, 162,

169,171; Titan or Jupiter Vase, 161, 182

Velikiy Ustug niello work, 188 Venetian silver, 59, 62 , 65, Ill ,

152 Venticane, Roman jug from, 29~

30 Verdun Cathedral portable altar,

43 Vergina Treasure, 15, 16, 17 verroterie cloisonnee, 38, 38, 39, 47 Versailles, 99~ 100, 107 Vertue, George, 134, 136 Verulonia, 1 I, 12 Viaucourt, Jean de, 112 Vicente, Gil, 63 Vico, Enea, 95 Victoria, Princess Royal, 176 Victoria, Queen, 157, 161, 166,

166, 168, 169 Victoria and Albert Museum,

11, 109, 160, 161~2, 163 Videau, Ayme, 137 Vien, joseph·Marie, 141~2 Vienna Exhibition (1873) , 173,

176,179 ,181, 182, 183,189 Vienne Cathedral head·reliquary,

47 Viennese s ilver, 109; Burgundian

beaker, 65; celestia l globe (Emmoser), 88, 88; Imperial cross (1 I th·century), 43; 19th· century, 177, 178, 179~81; Wiener Werks6itte, 179, I 80~ 81,198,198,203,205

Vigfusson, S., 187 Villers, Claude de, I 12, 1 I 6 Vinaccia, Giandomenico, 112 Viners, Benney designs, 214,

217~18 Viollet·le·Duc, Eugene, 170 Virgin and Child reliquary

sratues: Ely, 50; Golden Madonna, Essen, 48, 49; St· Denis, 37, 62

Visscher, Claes jansz, 114 Vitruvian scroll, 142, 145, 147,

151 , 152 Vittorio Emmanuele, King of

Italy, 182 Vivant,Denon, Voyage dam la

Basse et la Haute Egypte, 158 Vi,e painted tomb, 23 Vogt, johann Heinrich, 107

256 . HISTORY OF SILVER .

Volhard methods of assay, 240 Vollgold, D. & Sbhne of Berlin,

214,216; Epithalamium Cup (Burton) to commemorate wedding of, 21.6; investiture crown (Os man), 217, 218

Welwyn, Roman deep cups from, 20, 22

116 Willms, A.A., 160, 168 Wilm, Hermann ]ulius, 175 Wilson, Henry, 165 Wiltberger, Christian, 189 Wilten chalice, 43, 44 Wimbush, Thomas, 159 Windsor Castle, 159

Ba/bee and The Ruins of Pa/myra, 147

176, 177 Wende, Theodor, 177 Wren, Christopher, 100 Wright, Russel, 211 volumetric methods of assay, 240

Vos & Co. of Rotterdam, 174 Voskressenye Slovonrichtee

West & Son, James, of Dublin, 166

gospel cover, 121

Walker, James, chain stores, 214 Walker and Hall Ltd, 163, 204, Wettingen Treasure, 28

wrought silver, 7, 116, 152, 163, 203,205,224

Vouni Treasure, Cyprus, 15 Vulliamey's silver book, 136

218 Walpole, Horace, 127, 138 Walton, George, 165 Warndorfer, Fritz, 180

Weyhe, Bernhard Heinrich, 152 White, E., 166

Wroxerer, Roman mirror from, 28

Whitehouse, James H., 193 Wibald, Abbot of Stavelot, 42,

wine coaster, neoclassical, 147 wine-coolers, 116, 117, 123, 147;

Wiiest, Hans Cas par I, 179 Wyatt, James, 149 Wyatville, 160 47

W waiters, 147 Waagepeterson, Christian, 187 Wagenfeld, Wilhelm, 203 Wager cup, Viennese, 180 Wagner, Charles, 168, 176 Wagner, E.A., 176

Warner, Andrew Elliott, 190 Warwick Vase, 159, 186, 189 Waschmann, Karl, 179 Waterhouse, G. & S., of Dublin,

166 Water Newton Treasure, 34 Watkins, David, 224

Wickes, George, 132-3, 133, 136,137,147,151,160

Widdowson & Veale, 159 Wiener Werkstatte, 179, 180- 81,

198,198,203,205

19th-century, 159, 175, 189; rococo, 125, 127, 131, 132

Winter, John, 147 Wirkkala, Sam, 224 Wirkkala, Tapio, 201, 208, 209,

220

Wyndham ewer, 91, 91

y Yamazaki,218

Wilcox, S.P., 211 Wise, T. & A., 219

Wagner, Johann, 176

Watteau, Antoine, 133, 134, 171 weapons, Mannerist jewelled, 86,

Wilhelm I, Emperor of Germany, 175, 175

Wisinger, Maurice, 180 Wiskemann of Brussels, 213 Wittelsbach, Otto von, 49 WMF of Geislingen, 178, 203,

Ypres fair, medieval, 61 - 2 Ytewael, Joachim, 95

Wagnet, Otto, 180 Wailly, Charles de, 141- 2, 143 Wakelin, Edward, 133, 136, 137,

88 Webb, Mrs Vanderbilt, 215 Webster, H.L., 190 Wedgwood, potters, 99, 159 Weidner, Gerhard, 179 Welles, Clara Barck, 194 Wellington, Duke of: table-

Wilhelm II, Emp!,or of Germany, 177 ,

Wilkens & Sbhn~, M.H., of Z

213 Zakrtow, Hemmoor bucket

147, 148, 150 Bremen, 176, 178 Wolfers, E., 174

Wolfers, Louis, 174 Wolfers, Philippe, 174- 5 Woltf, Jeremias, 10 1 Wollenweber, W., 176 Wolvinius altar, 41, 41

from, 28

Wakely and Wheeler, 205, 206, 206

Walbrook Mithraeum, strainer and casket, 26, 27

Wales, Prince and Princess of,

service, 157; toilet service, 183, 183

Wilkinson, George, 191 Willaume, David, : 115, 116 Willet, Captain Thomas, 123 William the Conqueror, 47, 54 William III of Orange, King, 101,

Zales chain stores, CSA, 214 Zethelius, Adolf, 184, 184 Zimmerman, E.G., 176 Zuccaro, Federigo, 95 Zurich silver, 118, 120, 181

Welch, Robert, 206, 218, 219 105,105,107,108, Ill, 114, Wood & Dawkins, The Ruins of

ACKNOWLEDGEMEN,TS Museums and Art Galleries The Warden and Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford, 65 (bequest of Mrs Catherine Griffith); Archaeological Museum, Plo vd iv, 13, 19 bottom; Archae­ological Museum, Thessaloniki, 14 right, 15, 16, 17; Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 74 right; Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, 26,49 bottom; by courtesy of The Trustees of The British Museum, London, 24- 5, 29 left, 31,46 right, 61 left, 63 bottom right (on loan from The Vicar and Parochial Church Council, Lacock), 77, 84 (Waddesdon Bequest), 89, 126; The Brooklyn Museum, New York, 190 top (gift of The Estate of May S. Kelley); Trustees of The Chatsworth Settlement, 1, 2-3,4- 5,6,104 bottom, 105 left, 111, 115 bottom; Conques Abbey Museum, 48 right; The Cleveland Museum of Art, 128 right (purchase, Leonard C. Hanna,Jr. Bequest); Dumbarton Oaks Collection, Washington, 35; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 20; Frisian Museum, Leeuwarden, 97 bottom (on loan from the board of the Popta Almshouse, Marssum); Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg, 79, 203; The ]. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, 128 left; Groeningemuseum, Bruges, 70; Collection of The State Museums of the Moscow Kremlin, 90 left, 92 left, 121; Kunstgewerbemuseum, Berlin, 80, 92 right; Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, 24 bottom, 43 top, 63 bottom left, 64 left, 72; Kunstindustrimuseet, Copenhagen, 186; Kunstindustrimuseet, Oslo, 165 bottom, 185; Los Angeles County Museum of Art/Mr and Mrs Arthur Gilbert, 73; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 8 (gift of]. Pierpont Morgan), 18 top and 21 (Rogers Fund), 22 bottom (Fletcher Fund), 32 right (The Cloisters Collection), 32 left and 88 (gift of). Pierpont Morgan), 94 (Rogers Fund), 140 (gift of Mr and Mrs Charles Wrightsman), 147 top (bequest of A.T. Clearwater), 193 (gift of Mrs Winthrop Atwell); Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 81 Games Ford Bell Family Foundation Fund, The M.R. Schweitzer Fund and The Christina N. and Swan]. Turnblad Memorial Fund), 191 (lent by the family of John Booth Cooley); Musee Bouilhet-Christofle, Saint-Denis, 172; Musee d' Art et d'Histoire, Geneva, 86 top; Musee des Antiquites Nationales, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 19 top; Musee des Arts Decoratifs, Paris , 171; Musee Nissim de Camondo, Paris, 143 right; Musees de Sens, 43 bottom; Musees Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Brussels, 48 left; Museo Archeologico, Florence, 12; Museo degli Argenti, Florence, 71 left; Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Orvieto, 60; Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Siena, 110; Museo di Villa Giulia, Rome, 11; Museo Nazionale, Naples, 18 bottom, 23; Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon, 62; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 10 bottom (Francis Bartlett Donation), 27 right (Helen and Alice Coburn Fund); The Museum of London, 27 left; National Archaeological Museum, Athens, 22 top; National Gallery of Art, Washing­ton, 45 (Widener Collection); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 155 top; National Hermitage Museum, Leningrad, 14 left, 33; National Museum, Bucharest, 29 right; National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, 42 top, 151 right; Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, 154 left; National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, 42 bottom (reproduced by Gracious Permission of Her Majesty The Queen), 76 top; Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen, 57; Osterreichisches Museum Fur Angewandte Kunst, Vienna, 177, 198 top; The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, 55 top right; Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, 30 right; Residenzmuseum, Munich, 75, 78 right, 86 bottom, 100; Reunion des Musees Nationaux, Paris, 24 top, 36, 39, 44, 74 left, 98 bottom, 103, 119 top (© CNMHS/SPADEM); Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 85, 96, 97 top, 173; Rbmermuseum, Augst, 30 left; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, 195; The St Louis Art Museum, 188 right (bequest of The Harry Edison Foundation);

Schatzkammer, Vienna, 46 top left; Schweizerisches Landesmuseum, Zurich, 118; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 190 bottom, 194; Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Kassel, 106; Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, 80 left, 92 right; Staatsbibliothek, Munich, 50; Capitolo di S. Pietro in Vaticano, Rome, 80 right; by courtesy of The Trustees of The Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 10 top, 58, 92 bottom, 93, 104 top, 109, 113, 114, 122, 134 left, 142, 148, 156, 158 right, 159, 160, 162 bottom, 164, 166, 169,179, 183,192,205 top, 207 bottom, 217; The Waiters Art Gallery, Baltimore, 153; Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, 123 (The Mabel Brady Garvan Collection), 155 bottom.

We would like to thank the following for lending us their materials: A.C.L., Brussels, 52, 54 top, 55 top left; Archivio IGDA, 11, 12; Bavaria-Verlag, Gauting, 49 top; Friedrich Becker, Dusseldorf, 222; Lee Boltin Picture Library, New York, 13, 19 bottom; ].H. Bourdon-Smith Ltd., London, 150 top; Viky Calliora, 29 Voukourestion, 136 Athens, 14 right, 15, 16, 17; Christie, Manson & Woods Ltd., London, 68,129,130, 143 left, 145, 151 left, 152 bottom, 170, 188 left; Collection of Mr and Mrs Cotton, Guernsey, 216 top; Crown Copyright, reproduced with the permission of The Controller of HMSO, 98 top, 105 right; Crown Copyright, reproduced by Gracious Permission of Her Majesty the Queen, 135 top, 162 top; Prudence Cuming Associates Ltd., London, 108, 112; The Design Council, London, 203; Collection of The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, K.T., Boughton House, Kettering, 115 top; by kind permission of His Grace The Duke of Marlborough, 131, 137; Edimedia, Paris/ Roger Guillemot, 64 right; Arline Fisch , San Diego, 214 top; L. Garner Collection, London, 198 bottom, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204 top, 205 bottom, 206 top, 208, 209, 210, 211; Garrard & Co. Ltd., London, 150 bottom; Giraudon, Paris, 48 right, 55 bottom; Hancocks & Co. Gewellers) Ltd., 165 top; Hirmer Fotoarchiv, Munich, 38, 53; Brand lnglis, London, 135 bottom, 138, 139 left, 146; Georg ]ensen, Copenhagen, 215; Stanley Lechtzin, Melrose Park, Pennsylvania, 224 left; Grant Macdonald, London, 224 right; Novosti Press Agency, London 92 left; Okehampton Town Council, 117; Olle Ohlsson, Stock­holm, 223 bottom; Collection of H.R.H. Princess ]uliana of The Netherlands, 107; private collection, London, 139 right, 147 bottom; Rheinisches Bildarchiv, Cologne, 47; The Royal Collections, Stockholm, 99, 144 bottom, 184; Sabattini S.p.a., Bregnano, 223 top; Scala, Florence, 40, 60, 61 right, 71 left; Sotheby, Parke Bernet & Co., London, 76 bottom, 124, 144top, 149, 152 top, 154right, 1581eft, 168,174,176,178,180,181; Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, Lugano, 101, 119 bottom; Vaap, Moscow, 14 left, 33, 121; Robert Welch, Chipping Campden, 219; The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, London, 161, 196,204 bottom, 206 bottom, 207 top, 212, 216 bottom, 218, 220 top, 221.

We would also like to thank these photographers for their help: Beedle & Cooper, Northampton, 115 top; Sheldon Collins (Metropolitan Museum, New York), 90 left; Simon De Courcy-Wheeler, London, 1, 2-3, 4-5, 6, 111, 161, 196,204 bottom, 212, 216 bottom, 220 top, 221; Hilda Deecke, Berlin, 80 left; Lucinda Douglas-Menzies, 216 top; Umicini Giovanni, Padua, 69; Grassi, Siena, 110; lan Haigh, 220 bottom; Marie Ann Hailer, Sudstadt, 46 top left; R. Leducq, Maubeuge, 56; Ann Munchow, Aachen, 41, 46 bottom, 51; R. Pedicini, Naples, 18 bottom, 23; ]oe Rock, Edinburgh, 91; N. Terebenin, Moscow, 33; Thomas Photos, Oxford, 65; C. Valkenburg, Brussels, 48 left; H. Vanhaelewyn, Bruges, 70.