The Holocaust and the UDHR

CHC2D8Ms. Gluskin

THE HOLOCAUSTDay 1

Millions and millions of people murdered and persecuted by the Nazis across Europe

Killing of Millions• Holocaust (noun) = the killing of millions of Jews and other

people by the Nazis during World War II

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, A Changed World: The Continuing Impact of the Holocaust, N.d., http://www.ushmm.org/information/exhibitions/online-features/special-focus/aftermath (May 5, 2014).

Thousands and thousands of shoes of Nazi victims

German Control in Europe

• http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_nm.php?ModuleId=10005143&MediaId=7827

• Animated map

• The Path to Nazi Genocide (38 mins)• http://

www.ushmm.org/learn/introduction-to-the-holocaust/path-to-nazi-genocide

Concentration Camps• Concentration camps (noun) = prisons where people were

forced to work for the Nazis

Prisoners who have just arrived at Buchenwald concentration camp, 1938

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Holocaust Encyclopedia: Concentration Camps, N.d., http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?ModuleId=10005263&MediaId=932 (May 5, 2014).

Work = Forced Labour

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Concentration Camps, 1939-1942, N.d., http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?ModuleId=10005474&MediaId=618 (May 5, 2014).

Forced labour at Mauthasen concentration camp in 1938.

Victims of the Nazis• http://

www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/gallery.php?ModuleId=10005149&MediaType=PH

• Jews• Roma people (Gypsies)• Soviet prisoners of war• Handicapped (disabled) people• Jehovah’s Witnesses (Christians with different practices)• Polish people• Homosexuals

Gas Chamber• Gas chambers (noun) = places where Nazis killed people by

putting them in a room where they breathed in poison gas

United States Memorial Museum, Holocaust Encyclopedia, N.d., http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_ph.php?MediaId=670 (May 5, 2014).

Inside of a gas chamber at Auschwitz, 1945.

Vocabulary 162-163

• Holocaust (noun) = the killing of millions of Jews and other people by the Nazis during World War II

• Concentration camps (noun) = prisons where people were forced to work for the Nazis

• Death camps (noun) = camps where people were killed by the Nazis

• Gas chambers (noun) = places where Nazis killed people by putting them in a room where they breathed in poison gas

Activity

• At each station, fill in the worksheet to learn about different aspects of the Holocaust:

1. Jewish Life in Europe Before the Holocaust2. Ghettos3. Einsatzgruppen4. Concentration Camps and Death Camps5. Other Victims

Jewish Life in Europe Before the War

• Jews lived in 21countries in Europe and had lived there for a long time

• Jews were just like other people: some lived in cities, some lived in the countryside; some were religious, some were not; some assimilated into the country they lived in, some didn’t; some were rich, some were poor, some were in-between

• The Nazis hated all Jews

Ghettos

• Nazis forced Jews into ghettos because:– They wanted their land or their homes for Germans to take

over– They wanted them to work (forced labour)– They didn’t care if they died from bad conditions

• Ghettos were crowded so disease spread quickly and people died because there was not enough food.

• The Warsaw Ghetto held 30% of the city’s population in about 2.4% of the land. It was crowded.

Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing squads)

• When the Germans invaded the Soviet Union this is how they killed Jews there:– They found out who was Jewish, forced them to go

outside the city, made them dig a pit, take their clothes off, go in the pit, and shot them.

• Outside Kiev 33 771 Jews were killed in 3 days.• Soldiers didn’t like this method of killing so the

Nazis came up with the idea of gas chambers to kill Jews more efficiently.

Camps

• Flowchart: the Nazis had a very organized method for selecting who would live to work and who would die in the gas chambers.

• The children in the picture were selected to die. The Nazis wanted to kill the future of the Jewish people.

• They cremated (burned) the bodies because they wanted it to be a secret.

Other Victims

• Roma were treated similarly to Jews: (220 000- 500 000 were killed out of an estimated total 942 000 in German occupied Europe) – Sent to ghettos– Shot by Einsatzgruppen– Gassed in death camps

Discrimination Against…

• Polish people (1.9 million killed)– Killed by Einsatzgruppen– Forced labour– Killed in gas chambers

• Handicapped (disabled – physically and mentally) people (200 000 – 250 000 killed)– Not allowed to marry– Killed

Nazis Targeted People Who Were Different

• Homosexuals (men who have sexual relations with other men)– Nazis didn’t like their lifestyle– Nazis didn’t like that they didn’t have children who

could contribute to the German population• Jehovah’s Witnesses– They were Christian but in a different way from

other Germans– They did not serve in the army

Overall…

• The Nazis wanted to CONTROL everyone under their rule:– Where they live– If they live– Who they marry– If they can have children– What religion they practice– What rights they have

Words to Express Feelings

• How do you feel when you learn about the Holocaust:

I feel…

Sad Depressed Overwhelmed Sorry for the victims

Confused Worried Curious Unsure

It’s hard to believe

I don’t understand how this could happen

How could people be so cruel to other people

?

Mad Angry Frustrated Unhappy

THE UDHR (UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS)

Day 2

Did the world have to change after WWII and the Holocaust?Did we need to protect people’s rights?How would we make these changes?

Universal

• Universal (adjective) = for everyone

Declaration

• Declaration (noun) = an official statement

Human Rights

• Human rights (noun) = rights that every person has and that cannot be taken away

How the Nazis Saw the World…And How the UDHR Sees the World

Nazi View UDHR ViewControl people Protect peopleTake away their rights Rights cannot be taken

awayDiversity is bad (Germans are superior)

Diversity is good (everyone is different but equal)

Limit freedom Give freedom

UDHR

Amnesty International Australia, UDHR Poster, N.d., http://shop.amnesty.org.au/products/udhr-poster (May 2, 2014).

“No one can take your rights away.”

Cause and Consequence

Holocaust and WWII

UDHR

Vocabulary 164-165

• Universal (adjective) = for everyone• Declaration (noun) = an official statement• Human rights (noun) = rights that everyone

person has and that cannot be taken away

Activity

• Fill in TLS Worksheet 3.1.12 (UDHR).– Read each article. – On the right side, write something that happened

during the Holocaust to show that that right did not exist for Jews or others during the Holocaust.

– At the end, fill in the conclusion at the bottom of the sheet.