the holocaust def. - nazi germany’s systematic murder of european jews –6 million jews...
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The HolocaustThe Holocaust•Def. - Nazi Germany’s systematic
murder of European Jews–6 million Jews–2/3’s of Europe’s Jewish population–6 million others’•Gypsies, mentally ill, physically disabled, homosexuals, homeless, Socialist, and Communist
Why?Why?• Scapegoats– economic and political
• Anti-Semitism– Persecution or hostility towards
Jews
• Nazi Philosophy of “Aryan Race”
What are they?What are they?• These included the Civil Service Law and the Preservation of Blood
and Honour Laws– ARTICLE 2
• A citizen of the Reich may be only one who is of German or kindred blood, and who, through his behavior, shows that he is both desirous and personally fit to serve loyally the German people and the Reich.
• German Jews were systematically denied their rights of citizenship and pushed out of the German nation
1. Stripping of 1. Stripping of CitizenshipCitizenship
• Examples– Forbid marriage
b/w Jews and non-Jews
– Banned Jewish doctors from treating non-Jews
– “Aryanize” Jewish business - dismissed Jewish managers and employees
– carry ID cards - Star of David
KristallnachtKristallnacht• November 9-10,
1938• “night of broken
glass”• Destroyed Jewish
stores, houses, and synagogues
2. Placed in Ghettos2. Placed in Ghettos• Sealed off Jewish
communities by barbed wire or walls
• Often overcrowded
• Lack of food and sanitation
• Brought about disease, increase in death rate
Warsaw GhettoWarsaw Ghetto•Largest
Jewish ghetto (Poland)–450,000 Jews–30% of
population•In an area of 1.3 miles
3. Deportation &3. Deportation &Concentration CampsConcentration Camps
• Put on trains for concentration camps - labor camps– Usually for
POW’s and political leaders
– Very harsh life– All work, very
little food
SS - EinsatzgruppenSS - Einsatzgruppen• mobile killing
units–Kill by firing
squad–Murder racial
or political leaders behind the front lines
Plan for “Final Plan for “Final Solution”Solution”
• Death camps - extermination centers, ovens, gas chambers– Mass murder of Jews
•Zyklon B
Most of those killed at the "wall of death" were Poles. A sand pit was dug along the wall to collect the blood. Victims were made to undress in washrooms in Block 11 before they were taken outside and shot. If their number was small, sometimes the prisoners were simply shot in the washrooms. The SS also used the courtyard to flog prisoners or hang them from a post by their wrists, which were twisted behind their backs. The wall now serves as a memorial to its victims.
Horrors of the Holocaust Horrors of the Holocaust ExposedExposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Horrors of the Holocaust ExposedExposed
Mass Graves at Bergen-Belsen
LiberationLiberation• to set free
– The Russians were 1st to liberate many camps
– Americans could not believe what they saw
November 1945• 24 leading Nazis on trial
– Planning the war– Committing war crimes– Committing crimes
against humanity– Conspiring to commit
crimes– 12 received the death
penalty– 7 received jail sentences– 3 were acquitted– Thousands of other Nazis
were tried and jailed in other courts
• Most important – ind. were responsible for their own actions