The Human Body Plan```````````````````

How to Build and Maintain Your Own

I. Organizational Hierarchy

A. cell – basic unit of structure and function

I. Organizational Hierarchy

B. tissue – group of similar cells that perform the same basic function.

I. Organizational Hierarchy

• C. organ – tissues that work together to carry out a specific function.

I. Organizational Hierarchy

D. organ system – group of organs that work together to achieve a common goal.

I. Organizational Hierarchy

E. organism – sum of all organ systems

II. Body Tissues

Four Types:1.Muscle2.Nervous3.Epithelial4.Connective

II. Body Tissues

A. Muscle 1. responsible for movement2. cells contract3. 3 types

a. cardiacb. skeletalc. smooth

II. Body Tissues

B. Nervous1. receive and transmit messages via electrical impulses2. specialized cells – neurons

II. Body Tissues

C. Epithelial 1. layers of cells covering all internal and external body surfaces 2. form protective barriers

II. Body TissuesD. Connective

1. all other tissuesa. boneb. cartilage

II. Body Tissues - Connective

c. Tendon – connects muscle to bone

d. Ligament – connects bone to bone

II. Body Tissues - Connective

d. fat

II. Body Tissues - Connective

e. bloodf. lymph

II. Body Tissues – Connective

2. embedded in intercellular substance called matrix, can be:a. solidb. semisolidc. liquid

III. Organs

• Organs are 2 or more tissues working together on the same task.

• Ex. Heart

IV. Organ Systems – REDMENCRIIS

1. Respiratory – gas exchange2. Excretory – removal of metabolic wastes3. Digestive – intake and absorption of nutrients4. Muscular - movement5. Endocrine – communication via chemical messages (hormones)6. Nervous – communication via electrical impulses7. Circulatory – distribution of nutrients and wastes8. Reproductive – self-explanatory9. Immune – protection against infection/disease10. Integumentary – physical barrier, regulation of body temperature11. Skeletal – support, protection of internal organs

V. Body Cavities

• protect organs, allow them to expand & contract with support.

1. Cranial – encases brain

2. Spinal – surrounds spinal cord

IV. Body Cavities4. Thoracic – contains heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchii5. Abdominal a. contains organs of digestive, reproductive, & excretory systemsb. separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm (3), a wall of muscle.