the human brain. tools for viewing brain structure and activity eeg electroencephalogram measures...
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The Human Brain
Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity
EEG Electroencephalogram measures electrical
currents across the brain
Measure brain activity
Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity
CT scan Also called a CAT scan Computerized axial
tomography X-ray of brain tissue Shows brain structure
Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity
PET scan Positron Emissions
Tomography Patients drinks
radioactive glucose and image shows areas of brain activity.
Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity
MRI Magnetic Resonance
Imaging Exposes brain to
magnetic field Shows brain structure
Tools for Viewing Brain Structure and Activity
fMRI functional MRI Uses magnetic field Not harmful Shows brain structure
and activity
Make a Venn Diagram:
SHOWS STRUCTURE
SHOWS FUNCTION
Types of Neurons
Sensory Neurons – Afferent Neurons
Carry the message from the sense organs to the CNS
Interneurons Make up the CNS
Motor Neurons – Efferent Neurons
Carry the message from the CNS to the muscles or glands
Remember – SAME (sensory = afferent, motor = efferent)
The Brain
Gray matter – areas of the CNS with high concentrations of cell bodies; outer surface of cerebrum (cerebral cortex)
White matter – areas of the CNS with mostly myelinated axons; inner part of cerebrum
Glial cells – cells in the brain that nourish and protect neurons
10 Facts about the Brain
Brain Stem
Structure Location Function
Medulla where spinal cord meets the skull
controls heartbeat and breathing
Pons above the medulla this also controls involuntary functions.
Reticular Formation
bundle of nerves running through the brainstem
controls arousal; filters irrelevant background information from senses; modulates pain.
Thalamus
Thalamus
Pair of egg-shaped organs above the brainstem
receives information from the senses (EXCEPT FOR SMELL) and relays it to the rest of the brain.
Cerebellum
In the rear of the head, behind the brainstem
Controls balance and coordination
Limbic System
Structure Location Function
Amygdala two almond shaped structures
influence fear and aggression
Hypothalamus below the thalamus
regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, sex, fight-or-flight; triggers the pituitary (the “master gland”); reward center
Hippocampus behind the amygdala
memory
Cerebral Cortex
Controls information processing; wrinkled to increase surface area
Composed of 8 lobes (4 on each side)
Frontal Lobes
Broca’s aphasia
The discovery of Broca's area
motor cortex
part of brain that controls voluntary movement)
Broca’s area
needed for forming words; located in left hemisphere only
Association areas
in this region – judgment, planning, processing new memories
Parietal Lobes
Located on the top and rear of head
sensory cortex part of brain that registers and processes tactile information
angular gyrus left hemisphere only) which is involved in converting written words into sound
Occipital Lobes
Located in the back of the head
Contains the visual cortex
Temporal Lobes
Located on the sides of head, above ears
Receives and processes auditory information
Wernicke’s aphasia
Wernicke’s area left hemisphere only) - part of brain involved in understanding language
Corpus Callosum
bundle of nerves connecting the left and right hemispheres
Brain Story
Name that brain part