the ian information appliance network in pervasive home computing

The IAN Information Appliance Network™ in

Pervasive Home Computing

An introduction to home networking technologies and markets

Ian O'Sullivan, Strategic Marketing

Enikia Incorporated 200 Centennial Avenue

Piscataway, NJ 08854

www.enikia.com 732-980-1200 732-980-0700

Enikia Incorporated

The IAN Information Appliance Network™ in Pervasive Home Computing ii

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ................................................................................................... ii

Figures................................................................................................................. iii

Introduction........................................................................................................... 3

The Pervasive Computing Vision ............................................................................... 3

The Home Infostructure™ Solution............................................................................ 5 Home Infostructure Technology Components.......................................................... 5

Home Infostructure Technologies and Functional Requirements .................................... 7 (1) Broadband Local Loop (Home Internet Connectivity)....................................... 7 (2) Residential Gateway (LAN-to-WAN Interface)................................................. 8 (3) Information Appliance Network (IAN)............................................................ 9

Home Network Technology Comparison................................................................... 10 Re-Wired Solutions............................................................................................ 10 “No new wiring” Solutions .................................................................................. 10

IAN Functional Applications.................................................................................... 12 Backbone Networks (high-speed)........................................................................ 12 Mobility Networks (Wireless & RF)....................................................................... 12 Control Networks (low-speed powerline) .............................................................. 12 New Wires Solutions.......................................................................................... 13

Electrodomestic Network Devices (ENDs)................................................................... 7 END Spectrum.................................................................................................. 14 Service and Content Bundling............................................................................. 15

Future Product Concepts – Distributed Music System (DMS)....................................... 16

Household Superstructure...................................................................................... 17 What is the household superstructure? ................................................................ 17 Key Architecture Issues ..................................................................................... 17 Structure Variance............................................................................................17 Usage Variance.................................................................................................18 Example .......................................................................................................... 18

Enikia’s IAN-Information Appliance Network™ .......................................................... 19

Enikia Incorporated............................................................................................... 20

Enikia Incorporated

The IAN Information Appliance Network™ in Pervasive Home Computing iii

Figures

Figure 1. The Components of the Home Infostructure™ 5

Figure 2. ENDs Spectrum 14

The IAN Information Appliance Network™ in Pervasive Home Computing 3

The IAN Information Appliance Network™ in

Pervasive Home Computing

An introduction to home networking technologies and

markets

Introduction As technology experts continue to hail the arrival of the digital revolution and the information era, the average citizen awaits the realities of these promises to materialize in their daily lives. With current desktop PC penetration reaching roughly half of US households, it is difficult to see how this technology revolution will ever reach the mainstream consumer. The concept of pervasive computing has emerged as a vision for the future where people will be able to connect and communicate at anytime from anywhere, using information appliances. As opposed to the general-purpose PC of today, information appliances will be small, inexpensive consumer devices that are optimized to perform a specialized set of user-centric functions.

The Pervasive Computing Vision The vision of pervasive computing to interconnect all people via a globally integrated, ubiquitous network promises greater empowerment for the individual. Yet realizing such a vision requires the implementation of new technologies that, up until now, were merely visionary. Recent advancements in the home networking market promise the arrival of a new era in consumer computing, marked by the emergence of high-speed, multi-layer, in-home networks that will integrate traditional home automation and control technologies (such as X-10 and CEBus) with real-time, media rich applications like voice and video conferencing. Most importantly, these new technologies also involve new deployment strategies that will bring broadband inter-networking applications to the domestic mass market.

Enikia Incorporated


Realizing of such a massmarket revolution will involve new types of strategic planning that will connect individual organizations from different industries into an intricate network of alliances and interest groups. Additionally, this vision requires a simplified consumer-marketing strategy that focuses on customer solutions instead of technology products.

Pervisive Computing Summary • Microchip intelligence is embedded into everyday devices and objects

• People can access information, entertainment and communicate with one another from anywhere at anytime

• Technology invisibly penetrates into the mainstream mass market through a variety of life-enhancing applications

• Device “gadgetry” gives way to simple & practical consumer-centric solutions

• Mainstream Market Value Propositions: Saving time, saving money, enhancing leisure & entertainment

• Long Term Vision: Using technology in ways that empower people to work, live, and play more effectively

Enikia Incorporated


The Home Infostructure™ Solution The Home Infostructure™ represents the technological solution that will bring the vision of pervasive computing to fruition in the domestic marketplace. The Home Infostructure will serve as an economic conduit that connects the next generation of Internet-based vendors with the residential consumers located in the comfort of their own home.

Home Infostructure Technology Components

There are three components to the Home Infostructure:

(1) Broadband Local Loop The high speed Internet connection to the home

(2) Residential Gateway (RG) The interface device that connects the broadband (WAN) to the in-home network (LAN)

(3) Information Appliance Network™ (IAN) The high-speed in-home data network that distributes an Internet connection to ubiquitous access points. The IAN provides inter-connectivity for all electro-domestic networked devices (ENDs) within the home premisis.

Figure 1. The Components of the Home Infostructure™

Definition A technology-enabling platform (home operating system)

Value Role Economic conduit between marketplace vendors and residential consumers

Functional Purpose Integrated technology “pipe” that enables

• Interoperation of electro-domestic network devices (ENDs) or “Information Appliances”

• Distribution of digital media commodities (DMCs) in form of communications, information, and entertainment titles

• Delivery of value-added services (sub-market brokering, network administration, and customer relationship management)

Enikia Incorporated


More than just a connection to the Internet, the Home Infostructure serves as the technology platform that will enable an entirely new generation of user applications, including voice and video communications, e-commerce solutions, personalized news services, home security and automation, utilities resource management, and entertainment title distribution. The Home Infostructure holds significant economic importance to businesses because it serves as a hyper-efficient, mass-market distribution platform that can deliver digital media content and value-added services directly into the hands of the consumer.

Enikia Incorporated


Home Infostructure Technologies and Functional Requirements

(1) Broadband Local Loop (Home Internet Connectivity)

Analysts predict that broadband deployment (via xDSL and cable) will reach about 6 million total subscribers by the year 2002. But this figure remains relatively small considering that there are over 100 million households in the United States.1 Current xDSL and cable subscribers represent early adopters who fit the following psychographic profile:

• They live in a geographic region where the service is available

• They have the financial resources to subscribe to high-speed services

• They have the interest and technological savvy for using such services

Some of these early adopters will participate in the first generation of converged voice and data network applications that will include VoIP telephony, e-commerce, and multi-player gaming. Over time, as the penetration of broadband connectivity reaches a critical mass of subscribers, more advanced applications such as video-conferencing, media distribution, and home health care will emerge. Yet mainstream adoption of broadband technology will only happen when: (a) The network user interface masks the complexity of the underlying

technology, offering an ease-of-use comparable to traditional domestic appliances (like telephones and VCRs) as opposed to the desktop PC.

(b) The service providers offer a single-point-of-contact for network installation,

maintenance, administration and customer interface activities. This may include billing consolidation for multiple services that will be scaled for each consumer’s individual application needs.

Integrating the broadband local loop, the residential gateway, and the Information Appliance Network into a Home Infostructure represents such a solution that will expedite mainstream adoption of the technology. The market players that will drive this convergence include device OEMs, content developers, and service providers who all benefit from having an end-end platform to access the consumer from the Internet. The functional requirements and enabling technologies for the broadband local loop component are as follows:

Functional Requirements • High-Speed (>1Mbps) • Persistent Connection • Bi-Directional Communications • Simultaneous Multi-User

Support • Quality of Service (QoS) Scaling

Enabling Technologies • xDSL • Cable • Powerline (DPL) • Wireless • Satellite • FTTH

1 Source: The Yankee Group

Enikia Incorporated


(2) Residential Gateway (WAN-LAN Interface)

The residential gateway (RG) is the WAN-to-LAN interface device that connects the broadband local loop to the in-home network, effectively bringing a bi-directional communications channel to every networked device in the home. Since it serves as the centralized access point between the home and the outside world, the residential gateway represents an important strategic technology. Additionally, the RG serves as the convergence point that will bridge the different WAN and LAN technologies. The value proposition for the RG to connect the local loop WAN with the in-home LAN can be seen differently from the perspective of the players in each industry: The Broadband Player Perspective Home networking technology will take the “last mile” broadband pipe and extend it to the “last inch.” This would significantly increase the value of broadband services by distributing it to the multitude of intelligent devices (which could run multiple network applications simultaneously) instead of having it terminate at a single PC. The Home Network Player Perspective Broadband connectivity will enable all of the devices on the home network to also have high-speed access to the Internet. While providing a stand alone solution for interconnecting all of the consumers within the home may be somewhat valuable, the ability to connect all of the consumer’s devices to the Internet is truly revolutionary. Another important function of the RG will be to serve as access platform through which service providers can remotely deploy services to the home from the Internet. Service providers will also use this platform for control, query, and network administration functions. With integrated firewall and security features the RG will also facilitate authorized to the home by other third-party service providers (such as a home health care provider). Additionally, the RG serves as the technological bridging point for the integration of sub-network systems. At present, associations such as the Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi), are attempting to develop specifications that may soon become an open industry standard for the RG’s API and physical-layer bridging features.2

Functional Requirements • Remote management access

platform • Sub-Network Bridging

(Interconnectivity and Intercompatibility)

• Distributed application platform • Firewall/Access Authentication

Enabling Technologies • OSGi specification • Home Gate • Jini/Java • Universal Plug-n-Play

2 One of the key cost considerations for deploying the Home Infostructure involves the technical persons who must perform on-site installation or maintenance services. A key optimization criterion for the Home Infostructure hardware technology, and particularly in the RG device, includes the ability to upgrade the hardware, firmware, and software with minimal need for on-site technical service (that is, truck rolls). Ideally, the RG that is integrated into the Home Infostructure would operate on a standardized, open platform interface that can accommodate upgrades remotely (software) or in a plug-and-play fashion (hardware) that will facilitate modifications in the Home Infostructure as the LAN and WAN technologies continue to evolve over time.

Enikia Incorporated


(3) Information Appliance Network (IAN)

A wide variety of technologies exist for interconnecting devices within the home, but no single technology meets all of the requirements for the diversity of applications that will be created. While traditional 10base-T/Cat5 Ethernet systems offer a robust and proven solution, most consumers do not have the time, interest, or knowledge to rewire their homes. Fortunately, the emergence of “no new wiring” technologies offers prospects for solving the mass-market home networking issue. The new technologies include wireless, phoneline, and powerline solutions. Since each solution presents distinct benefits and drawbacks, many organizations are beginning to suggest that all of these technologies will exist in a multi-layered home network architecture.3 Powerline technology, if proven technologically feasible, will provide the backbone of the home network, through which other sub-networks (such as control, entertainment, & mobility) will be interconnected.

Functional Requirements

• Ubiquity: Prevalence of network access points

• Reliability: Operational consistency in face of environmental fluctuation

• Cost: Affordable for mass market

• Speed: Support high speed distribution of media rich content (>10Mbps)

• Mobility: Must support “untethered” devices

• Quality of Service: Must support scalable QoS levels for application requirements of individual devices

• Security: User authentication, encryption, and remote access protection

• Remote Management: Ability for external network management (queries, configuration, upgrades)

• Ease of Use: Operational complexity must be similar to existing technologies, such as telephones and TVs

Enabling Technologies (Without New Wires)

• Phoneline (Backbone)

• Powerline (Backbone & Control)

• Wireless (Mobility)

Enabling Technologies (New Wires)

• Cat5/10Base-T

• IEEE 1394 Firewire

• USB

3 Transcription by Enikia Incorporated, "Home Networking Highlights at NetWorld + Interop: Muti-Layer Home Networks – A NetWorld + Interop Birds of a Feather Discussion," [http://www.enikia.com], 12 May 1999.

Enikia Incorporated


Home Network Technology Comparison

Because no single technology fulfills all of the application requirements of the home network, multiple technologies will be deployed at different times, each addressing the needs of unique market segments. At present, many different technologies promise to address the application requirements of the home network (as outlined in the previous sections) in different ways. The benefits and drawbacks of these technologies are evaluated below.

Re-Wired Solutions

Most of the major white goods, consumer electronics, and computer OEMs now endorse a “no new wiring” strategy for interconnecting their next generation of intelligent devices. Although proven technologies, like 10base-T/CAT5 Ethernet and IEEE 1394 can support broadband data applications, both of these technologies involve running wires between devices across the home premises. This retrofitting process poses various obstacles, including high costs, significant technological complexity, and an awkward installation procedure, which eliminates these technologies as viable mass-market solutions. Instead, these technologies will likely exist as sub-networks, interconnecting clusters of devices, which will then interface with a “no new wiring” home network backbone.

“No new wiring” Solutions

Many emerging technologies, including wireless, phoneline, and powerline, are vying for control to establish themselves as the “no new wiring” home network standard. Whereas each technology has its distinct benefit, high-speed powerline technology, once available, would offer the optimal solution, combining ubiquitous network access points (every power outlet) with the lowest possible cost.

Phoneline Phoneline technology transmits data between multiple phone jacks within the home. Although phoneline technology currently leads the “no new wiring” technologies in product development (with existing products ranging from 1-10 Mbps) the architecture of the phone line system throughout the home premises present an insurmountable obstacle for this technology to be considered as a viable long term solution for the home network backbone. There are several problems with the ubiquity of network access points for phoneline networks which includes the following:

• the limited number of phone jacks per home (especially outside of US)

• the physical location of those jacks with respect to the devices that need to be networked

• the ratio of total networkable devices to available phone jacks

Enikia Incorporated


The ubiquity problem increases when considering international markets. Many homes in Europe and South America have only a single phone jack. While multiple devices could share this connection, this would, in essence, be the same as running new wiring directly between the devices. Thus phoneline technology may dominate the first generation home networks by enabling basic networking applications such as interconnecting multiple PCs, peripheral sharing, and Internet account sharing. But since the ubiquity of phone jacks cannot support pervasive computing in the home, it will later be supplanted by wireless and powerline technologies as long term solutions for the Home Infostructure.

Wireless Wireless communications (including RF and IR) seems to present the ideal solution for the home network, but these solutions have a variety of technical and deployment obstacles. The “multipath effect” can significantly decrease the effective bandwidth within a given home and electro-magnetic radiation (EMR) from neighboring home networks present security concerns. Additionally, industry standards such as HomeRF and Bluetooth both transmit in the unlicensed 2.4Ghz band. Although not intended as competing technologies, these networks will compete for spectrum and impinge on one another’s effective bandwidth if deployed into the same environment. Thus a key concern for RF solutions is not technical in nature but rather strategic, since it involves how the technologies will be deployed and used in real-world settings. Also, with the ongoing evolution towards simpler and cheaper thin-client devices, the cost points of the networking component will be an important factor. Although proponents claim that 100Mbps RF technology will soon be possible, the expense of silicon that can transmit at such high frequencies will likely prove cost prohibitive for the vast majority of consumer information appliances. For these reasons, it is likely that wireless technology will not emerge as a home network backbone solution, but will instead serve to interconnect the class of devices that need mobile communications into a sub-network. These mobility sub-networks will interface with other sub-networks and with the Internet by connecting to the home network backbone.

Powerline Powerline technology transmits data over the existing AC powerline infrastructure within homes. Since most devices already connect to AC outlets for electricity, this would offer an ideal architecture for interconnecting computers as well as the next generation of intelligent electronics and appliances. Until recently, the powerline was not considered a viable option for high-speed data transmission due to the hostility of the communications environment. Appliance noise and attenuation presented engineering difficulties that were considered insurmountable. Yet new breakthroughs in this field present the possibilities to achieve data rates of 10Mbps and above4. Coupled with wireless mobility sub-networks, a powerline home network backbone could offer consumers an ideal platform for pervasive home computing.

4 Enikia Incorporated was the first company to announce 10Mbps powerline technology and the first company to publicly demonstrate functional prototypes of this technology (NetWorld+Interop 1999)

Enikia Incorporated


IAN Functional Applications

Each home networking technology addresses the technical requirements for creating the Home Infostructure in different ways. The following outline provides an overview of the functional applications that each technology will serve best.

Backbone Networks (high-speed)

• Powerline or Phoneline (HomePNA)

Benefits: Although phoneline technology has current products that can interconnect PCs and peripherals for shared Internet access, all information appliances, including appliances, electronics, and computers, must connect to power source in order to operate, which functionally makes the powerline the ideal architecture for the data network.

Drawbacks: Does not solve mobility requirement. Too expensive for low-bandwidth (control and automation) solutions.

Phoneline: Since phone jacks do not offer sufficient network access points to support pervasive computing within home it cannot serve as long term backbone solution. (ubiquity requirement)

Powerline: Experimental technology currently in field trials

Mobility Networks (Wireless & RF)

• Home RF

• Bluetooth

• IEEE 802.11

• Proprietary: Sharewave, Proxim, etc

Benefits: Provides “untethered” solution for devices that need simultaneous mobility and communications

Drawbacks: Limited bandwidth, unresolved security issues, network infringement issues, and comparatively high cost

Control Networks (low-speed powerline)

• X10

• CEBus

• Lonworks

Benefits: Existing product solutions, established industry standards, low cost, simple implementation for control and automation.

Drawbacks: Cannot support real time, high bandwidth, or mobility requirements. Value proposition of stand-alone applications does not incentivize mainstream market to consume products.

Enikia Incorporated


New Wires Solutions

• USB

• Cat-5/10Base-T

• IEEE 1394 “Firewire”

Benefits: Optimal communications environment: Robust, reliable, high speed, etc.

Drawbacks: Penetrating mass market requires “no new wiring” technology. These solutions will primarily extend only to new homes with structured wiring and the technophile/hobbyist and professional home user market.

Enikia Incorporated


Electrodomestic Network Devices (ENDs) Definition: The set of intelligent, electricity-based processing tools used in domestic network environments. Includes all appliances, electronics, and computers that have both embedded intelligence and the ability to communicate with other devices. Also referred to as information appliances, these intelligent devices will have the ability to communicate and interoperate using the in-home network. In cases where the in-home network is connected to a broadband local-loop, like in the Home Infostructure model, these devices will be able to connect to the Internet. This will enable new applications (perhaps proving more important than the devices themselves), such as remote network administration and web-based home control and automation.

END Spectrum

The END spectrum sorts all of the END devices into classes depending on the degree to which a device relies on digital intelligence versus mechanical functions to create value as a consumer-processing tool.

Figure 2. ENDs Spectrum

• Appliances Devices that create value primarily though physical processing features (mechanical functioning).

• Electronics Devices that create value through both physical and logical processing features.

• Computers Devices that create value primarily through logical processing features (digital intelligence).5

5 ENDs are different from traditional devices because of presence of embedded intelligence and ability to communicate through an IAN.

Enikia Incorporated


Service and Content Bundling

The Home Infostructure may also enable these devices to come bundled with service programs and digital content subscriptions delivered from the Internet. For example, a news publisher, like USA Today, might provide new subscribers with specialized “in home” news printers. These smart devices could configure themselves to the Internet and print out personal daily papers with information customized to each subscriber’s interests. Such a system could increase the value of the information delivered to the consumer as well as provide a more efficient distribution process for the publisher. Another example of a content bundling could be a web-based music distributor that sells in-home music servers. The servers would download song titles over the Internet and then stream the music to multiple speakers throughout the home, effectively eliminating the need to purchase CDs at retail music stores.6 An example of service bundling may include a next-generation washing machine that automatically orders new parts and dispatches a maintenance technician in case of mechanical failure as a part of its “service package”.7

6 See Distributed Music System example on the following page. 7 See example in Superstructure Architecture section.

Enikia Incorporated


Future Product Concepts – Distributed Music System (DMS) This model demonstrates the possibility for new architectures, which developers could achieve when considering the Home Infostructure during the design processes of next-generation ENDs.

• Home music server interfaces with the residential gateway to download

newly purchased titles from an Internet music vendor.

• Music server stores the files directly to its hard drive.8

• Music server supports multiple loudspeakers by connecting to a powerline-based IAN.

• The powerline IAN supplies both the power to the run the amplifiers (embedded in the speakers) and the data for the music titles.

• Music is streamed upon demand (through a touch screen control interface) from the server, via the IAN, to multiple networked loudspeakers.

• Streamed data would travel between the devices via the AC electrical connections using powerline Ethernet transceivers.

• Front-END loudspeakers could render the sound data through an embedded decompression engine that corresponds with the data storage format of the back-END music server (MP3 or other compression technology).

8 The consumer would purchase a license for the title via integrated e-commerce solutions.

Enikia Incorporated


Household Superstructure

What is the household superstructure?

• All of the ENDs, within each home, create a household superstructure. • As opposed the network substructure (which includes the Internet and the

Home Infostructure), the household superstructure represents the portion of the network system that each consumer interacts with (touch, see, hear).

Key Architecture Issues

The architecture of a home network presents unique challenges that even complex business networks have yet to address.9

• Structure Variance Volatility in the way consumers configure the ENDs within the home

• Usage Variance Unpredictability of applications that will run on ENDs and daily usage patterns of home consumers

Structure Variance

• Because no two households will own the exact make, model, and quantity of ENDs, the household superstructure will vary greatly across the demographics of the enitre marketplace.

• The technical features of each END and their configuration architectures within each home (where and how consumers connect the devices to the home network) will prove much more unpredictable than traditional business network environments.

• Specifications (standards) must ensure interoperability and consistent functionality between different devices and different home network technologies.

• Network must operate in an automatically configured, “plug and play” fashion to the user.

9 The household architecture issues are important because they relate to the technical requirements that the Information Appliance Network must support.

Enikia Incorporated


Usage Variance

• Applications and usage patterns for each device within the home will prove very unpredictable.

• Any END sold to a consumer might have embedded intelligence and communications capabilities that will use the home network.

• The designer of the device may design an application to run based on the requirements of the home network, but not considering all the other devices that may use the same network to run applications simultaneously.

• The consumer may choose to operate many devices that simulataneously tax the home network resources.

Example

• A networked washing machine with embedded intelligence that senses malfunctions, automates repair servicing, and offers power consumption features that synchronize its operations schedule with the electricity provider for optimal energy pricing.

• Consumer will be unaware of the technological underpinnings of such products (which is underlying goal of pervasive/embedded computing vision).

• The purchaser would not consider that “doing their laundry” also entails running “computer applications”.

• Extend scenario to the entire spectrum of ENDs, including all of the appliances, electronics, and computers manufactured by different OEMs.

• Variety and complexity of these applications will increase over time as key product differentiators between competing device OEMs.

Enikia Incorporated


Enikia’s IAN Information Appliance Network™ The IAN™, or Information Appliance Network™ functions as secure, reliable, and ubiquitous high-speed in-home data backbone, which solves an important component of the Home Infostructure deployment strategy. Enikia’s powerline-based IAN home networking technology meets the speed and ubiquity requirements necessary to support the multitude of information appliances that will be used within the home. Enikia’s strategy with the IAN lies in a patent-pending technology that enables the transmission of Ethernet data over the home’s existing electrical powerlines at speeds of 10Mbps and beyond. Using this technology, next-generation appliances, computers, and electronic devices will be able to communicate with one another. This enables new applications such as home automation, resource sharing, centralized information access, and distributed media entertainment systems. With the rollout of high-speed Internet access to residential consumers, this technology will bring high-speed bandwidth to every electrical outlet in the home. This enables powerful new services including remote home network management, multiple-user high-speed Internet access, and IP-based video and voice communications. Early market entrants dismissed household AC power lines as unreliable, noisy, and unsecured for data networking. Yet, such a solution is just what is needed to enable the next generation of intelligent information appliances to not only “talk” with one another, but also to send and receive information from the Internet. Additionally, Enikia’s IAN has integrated sophisticated security and reliability features to help ensure its viability as a practical mass-market technology solution.

Enikia Incorporated


Enikia Incorporated Enikia Incorporated is a privately held company headquartered in Piscataway, New Jersey. Founded in 1997, Enikia provides high-speed home network backbone technology. Enikia’s experienced business and technology teams, with several successful start-up companies to their credit, have invested two years of R&D to realize their vision of an elegant home networking solution that is reliable, ubiquitous, inexpensive, and easy for the end-user to operate. For more information, please contact the following Enikia representatives to learn more about Enikia’s market research projects and product line, to schedule interviews and PR meetings, to receive permission for material reprint, or to obtain a schedule of Enikia’s upcoming public presentations and conferences. Enikia Incorporated 200 Centennial Avenue Piscataway, NJ 08854 732-980-2500 www.enikia.com

Product Manager Jeff Gray 732-980-1200 ext.2010 [email protected]

Strategic Marketing Ian O’Sullivan (732) 980-1200 ext. 2006 [email protected]

Enikia Incorporated


� � � � �

Credits: Ian O'Sullivan, Author & Designer Jim Reeber, Technical Editor Jeff Gray, Logical Editor John Sommerfield, Graphic Designer. This document is provided for informational purposes only and Enikia makes no warranties, either express or implied, in this document. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The entire risk of the use or the results of the use of this document remains with the user. The example companies, organizations, products, people and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, person or event is intended or should be inferred. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Enikia Incorporated. Enikia may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Enikia, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property. 1999 Enikia Incorporated. All rights reserved. This version first available December 22, 1999. Enikia, Bringing the Network Home, IAN, IAN Information Appliance Network, and Home Infostructure are trademarks of Enikia Incorporated. The trademarks, logos and service marks ("Marks") in this paper are the property of Enikia or other third parties. You are not permitted to use the Marks without the prior written consent of Enikia or such third party that may own the Marks. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved. For further information, contact Enikia Incorporated 200 Centennial Avenue Piscataway, NJ 08854 Tel: 732-980-1200 Fax 732-980-0700

the ian information appliance network in pervasive home computing

Documents