the ice age in utah the landscape and life in utah during the most recent ice age in utah 10,000 to...
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The Ice Age in UtahThe landscape and life in Utah during the most recent Ice Age in Utah 10,000 to 30,000 years ago.
Lake
Bonnevilleglaciers
Salt Lake City
18,000 years ago . in Utah
Intro- The Ice Age in Utah
Ice Ages Ice Ages Throughout Throughout
Geologic TimeGeologic Time
12°22° 17°Average Global Temperature (0C)
Ice Age
Ice Age
Ice Age
Ice Age
Figure modified after C.R. Scotese
PALEOMAP Project (www.scotese.com)
Quaternary
C.R. Scotese, PALEOMAP Project, (www.scotese.com)
Last Glacial Maximum 18,000 years agoLast Glacial Maximum 18,000 years ago
Milankovitch Cycles
Eccentricity90,000 to 100,000 years
Precession19,000 to 23,000 years
Obliquity (Axial Tilt) 41,000 years
Figures modified after Matt Beedle, Montana Sate University.
~5%~5% ~0%~0%
Lake Bonneville Lake Bonneville and Ice Coverage and Ice Coverage
in Utah During in Utah During the Late the Late
PleistocenePleistocene~18,000 years ago~18,000 years ago
LakeLakeBonnevilleBonneville
Uinta Uinta MountainsMountains
WasatchWasatchRangeRange
Lake Lake BonnevilleBonneville~18,000 years ~18,000 years
agoago
Utah
Salt Lake
Delta
The Rise The Rise and Fall of and Fall of
Lake Lake BonnevilleBonneville
Bonneville LevelBonneville Level18,000 years ago18,000 years ago Gilbert LevelGilbert Level
12,000 years ago12,000 years ago
Provo LevelProvo Level17,000 years ago17,000 years ago
Stansbury LevelStansbury Level24,000 years ago24,000 years ago
Hydrograph of Lake
Bonneville
Great SaltGreat SaltLake todayLake today
OgdenOgden
DeltaDelta
NephiNephi
ProvoProvo
Salt LakeSalt Lake
UT
ID
NV
Red Rock Pass
~24,000 years agoStansbury Island
Stansbury Shoreline
BonnevilleBonnevilleShorelineShoreline
~18,000 years ago~18,000 years agoOgdenOgden
DeltaDeltaNephiNephi
ProvoProvo
Salt LakeSalt Lake
UT
ID
NV
Red Red Rock Rock PassPass
Point of the Mountain
Provo Provo ShorelineShoreline
~17,000 years ago~17,000 years ago
OgdenOgden
DeltaDeltaNephiNephi
ProvoProvo
Salt LakeSalt Lake
UT
ID
NV
Red Red Rock Rock PassPass
Gilbert Gilbert ShorelineShoreline
~12,000 years ago~12,000 years agoOgdenOgden
DeltaDeltaNephiNephi
ProvoProvo
Salt LakeSalt Lake
UT
ID
NV
Red Red Rock Rock PassPass
Great Salt LakeGreat Salt LakeTodayToday
OgdenOgden
DeltaDelta
NephiNephi
ProvoProvo
Salt LakeSalt Lake
UT
ID
NV
Red Red Rock Rock PassPass
Shorelines Shorelines of Lake of Lake
Bonneville Bonneville at at
Antelope Antelope IslandIsland
ProvoProvoStansburyStansbury
GilbertGilbert
BonnevilleBonneville
Unnamed shoreline
Unnamed shoreline
Bonneville Bonneville Shoreline at Shoreline at Point of the Point of the MountainMountain
ParaglidersParagliders
Bonneville Bonneville Shoreline at Shoreline at Point of the Point of the MountainMountain
Bonneville Bonneville Shoreline at Shoreline at
the “U”the “U”
Modern Modern Barrier Bar Barrier Bar
and Spitand Spit
Lake BonnevilleLake BonnevilleBarrier Bar and Barrier Bar and
SpitSpit
Kiawah Island, South Kiawah Island, South CarolinaCarolina
Stockton Bar, UtahStockton Bar, Utah
Lake Bonneville SpitsLake Bonneville Spits
Older spitOlder spit
Younger spitYounger spitContact surfaceContact surface
Lake BonnevilleLake BonnevilleDeep-Water SedimentsDeep-Water Sediments
LaminationsLaminations
Tufa on the Tufa on the Provo Provo
ShorelineShoreline
Tufa on QuartziteTufa on Quartzite
Lake Bonneville DeltaLake Bonneville Delta
Sediment TransportSediment TransportDirectionDirection
Provo ShorelineProvo ShorelineWave-Cut PlatformWave-Cut Platform
Wave DirectionWave Direction
Bonneville Salt FlatsBonneville Salt Flats
Provo Provo ShorelineShoreline
BonnevilleBonnevilleShorelineShoreline
SaltSalt
Modern GlaciersAlaska
Devil’s Desk GlacierDevil’s Desk Glacier
Halo Glacier, Cook InletHalo Glacier, Cook Inlet
Holgate Glacier, AlaskaHolgate Glacier, Alaska
Glacial CirquesGlacial Cirques
Uinta Uinta MountainsMountains
Convict Lake,Convict Lake,Sierra Nevada Sierra Nevada
MountainsMountains
Glacial Cirque
Glacial Cirque
U-shaped Glacial CanyonsU-shaped Glacial Canyons
Little Little Cottonwood Cottonwood
CanyonCanyon
Yosemite Yosemite ValleyValley
Glacier Glacier National ParkNational Park
Mill Creek Mill Creek CanyonCanyon
“V-shaped” “V-shaped” Stream-Stream- eroded canyoneroded canyon
Little Little Cottonwood Cottonwood
CanyonCanyon“U-shaped” “U-shaped” Glacier-Glacier-
eroded canyoneroded canyon
Glacial SceneryGlacial Sceneryat Alta, Utahat Alta, Utah
U-shapedU-shapedValleyValley
ArêtesArêtes
Image by Michael Collier
Medial MoraineMedial Moraine
MorainesMoraines Chugach
Mountains, AlaskaAlaska
Image by Bruce Molnia, Terra Photographics
Glacial Features at Little Glacial Features at Little Cottonwood CanyonCottonwood Canyon
Fault Fault ScarpsScarps
TrimlineTrimline MorainesMoraines
U-Shaped U-Shaped ValleyValley
Bells Canyon, UtahBells Canyon, Utah
LateralLateralMoraineMoraine
FaultFaultScarpScarp
Glacial ErraticsGlacial Erratics
Voyageurs National Voyageurs National Park, MinnesotaPark, Minnesota
Denali National Denali National Park, AlaskaPark, Alaska PersonPerson
Little Little Cottonwood Cottonwood
CanyonCanyon
Glacial Erratics
Glacial Polish and GroovesGlacial Polish and Grooves
Grooves and polish on Grooves and polish on bedrockbedrock
Glacier National Park, Glacier National Park, MontanaMontana
Striations
Life in Utah During the Ice
Age
Life in Utah at the end of the Ice Age
Assorted Lake Bonneville Mollusks
Hunting for Hunting for GastropodsGastropods
(Snails)(Snails)
Bonneville Cutthroat Trout
Known Distribution
Today are isolated in streams that once drained into Lake Bonneville.
Utah’s Giant Ice Age Birds
Teratornis-
“giant condor”
Teratornis skeleton Endangered California
CondorTeratornis skull
Ice Age Land Bridges and Mammal Migrations
Ice Age Elephants
Mammoth Mastodon
Detail from Joseph S. Venus mural, College of Eastern Utah (CEU) Prehistoric Museum, Price, Utah
The Huntington Mammoth
(Mammathus columbi) skeleton at the CEU Prehistoric Museum
Mammoth & Elephants vs. Mastodons
Columbian Mammoth (M. columbi)
American Mastodon (Mammut americanum)
Elephants and mammoths have high skulls, while mastodons have low skulls.
Elephants and mammoths have low, highly enfolded teeth for grazing, while mastodons have high crested teeth for browsing leaves.
Elephants and mammoths are tall, while mastodons are shorter with more massive bodies.
Saber-toothed Cat
Skeletal reconstruction and detail from
Joseph S. Venus mural, CEU Prehistoric
Museum, Price, Utah
Smilodon fatalis
Giant Ground Sloth
Skeletal reconstruction and detail from Joseph S. Venus mural, CEU Prehistoric Museum, Price, Utah
Other Extinct Ice Age Mammals
Extinct Musk Ox
Extinct Long-Horned Bison
Camels, together with native horses, went extinct in North America at the end of the Ice Age
Mountain mammals that lived in Ice Age Lowlands
The American pika, Ochotona princeps,
The wolverine, Gulo gulo
Power Point Presentation (list of slides)
1. Intro – the Ice Age in Utah 2. Ice Ages Throughout Geologic Time3. Last Glacial Maximum 18,000 years ago4. Milankovitch Cycles: Changes in Earth’s Orbit5. Lake Bonneville and Ice Coverage in Utah ~ 18,000
yrs ago6. Lake Bonneville ~ 18,000 years ago7. The Rise and Fall of Lake Bonneville8. Stansbury Shoreline ~ 24,000 years ago9. Bonneville Shoreline ~ 18,000 years ago10. Provo Shoreline ~ 18,000 years ago11. Gilbert Shoreline ~ 12,600 years ago12. Great Salt Lake - Today13. Shorelines of Lake Bonneville on Antelope Island14. Bonneville Shoreline at Point of the Mountain15. Bonneville Shoreline at “U” and Point of the
Mountain16. Stockton Bar, Utah17. Lake Bonneville Spits18. Lake Bonneville Deep Water Sediments19. Tufa on the Provo Shoreline20. Lake Bonneville Delta21. Provo Shoreline Wave Cut Platform22. Bonneville Salt Flats23. Modern Glaciers - Alaska24. Holgate Galcier, Alaska
25. Glacial Cirques26. U-shaped Glacial Canyons 27. “U-shaped” and “V-shaped” Canyons28. Glacial Scenery at Alta, Utah29. Moraines on the Juneau Icefield, Alaska30. Glacial Features at Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah31. Bells Canyon, Utah32. Glacial Erratics33. Little Cottonwood Canyon Glacial Erratics34. Glacial Polish and Grooves35. Life in Utah during the Ice Age36. Life in Utah at the end of the Ice Age 37. Assorted Lake Bonneville Mollusks38. Hunting for Gastropods (Snails)39. Bonneville Cutthroat Trout40. Utah’s Giant Ice Age Birds41. Ice Age Land Bridges and Mammal Migrations42. Ice Age Elephants43. Mammoth and Elephants vs. Mastodons44. Saber-toothed Cat45. Giant Ground Sloth46. Other Extinct Ice Age Mammals47. Mountain Mammals that lived in Ice Age Lowlands