the iliad background
DESCRIPTION
The Iliad Background. Ἰλιάς or “The Tragedy of Achilles”. The Epic. Epic long narrative poem Follows the journey of an epic hero (Odysseus) An example of oral tradition Oral tradition --> story passed down from generation to generation. Epic hero possesses the following traits - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Iliad BackgroundἸλιάς
or“The Tragedy of Achilles”
![Page 2: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Epic Epiclong narrative poem Follows the journey of an epic hero (Odysseus) An example of oral tradition
Oral tradition-->story passed down from generation to generation.
Epic hero possesses the following traits Courageous Loyal Honorable
![Page 3: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Homer The narrator of the epic The “blind poet” Wrote Iliad and OdysseyIliad- 10 years of the warOdyssey- 10 years after
![Page 4: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Who was Achilles?Achilles was the son of the mortal Peleus and the goddess Thetis (the sea goddess). He was the mightiest of the Achaeans (a Greek clan) who fought in the Trojan War. Achilles was very brave and undefeatable in battle – almost immortal, in fact.
![Page 5: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Achilles’ Childhood Because Calchas
prophesied that Achilles would be stronger than his father, Peleus gives Achilles to be raised by the centaur Chiron. However, before being sent away, Thetis made Achilles immune to death. There are two stories that explain how:
![Page 6: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Achilles Story 1• Thetis, Achilles’ goddess-mother, wanted to burn away
the human part of her son; so she placed him upon a fiery altar. Peleus, Achilles’ father, intervened just in time, but an angry Thetis abandoned her son and husband.
![Page 7: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Achilles Story 2• Thetis held Achilles by the
heel and dipped him into the River Styx to make him immortal. Thus, the only vulnerable (weak) spot on Achilles’ body was his tendon where his mother held him as she dipped him into the waters of death.
![Page 8: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hence the term “Achilles Heel”!
![Page 9: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Achilles’ ChildhoodIn addition to being sent away by his father, Achilles was later hidden by his mother.
There was a prophecy given about Achilles’ destiny while he was still a boy. A prophet named Calchas prophesied that the city of Troy would not be conquered by any other Greek state without Achilles’ help.
Thetis knew that if her son went to Troy, Achilles would die an early death, so she sent him to the court of Lycomedes where he was hidden and disguised as a young girl. Achilles' disguise was finally discovered by Odysseus who took him to war.
![Page 10: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Achilles Character
Despite having the strength of someone who is part god, Achilles central weakness is his anger / rage, which often gets him into trouble with other leaders.
![Page 11: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Achilles Rage (as theme):
Achilles’ anger issues are a central theme in The Iliad, as is his ability to act with honor.
The first two lines of the Iliad read:μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος
οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί' Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε' ἔθηκεν,
Sing, Goddess, of the rage, of Peleus' son Achilles the accursed rage, which brought pain to thousands of
the Achaeans.
![Page 12: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Trojan War Background
The Trojan War began as a result of events that took place at the wedding of King Peleus and Thetis (Achilles’ parents) many years earlier……
![Page 13: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Judgement of Paris
• The wedding took place in Troy in the presence of King Priam and his sons Hector and Paris. While Hector was the best warrior in Troy, Paris was known as the most handsome man in all the known world.
![Page 14: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Judgement of Paris
• This “pretty boy” was asked by Zeus to judge a divine “beauty contest” of sorts. A golden apple would be given to the most beautiful goddess present – Hera, Athena, or Aphrodite.
![Page 15: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Judgement of Paris
• Hera offered Paris ultimate power if he picked her; Athena promised to make him the wealthiest man alive, and Aphrodite promised to give Paris Helen – the most beautiful woman alive (never mind that she was already married to King Menelaus of Sparta…)
• Paris, of course, picked Aphrodite, and she helped him to steal Helen from her husband’s home and whisk her away to Troy, his boyhood home.
![Page 16: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
A War Begins This decision had many dire consequences. First, it
turned the goddesses Athena and Hera against the Trojans. Second, it caused King Menelaus to enlists the help of his brother Agamemnon (King of Mycenae) and declare war against Troy.
![Page 17: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Greek state of Mycenae and their allies already had control of almost all the city-states in the Aegean Sea – except Troy; so, Agamemnon saw it as a perfect opportunity to expand his empire and for his brother to avenge his loss.
![Page 19: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
A War Begins Menelaus and Agamemnon also enlist the help of two other Greek
kings – Odysseus and Achilles. Achilles was somewhat reluctant to join in the fight. He had no interest in politics, but he was interested in making a name for himself as a great warrior.
![Page 20: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Achilles and Agamemnon• While at war, Achilles
became very angry at Agamemnon. Achilles refused to fight, and returned home in a pout. The Greeks needed his strength to win battles, but all of the rewards they had to offer could not entice him to return. However, he allowed his best friend – Patroclus – to fight in his place. This leads to tragedy when Patroclus is killed during battle.
![Page 21: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The war party laid siege to Troy and began a battle that
would last for ten years before the Greeks would finally
succeed in conquering Troy and recapturing Helen, thanks to the clever hero Odysseus. Thus, The Iliad ends, and The
Odyssey begins!
![Page 22: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Achilles and AgamemnonThe Greeks
![Page 23: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hector and Paris – The Trojans
![Page 24: The Iliad Background](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568167d4550346895ddd285c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Hollywood’s Iliad