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The Immune System By: Claire Siefkes, Brenda Gomez, Makenna Palmer, Skyler Humbyrd

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What is it? The immune system- the bodys defense against infectious organisms Many biological structures that protect against disease Made up of non-specialised defenses Also made of specialised defenses White blood cells are also knowns as leukocytes -Found in thymus spleen and bone marrow -There are two types * Phagocytes * Lymphocytes

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Parts of the Immune System Divided into two parts -Innate system *First way of protection is your skin *Then theres your nose and mouth -lined with mucous membranes *Fluids are produced in your body *Saliva is produced in your mouth

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Parts of the Immune System -Immunity * second line of defense - white blood cells -chemicals released by your body *activation of lymphocytes

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How the Immune System Works White blood cells travel in bloodstream -Caused by bacteria viruses -neutrophils engulf bacteria destroy with special chemicals -eosinophils and monocytes work swallowing foreign particles Basophils help inflammation -inflammation is part of bodys immune response -damage to tissues releases chemicals into body - these chemicals cause blood vessels to leak -attract neutrophils and monocytes to protect against bacterial infection

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How the Immune system works Lymphocytes have different functions - Attack viruses - Make antibodies destroy bacteria Lymphocytes divided into T and B cells - Bone marrow tissue - Contain stem cells create T and B cells - B cells mature in bone marrow - T cells mature in thymus - Responsible for developing immunity to bacteria B cells produce antibodies - Identify a molecule as being foreign - T cells attack invading organisms

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Diseases-Type 1 Diabetes What is Diabetes? The body no longer produces insulin Insulin is a hormone needed to allow sugar to enter cells The body attacks and destroys the cells where insulin is made Causes elevated levels of sugar in blood Symptoms: Increased thirst, extreme hunger, unintended weight loss, mood changes, and blurred vision Treatments: Taking insulin, frequent blood sugar monitoring, eating healthy, and exercising regularly.

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Diseases-HIV What is HIV? HIV infects cells of the immune system Attacks and destroys the T-Cells Which are crucial to the immune system and response HIV duplicates and kills the good T-Cells The lower the T-Cell amounts go, the less able you are to fight infection Soon HIV turns into AIDS Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes (commonly the first sign of HIV), weight loss, shortness of breath Treatments: NNRTIs, NRTIs, PIs, Entry inhibitors

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Weakening your immune system Youre short of sleep You don't exercise Always stressed diet loneliness

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Interesting facts about your immune system Getting under 5 hours a sleep a night has been shown to depress immune function Too much sun can distress the immune system As you age your bodys immune system gets stronger At least once a day your immune system destroys a cell that would have become cancer Fevers and inflammation are good things when you're sick

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Sources http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html (slide 2) http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html http://patient.info/health/the-immune-system (slide 3) http://patient.info/health/the-immune-system http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/ (slide 4) http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/ http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/type-1/ (slide 4) http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/type-1/ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/basics/symptoms/con-20019573 (slide 4) http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/basics/symptoms/con-20019573 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/basics/definition/con-20019573 (slide 4) http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/basics/definition/con-20019573 http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/whoami/findoutmore/yourbody/whatdoesyourimmunesystemdo/whatisaids/howdoeshiva ffectthebody.aspx (slide 5) http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/whoami/findoutmore/yourbody/whatdoesyourimmunesystemdo/whatisaids/howdoeshiva ffectthebody.aspx http://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/how-hiv-affects-the-body (slide 5) http://www.healthline.com/health/hiv-aids/how-hiv-affects-the-body http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/basics/symptoms/con-20013732 (slide 5) http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/basics/symptoms/con-20013732 Biology Textbook