Maria Hamdouchi & De’Ahna Johnson

As Middle Eastern and Northern African As Middle Eastern and Northern African countries experienced the Arab Spring, how did countries experienced the Arab Spring, how did

the United States and its respective stakes in the United States and its respective stakes in the region affect their outcomes? the region affect their outcomes?

Research Question

• The Modern Middle East

• Regime Change Revolution War

• We Are GLOBAL

• Interdependent Economies

• Speculation and Protection

• Arab Spring 101

The Middle East Since 1970

• Some Scholars would Argue…• Economic Stability, Corruption, Will of the People

• Among other factors

• The Argument

• Countries with Stakes

• What was the main factor that influenced the outcomes of the Arab Spring?

The Debate

Because of its stakes in the Middle East and North Africa, the United States influenced the

outcomes of certain Arab Springs, favoring the successes of certain countries and the

preservation of the status quo in others.

Hypothesis

Western Interests for Non Oil Countries

Influence on Arab Spring

Outcome Influence on Arab Spring

Outcome

Western Interests for Oil Countries

Arab Spring Success Arab Spring Failure

Oil Countries Quadrant 1Libya

Quadrant 2Bahrain, Saudi

Arabia

Non-Oil Countries Quadrant 3Egypt, Tunisia,

Yemen

Quadrant 4Jordan, Morocco,

Syria

Selection Problems

Arab Countries and Arab Spring Outcome

Country Arab Spring Success

Algeria 0 0

Bahrain* 1 0

Egypt 1 1

Iraq 0 0

Jordan 1 0

Kuwait* 0 0

Lebanon 0 0

Libya 1 1

Morocco 1 0

Oman* 0 0

Qatar* 0 0

Saudi Arabia* 1 0

Syria 1 0

Tunisia 1 1

United Arab Emirates* 0 0

Yemen 1 1

*Denotes GCC Member

• Presence of U.S. naval Base

• Bahrain’s GCC Status

• Why did we choose these countries?• Clearly illustrates the relationship between western interests and

arab spring outcomes.

Selection Case Studies

Egypt

Syria

Libya

Bahrain

Trade as a Percentage of GDP

Per Capita GDP

Energy Production

Net Oil Trade with the United States

Methodology

Western InfluenceEconomic Development

Arab Spring

We expect to find a positive correlationGrowth vs. Western Influence

Military Intervention

Outcome of Arab Spring Relational Western Interests

Take-Away Points