the importance of animal-source foods in western diets
TRANSCRIPT
LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACTLIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACTLIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACTCopyright University of Reading
THE IMPORTANCE OF ANIMAL-SOURCE FOODS IN WESTERN DIETS
Ian Givens
Professor of Food Chain Nutrition
University of Reading
1
INSTITUTE FOR FOOD,
NUTRITION AND HEALTH
LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT
PROBLEMS IN THE YOUNG
2
LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT
Micronutrient status of UK
children and adult females
Males 11-18y
Females 19-64y
Females 11-18y
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Fe Ca Mg Zn Se I
%<LRNI
LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT
Bone mass changes with age
4
Weaver et al. (2016)
Calcium intake in UK females
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1-3 4-6 7-10 11-14 15-18 19-64
RNI
Intake
Age range (years)
Ca g
/d
NDNS 2014, Y1-4 combined
LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT
Bonetrophic nutrient interactions
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LIMITLESS POTENTIAL | LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES | LIMITLESS IMPACT
Protein for bones?
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Dairy food intake in UK females
0
50
100
150
200
250
4-10 11-18 19-64
Milk Cheese Yoghurt
Inta
ke
(g
/d)
Age range
NDNS 2014, Y1-4 combined
9
Childhood milk intake and
fracture risk in females >=50 years
11
Sub-optimal vitamin D status
across Europe
UK childhood rickets
1. Bath et al. 2008; 2. Rayman et al. 2008; 3. Lampropoulou et al 2012 4.Kibirige et al. 2004; 5.Barnett et al. 2002; 6. Bath et al. 2010; 7. Pearce et al 2010
Recent UK studies have shown sub-optimal status in:
Women of childbearing age1-3
Pregnant women4-7
12
Recent studies of UK iodine status
13
Bath et al. (2013)
Milk intake and 24 h iodine
excretion
14
Iod
ine
(µ
g/L
)
Conventional vs. organic (P<0.001)Conventional vs. UHT (P<0.05)
Payling et al. (2015)
Type of UK retail winter milk
and iodine content 2 Supermarkets, Jan 2014
Males
Females0
5
10
15
20
25
30
4-1011-18
19-6465+
Bates et al. (2014)
% UK population below serum
ferritin threshold (12/15µg/L)
UK household red meat
purchases 1974-2010DEFRA, 2013
0
50
100
150
200
250
1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002-03
2006 2010
g p
er
pe
rso
n p
er
we
ek
Beef & veal
Sheep meat
17
Sucrose-sweetened beverages increase
fat storage in liver, muscle and visceral fat
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MIDDLE AND OLDER AGE
Recent meta-analyses of dairy
and cardiometabolic diseases
Dairy Outcome RR (95% CI) Ref
Milk AC mortality 1.00 (0.93-1.07) Guo et al. in press
Milk CVD 1.01 (0.93-1.10) Guo et al. in press
Cheese CVD 0.98 (0.95-1.00) Guo et al. in press
Milk Stroke 0.93 (0.88-0.98) De Goede et al., 2016
Cheese /40 g/d Stroke 0.97 (0.94-1.01) De Goede et al., 2016
Yoghurt/80g/d Diabetes 0.86 (0.83-0.90) Gijsbers et al., 2016
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Peripheral SBP & DBP
Overall treatment effect for C_SBP p=0.010,Overall treatment effect for C_DP p=0.094,
Overall treatment effect for C_MeanP p=0.024
n=38, Means ± SEM
-7.00
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
A B CProducts
P_SP
P_DP
mm
Hg
mm
Hg
-7.00
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
A B CProduct
C_SP
C_DP
p=0.004
p=0.022
Overall treatment effect for P_SBP p=0.007,Overall treatment effect for P_DP p=0.095,
Overall treamtent effect for P_MeanP p=0.009
n=38, Means ± SEM
p=0.002
p=0.023 Central SBP & DBP
Whey protein Ca-caseinate Control
Whey protein Ca-caseinate ControlFekete et al., AJCN (2016)
Changes in total and LDL-chol
after consumption of ~80 g/d fat (~36g/d SFA)
as cheese or butter
Hjerpsted et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1479–84.
Cheese vs butter
Ca soap (CS) of oleic acid study
g/100g DM
Replacing saturated fat in milk fat
22
Kliem et al., JDS 2013
• Milk/dairy foods are key sources of important nutrients
• Red meat is a good source of Fe and Zn…..
• Composition can be influenced by primary production
• Declines in consumption esp. young females have already had
consequences……
• Functionality of some dairy foods beyond nutrient supply
• Risk of poor bone development especially in girls is
concerning and may become a major issue
• Negative association of milk proteins and milk/fermented dairy
and BP and T2DM may become the most important findings.
Needs development.
• If food sustainability is driven by replacing animal with plant
derived foods be careful what you wish for so……
• Dietary pattern, nutrition and health must be included in any
debate about sustainable food production23
A few conclusions…
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24
London Road Campus Henley Business School University of Reading Malaysia
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