M.K.BHAVNAGAR UNIVESITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

M.Phil Sem – 1Enrollment No : 2069112220170001

Paper No :- 1 Research Skills : Documentation &

Fundamentals of Literary Research.Sub :- Importance of Citation

Presented by : Bhumi Joshi

What is research ?

Research is not equal to search .Not ordinary and emotional job.Intellectual exercises based on facts & documentation. Normally , it is scientific method but literary research is scholarly method.

It is completely appropriate to use other works in a research project, but it is not appropriate to claim those ideas as your own. To avoid "stealing" others' ideas, cite the sources you use. Citing sources means listing the materials you used for your research.

(Karen R. Diaz and Nancy O'Hanlon, IssueWeb: A Guide and Sourcebook for Researching Controversial Issues on the Web. Libraries Unlimited, 2004)

Scholar’s work does not carry pseudo

intellectualism.

It does not fo

llow plagiarism.

It has authenticity and it s

hould be scholarly

literary work.

What is citation ?

• A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including: information about the author, the title of the work, the name and location that published copy of the source, date, and the page numbers of the material one is borrowing.

• A “citation” is a reference to a published or unpublished source (not always the original source). More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot. ( Wikipedia)

A citation is a way of giving credit to individuals for their creative and intellectual works that you utilized to support your research. It can also be used to locate particular sources and combat plagiarism. Typically, a citation can include the author's name, date, location of the publishing company, journal title, or DOI (Digital Object Identifier).

Scholars need

to cite a

ny

ideas, w

ords, or cr

eative w

orks they

get from other s

ources. T

hese

sources ca

n be prin

t (books, a

rticles

,

web sites,

email)

, multim

edia

(films, p

odcasts,

televisio

n, radio),

data so

urces, i

mages, live

perform

ances, or co

nversatio

ns.

Cite various sources from Social Media:

Citations have several important purposes

• To uphold intellectual honesty and avoiding plagiarism.

• To give credit to the original author by citing sources is the only way to use other’s work without plagiarizing.

• Citing sources strengthens scholar’s work by lending outside support to researcher's ideas.

•People also count citations to a paper as an indication of how important or influential the paper has been.

Why Should We Cite Sources ? • Citing sources actually helps reader distinguish researcher’s ideas from those of their sources. This will actually emphasize the originality of scholar’s own work.

• Provides a trail by which others can locate the materials which is consulted by researcher.

• Provides evidence of scholar’s research.

• Citing sources shows the amount of research researcher have done.

• It's illegal.

• It could affect to scholar’s work.

Failure to provide citation may result in being charged with plagiarism.

Quality of research depends on citation.

To credit authors or artists whose arguments, ideas, or creative works scholars have used.

To allow people reviewing work to check researcher’s sources for accuracy.

To allow readers to understand how researchers came up with arguments.

To provide scholars with further sources for their own research. 

Citation shows the authenticity of the work.

Everything must be cited with intellectuality and research should stand on reality with proper citation.

Reliability of the research work depends on the sources which scholars cite in their work.

When Does researcher need to cite? Whenever researchers borrow words or ideas, they need to acknowledge their sources.

whenever scholars use quotes

whenever researchers paraphrase

whatever you read you must cited.

whenever s/he uses an idea that someone else has already expressed.

whenever scholars make specific reference to the work of another research

In all of the cases above, the standards of academic integrity require both citing the source in the text of your essay and its incorporation into your bibliography. To be clear, it is not enough to simply list a source in your bibliography if it deserves explicit citation in the essay’s body.

Different forms of citation for different disciplines.

Examples :

when one cite sources in a psychology paper you would probably use a different form of citation than one might in a paper for literary research paper.

Finally, you should always consult your instructor to determine the form of citation appropriate for your paper. You can save a lot of time and energy simply by asking "How should I cite my sources," or "What style of citation should I use?

How to cite sources ?

Citation styles differ

mostly in the location, order, and

syntax of information about

references. The number and

diversity of citation styles reflect

different priorities with respect to

concision, readability, dates,

authors, publications, and, of course,

style.

A citation style dictates the information necessary for a citation and how the information is ordered, as well as punctuation and other formatting

A citation style will provide the format for citing sources and creating the bibliography in one’s academic work.. The citation style depends on the academic discipline involved.

Examples:

APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education, Psychology, and Sciences)

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities

Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History

AAA (AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION)

ASA American Psychological Association

Type MLA Format APA Format

Date: The date follows the publisher in the citation and is not in parentheses.

The date follows the author and is in parentheses.

Author’s Name: The author’s full name (first and last) is spelled out. The author’s last name is spelled out and the first name is reduced to initials.

Capitalization: All major words in the title are capitalized and the title is underlined.

Only the first word of the title, the first word of a subtitle, and any proper nouns (like names) are capitalized. Everything else is lowercase. Also, the title is written in italics.

Source Page: The source page is called a “Works Cited”. The source page is called a “References”.

In-Text Citations: MLA uses the last name of the author and the page number. APA uses the last name of the author and the date.

MLA does not uses commas to separate the material, or p. pp. before the page numbers.

APA does use commas and, if a page is mentioned, uses p. and pp.

Differences between MLA & APA

1 .MLA style is preferred in Humanities and Liberal Arts category whereas APA style is used in Social Sciences.

2. MLA style does not include separate title page while APA style provides a separate title page.

3. References are listed in Work Cited page in MLA style whereas the APA style has a Reference page.

4. APA style focuses on supporting the content with visual aids whereas MLA style does not advocate the use of such aids.

What’s Bibliography ? & How it differs from References and Work Cited ? A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used (whether referenced or not) in the process of researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include:- the authors' names- the titles of the works- the names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources- the dates of copies were published- the page numbers of sources (if they are part of multi-source volumes)

The Works Cited or References list is only comprised of references to those items actually cited in the paper.

BibliographyTemple University Liberary. 5 Sep 2016. 25 Jan 2017 <http://guides.temple.edu/citingsources>. Luzy R. "Difference Between MLA and APA. "DifferenceBetween.net. November 28, 2009 < http://www.differencebetween.net/language/difference-between-mla-and-apa/ >.

Klaphake, Elizabeth. My Life as an English Professor. Bellevue,Nebraska: Bellevue University Press. 1999 Wikipedia contributors. "Citation." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 21 Dec. 2016. Web. 24 Jan. 2017.

“What Is Plagiarism?” Plagiarism.org. iParadigms, 2014. Web. 20 Nov. 2012.

George A.Spiva Liberary. 8 Dec 2015. 25 Jan 2017 < http://libguides.mssu.edu/ESL097>.