the importance of physical education in our schools chad fenwick and adriana valenzuela physical...

The Importance of Physical Education In

Our Schools

Chad Fenwick and Adriana Valenzuela

Physical Education Advisors for LAUSD

A presentation for Elementary School Teachers

Experts Agree ExercisePrevents

Obesity

Type II Diabetes

Heart Disease

Osteoporosis

Cancer

Depression

Absenteeism

Increases

Learning

BDNF

Attention

Memory

Math

Reading

Behavior

How exercise affects the brain

Mood regulation

Self-esteem

Impulse control

Combats toxic effects of stress hormones

Improves neural arousal

Combats depression

Improves behavior

Memory retention – Better encodes information

How exercise affects the brain

Exercise makes it easier for our nerves to wire together.

Neurogenesis in hippocampus which is important for learning and memory

BDNF - Increases neuronal communication

AEROBIC ACTIVITY GROWS NEW BRAIN CELLS!!

1999

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990, 1999, 2009

(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person)

2009

1990

No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985

(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

No Data <10% 10%–14%



No Data <10% 10%–14%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%



No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

“1 in 2 Latino children will develop Type II diabetes during their lifetimes if the obesity epidemic is not corrected.”

•Narayan, et. al., 2003

Evolved out of NEED. Conserve

They drive us to load up on and

Because tomorrow we will have to

MY GENES MAKE ME DO IT

Physical Education/Physical ActivityPhysical education teachers the students the

skills and knowledge to be physically active the rest of their lives.

The more physical skills the students learn the lower their BMI

The more physical skills the students learn the physically active they are and the lower their BMI

Physical education classes are one of the only places students have to learn these skills anymore.

Studies of Studies

37.2% of children in the US overweight or at risk.

Overweight girls have more behavior problems than all boys and non-overweight girls

Weight is negatively related to academic performance (Overweight children have lower math skills, overweight boys also have lower reading skills)

Higher BMI in boys is associated with significantly lower verbal skills (P < 0.10), social skills (P < 0.05), and motor skills (P < 0.05)

Association of overweight with academic performance and social and behavioral problems: an update from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Judge S, Jahns L. J Sch Health. 2007; 77: 672-678

BDNF BDNF is a THE MOTHER

OF ALL BRAIN GROWTH FACTORS which regulate the survival, growth & differentiation of neurons during development and is vital to continue our Brain’s job of Adapting to the world-LEARNING .

BDNF functions to translate activity into synaptic & nerve plasticity in the adult animal.

BDNF is MIRACLE GRO for the brain and is Evolution’s great gift to us that is made when we use our brain cells.

BDNF is an anti-depressant, anti-toxic stress factor and correlates with intelligence and memory.

Language Arts – GORT-4G

rade L

evel

+121.4% +230%

These increases are in a four month period.

3 Years of Literacy DataNaperville Central H.S.

1st

Period

8th

Period

2 years of Math DataNaperville Central H.S

Delaine Eastin“This statewide study provides compelling evidence that the physical well-being of students has a direct impact on their ability to achieve academically.”

Statewide StudyIndividually matched scores from the spring 2001 Stanford Achievement Test, Ninth Edition (SAT-9) with the state-mandated physical fitness test, (FITNESSGRAM) given in 2001 to students in 5th, 7th, and 9th grade.

• School PE was increased from once a week to 5 times a week. 250 students participated, and the intervention scheduled for three months.

• Prior physical activity had consisted of ball play only.

• Physical education department added running, hip hop dance, aerobics, spinning, indoor rowing, and military boot camp training. After school activities were offered every day.

• Food served at school was changed to offer only healthy “super foods.” All junk food was removed.

• ABSENTEEISM decreased by 38%.

• CONCENTR ATION ABILITY was measured and it improved 33%.

• Teachers reported, “The increase in exercise had great effects on CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR.”

• Exercise had a major impact on GRADES; there was an average of 1.5 grade improvement across the board.

The Institute for Human Physiology, Copenhagen University, Chris MacDonald, and Danmarks Radio (TV DR 1) partnered in this project.

Johannes Skolen Copenhagen, Denmark

Exercise and Depression

20 versus 40 minutes of intense play

Engaging in regular, vigorous aerobic exercise with peers in an organized setting decreased depressive symptoms in dose–response fashion among overweight children. This randomized trial in a community sample is the first experimental demonstration of a dose–response benefit of physical training on depressive symptoms in children (that is, where increasing amounts of training result in increased benefits, demonstrating a cause–effect relationship).

Petty et al : Exercise Effects on Depressive Symptoms and Self-Worth in Overweight Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access published February 16, 2009

N=207, 7–11 years, were randomly assigned to low or high dose (20 or 40 min/day) aerobic exercise programs (13 weeks),or control group.

Lincoln Middle School Incidents/Suspensions

PE4 Life Discipline Data

1283

1958

1174

392

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Days of

Suspension 04-05

Days of

Suspension 05-06

Days

of S

uspe

nsio

n

Control Middle

Lincoln Middle

Phenomenon Woodland Elementary School

2005 Fall

PE one day per week / 50 minutes.

2006 Jan - June

PE4life Program

Five days a week / 45 minutes.

-Inner city school with

80% of kids on free lunch program

PE4LIFE added

Cardiac monitored watches,

Dance Dance Revolution,

A few exercise bicycles/fitness machines.

AND A NEW ATTITUDE

Physical Activity and API Scores (Concurrent Relationship)

77

81

85

89

93

API Score

Perc

en

t w

ho e

ng

ag

ed

in

an

y p

hysic

al

acti

vit

y

1st (Lowest)2nd3rd4th5th (Highest)

API Quintile

Physical Activity and Annual Changes in Test Scores

-0.4

0.10.6

1.21.7

1.0 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.1

0.71.2

1.62.0

2.4

Reading Language Mathematics

Percent who engaged in any physical activity

-10

-5

0

5

10

Change in S

AT-

9 (

NPR

)

76 82 88 94 100 76 82 88 94 100 76 82 88 94 100

Source: California Healthy Kids Survey & STAR data files.

The World of Brain ResearchA Sampling of Studies Linking Movement and Academic Success“Obesity is linked to poor academic

performance, including increased absenteeism, lower GPA, and fewer years of schooling. All students benefit from increased physical activity, but low-performing schools have more to gain due to student exposure to more academic risk factors, including: violence, low expectations, and lack of exposure to caring relationships.”

•Taras & Potts-Datema, 2005

ALBANY PARK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL4-YEAR API GROWTH 2006-2009

-120 minutes

-360 minutes

-720 minutes

The World of Brain ResearchA Sampling of Studies Linking Movement and Academic Success

“There is NO evidence in the research literature that increased physical education negatively impacts student performance in the core academic subject areas.”

Physical Education Research for Kids, Literature Review, 2009

8 µV

3 µV

Compatible

Incompatible

Higher Fit Lower Fit

Pontifex et al. (2011). JOCN, 23, 1332-1345.

The World of Brain ResearchA Sampling of Studies Linking Movement and Academic Success“Physical activity increases concentration,

mental cognition, and facilitates executive function.”

•Hanson & Austen, 2003•Maher, 2006•Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2007•Caterino & Polak, 1999•Etnier, et. al., 1997•Trudeau & Shepard, 2008•Tomporowski, et. al., 2008

Clinical status at 10 months (6 months after treatment) among patients who were remitted (N = 83) after 4 months of treatment in Exercise (N = 25), Medication (N = 29), and Combination (N = 29) groups. Compared with participants in the other conditions, those in the Exercise condition were more likely to be partially or fully recovered and were less likely to have relapsed.

Exercise - An Antidepressant? Exercise or Zoloft

Conditions That Are Caused or Worsened by A Sedentary Life

Angina, heart attack, coronary artery diseaseBreast cancerColon cancerCongestive heart failureDepressionGallstone diseaseHigh blood triglycerideHigh blood cholesterolHypertensionLess cognitive functionLow blood HDLLower quality of lifeObesity (more difficult timewith weight control)OsteoporosisPancreatic cancerPeripheral vascular diseasePhysical frailtyPremature mortalityProstate cancerSleep apneaStiff jointsStrokeType 2 diabetes

S

Sedentary Life Style IncreasesThe Progression Of :

ADHD, Anxiety, AddictionAlzheimer’s

Chronic Back PainCognitive DeclineDebilitating IllnessDisease Cachexia

Falls Resulting in Broken HipsPhysical Frailty

Spinal Cord InjuryStress

Vertebral Femoral Fractures


“Physical activity, when integrated into the curriculum, takes up little time, and improves on-task behavior.”

•North Carolina Department of Education★ncpe4me.com - Energizers - 85% of

districts use them★28,000 teachers trained


Students who participated in school physical education programs did not experience a harmful effect on their standardized test scores, though less time was available for other academic subjects

- Sallis, McKenzie, Kolody, Lewis, Marshall, and

Rosengard, 1999

- Shephard, 1996

- Dwyer, Coonan, Leitch, Hetzel, and Baghurst, 1983

Exercise and LearningJuvenal (65-128 A. D.)

“We should pray that there be a sound mind in a sound body”.

Thomas Jefferson

“You must have a healthy body to learn to read, and you must be able to read to be healthy”.

Costs of Obesity6 years ago California estimated the costs of

obesity to be 20 Billion dollars

2009 they estimated 40 Billion dollars

QUESTIONS & ANSWERSTHANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!

[email protected]

213-241-4556

mailto:[email protected]

the importance of physical education in our schools chad fenwick and adriana valenzuela physical...

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