The inevitability of Open Access. Why librarians have to foster it. Continuing Education Course. EAHIL 2016. Seville , Spain 7 June 2016 Pilar Toro-Sánchez-Blanco Andalusian eHealth Library Health Regional Ministry. Government of Andalusia. Seville, Spain

Aim

• To provide a space to discuss why librarians must be committed to Open Access and foster it among authors, researchers and users

Course structure

• Module 1: – Key aspects and approaches of Open Science, Open

research data and Open Access. – Some keypoints: the purpose and benefits of OA,

routes to OA, business models of academic publishing, legal issues and funding agency policies.

• Module 2 (hands-on): Knowledge Café/Safari. 4 scenarios – Researcher needs – Health repositories and self-archiving – Encouragement of OA among users and researchers – OA publishing

By Greg Emmerich on Flickr under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License

Open Science refers to efforts by researchers, governments, research funding agencies or the scientific community itself to make the primary outputs of publicly funded research results – publication and the research data – publicly accessible in digital format with no or minimal restrictions as a means for accelerating research; these efforts are in the interest of enhancing transparency and collaboration, and fostering innovation.

OECD. Making Open Science a reality. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2015

Open source software

Open collaboration enabled through

ICT tools

Post –publication peer review

Open research data

Open research notebooks

Citizen science

Open access to research materials

Research crowdfunding

Open Access

OPEN SCIENCE

Aims To support better quality science To increase collaboration and engagement between research and society

Interoperability of scientific infraestructure Open and shared research methodologies (such as open applications and informatics code) Machine-friendly tools (that allow text and data mining)

Transparency in experimental methodology, observation, and collection of data Public availability and reusability of scientific data Public accessibility and transparency of scientific communication Scientific collaboration facilitated by using web-based tools

Key elements

Requirements

Research data

Statistics

Interview recording Survey results Observations resulting

from fieldwork

Measurements

Results of experiments

Images

access, mine, exploit, reproduce and disseminate openly free of charge.

Open Access milestones

1995 2003 2002 2013 2012 2016

Open access By "open access" to this literature (scientific literature), we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.

Budapest Open Access Initiative. 2002 feb 14. http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read

Open access means that scientific literature should be publicly available, free of charge on the Internet so that those who are interested can read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, refer to and, in any other conceivable legal way, use full texts without encountering any financial, legal or technical barriers other than those associated with Internet access itself.

Tenth Anniversary of the Berlin Declaration (2013) Open Access at the Max Planck Society: http://openaccess.mpg.de/2365/en

Scientific literature Research outcomes

Reviewed and published. Available on the internet - Free access to the full text

Right to:

Read Download Print

Copy Distribute Search Link to the full text Crawl articles for indexing Convert to another format Transmit and display the work publicly Etc.

Limits

Recognition (Right to be properly acknowledge and cited) Integrity of the work

Gratis OA

Libre OA

The purpose of open access

Removing access barriers to this literature will accelerate research, enrich education, share the learning of the rich with the poor and the poor with the rich, make this literature as useful as it can be, and lay the foundation for uniting humanity in a common intellectual conversation and quest for knowledge.

Budapest Open Access Initiative. 2002 feb 14. http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read

The benefits of Open Access

Fuller and wider access to scientific publications and data helps to: • Build on previous research results (improved quality of results) • Encourage collaboration & avoid duplication of effort (greater

efficiency) • Speed up innovation (faster progress to market means faster

growth) • Involve citizens and society (improved transparency of the scientific

process).

European Commission. Directorate-General for Research & Innovation. Guidelines on Open Access to

Scientific Publications and Research Data in Horizon2020. https://www.openaire.eu/guidelines-on-open-

access-to-scientific-publications-and-research-data-in-horizon-2020

Bond University Library » Library Guides » Open Access and Scholarly Publishing http://bond.libguides.com/open-access-and-scholarly-publishing

Dahn B, Mussah V, Nutt. Yes, we were warned about Ebola. The New York Times; 2015 Apr 7. http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/08/opinion/yes-we-were-warned-about-ebola.html?_r=1

Floor64. Techdirt. Don't Think Open Access Is Important? It Might Have Prevented Much Of The Ebola Outbreak. From the paywalls-kill dept. 2015 Apr 10. https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150409/17514230608/dont-think-open-access-is-important-it-might-have-prevented-much-ebola-outbreak.shtml

We were stunned recently when we stumbled across an article by European researchers in Annals of Virology: “The results seem to indicate that Liberia has to be included in the Ebola virus endemic zone.” In the future, the authors asserted, “medical personnel in Liberian health centers should be aware of the possibility that they may come across active cases and thus be prepared to avoid nosocomial epidemics,” referring to hospital-acquired infection. What triggered our dismay was not the words, but when they were written: The paper was published in 1982.

http://www.sciencebusiness.net/news/77386/Dutch-EU-presidency-aims-at-open-access-to-scientific-journals

“The fact is that research funded with public money is simply not open to that very same public. New scientific knowledge disappears behind a wall, out of the reach of doctors, of general practitioners; people who may want to know more about a certain disease. All these people are deprived of research and knowledge,”

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/compet/2016/05/26-27/

Specific objectives to accelerate the transition to open science in Europe. • Full open access for all publicly funded scientific publications by 2020; • Open data as the standard for all publicly funded research; • New assessment, reward and evaluation systems; • More open science to maximise its effectiveness and impact on society.

Amsterdam Call for Action on Open Science, 6 Apr 2016

All scientific papers must be freely accesible as of 2020

Competitiveness Council 26-27 May 2016

https://blog.creativecommons.org/2016/04/22/vice-president-biden-taxpayer-funded-cancer-research-shouldnt-sit-behind-walls/

http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/biden-unveiling-public-database-clinical-data-cancer-39643084

https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/biden-to-unveil-launch-of-major-open-access-database-to-advance-cancer-research/2016/06/05/8918c442-2b30-11e6-9de3-6e6e7a14000c_story.html

The Genomic Data Commons. National Cancer Institute https://gdc.nci.nih.gov/

by Patrick Hochstenbach CC-BY

Subscription-based journals

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G55hlnSD1Ys

“I hit a lot of paywalls, like you have to pay $40 per article, and unfortunately I couldn’t shell out a lot of that… So, instead, I would have to cheat and copy the article title back into Google and look for PDF versions, and a lot of the time I actually found them on the NIH PubMed site”. Jack Andraka

Open Access Empowers 16-year-old to Create Breakthrough Cancer Diagnostic: An Interview with Jack Andraka and Dr. Francis Collins, Director of the National Institutes of Health

http://www.ted.com/talks/jack_andraka_a_promising_test_for_pancreatic_cancer_from_a_teenager#t-155308

…through the Internet anything is possible. Theories can be shared, and you don't have to be a professor with multiple degrees to have your ideas valued. It's a neutral space, where what you look like, age or gender, it doesn't matter. It's just your ideas that count...You could be changing the world. So if a 15-year-old who didn't even know what a pancreas was could find a new way to detect pancreatic cancer, just imagine what you could do.

Routes to Open Access Gold

Publishing in a way that allows immediate access to everyone electronically and free of charge. Publishers can recoup costs of publishing through payments from authors (APCs), advertising, donations or other subsidies

Green

Depositing the final peer-reviewed research output in an electronic archive called a repository Access to research output can be granted either immediately or after an agreed embargo period

Gold Road APCs- Article processing charges

Open Access publishing Hybrid journals

Open Access option Fee - APCs

Gratis OA Journals

Libre OA Journals

Right to access

Right to re-use

Right to re-use

Author rights Economic rights:

reproduction, distribution, adaption or modification,

public performance, and public display of the copyrighted work

Copyright transfer agreement

Publisher Moral rights:

Attribution and integrity of the work

Author

To publish

Gratis OA Journals Subscription-based and hybrid journals

Self-archiving policy

Copyright holder

- Place to deposit - Authorized version - Time for deposit - Any other condition

Self-archiving

© All rigths reserved

Libre OA Journals OA option (Hybrid

journals)

Article versions in the peer-reviewed

process

Author’s pre-print - unreferred draft -

Publisher’s version/PDF - article published -

Author’s Post-print - final draft post-refereeing -

The Research Inform

ation Netw

ork. Peer review. A guide for researches. [Internet]. 2010;(M

arch):16. http://w

ww

.rin.ac.uk/system/files/attachm

ents/Peer-review-guide-screen.pdf

Self-archiving

Author rights Institutional / subject repository

Personal webpage Institutional webpage

Interoperability standards Preservation in the long term Dissemination Persistent identifier

Publisher’s policy

Business model

Licencias Creative Commons

Embargo period Authorized version(s) of the article Place to deposit

Free OA journals Gratis OA Hybrid Subscription

The European Research Council: • requests that an electronic copy of any research article, monograph or other research publication that is supported in whole, or in part, by ERC funding be deposited in a suitable repository immediately upon publication. Open access should be provided as soon as possible and in any case no later than six months after the official publication date. For publications in the Social Sciences and Humanities domain a delay of up to twelve months is acceptable. • strongly encourages ERC funded researchers to use discipline-specific repositories for their publications… If there is no appropriate discipline specific repository, researchers should make their publications available in institutional repositories or in centralized ones, such as Zenodo1 . • reminds ERC funded researchers that open access fees are eligible costs that can be charged against ERC grants, provided they have been incurred during the duration of the project.

European Research Council. Open Access Guidelines for researchers funded by the ERC [Internet]. 2013. http://erc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/document/file/ERC_Open_Access_Guidelines-revised_2013.pdf

Beneficiary of action

Obligation to disseminate results (29.1)

To ensure OA to scientific publications relating to its results

By depositing in a repository within 6 months of publication

Research data (29.3)

A machine-readable electronic copy of the

paper accepted for publication (29.2)

On publication

Bibliographic metadata

Van Noorden R. Funders punish open-access dodgers. Nature [Internet]. 508(7495):161. http://www.nature.com/news/funders-punish-open-access-dodgers-1.15007

Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing

the organizations that foster and

support scientific research

the scientists that generate the research results

the publishers who facilitate the peer-review and distribution of results

of the research

the scientists (scientific

community)

the librarians

other who depend on access to this

knowledge

Relevant parties

Statement of the Libraries & Publishers Working Group

We believe that open access will be an essential component of scientific publishing in the future and that works reporting the results of current scientific research should be as openly accessible and freely useable as possible. Libraries and publishers should make every effort to hasten this transition in a fashion that does not disrupt the orderly dissemination of scientific information.

Libraries propose to:

1.Develop and support mechanisms to make the transition to open access publishing and to provide examples of these mechanisms to the community. 2.In our education and outreach activities, give high priority to teaching our users about the benefits of open access publishing and open access journals. 3.List and highlight open access journals in our catalogs and other relevant databases.

Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm

BOAI 10 Nothing in the last ten years makes OA less necessary or less opportune. On the contrary, it remains the case that “scientists and scholars...publish the fruits of their research in scholarly journals without payment” and “without expectation of payment.” In addition, scholars typically participate in peer review as referees and editors without expectation of payment. Yet more often than not, access barriers to peer-reviewed research literature remain firmly in place, for the benefit of intermediaries rather than authors, referees, or editors, and at the expense of research, researchers, and research institutions.

BOAI 10. Ten years on from the Budapest Open Access Initiative: setting the default to open. http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/boai-10-recommendations

(1.7) We remind researchers that they need not work as authors, editors, or referees for publishers who act against their interests

BOAI 10

1.5. We discourage the use of journal impact factors as surrogates for the quality of journals, articles, or authors. We encourage the development of alternative metrics for impact and quality which are less simplistic, more reliable, and entirely open for use and reuse. 2.1. We recommend CC-BY or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work.

BOAI 10

3.6. When subscription-based or non-OA journals permit any kind of self-archiving, or deposit into OA repositories, they should describe what they permit in precise human-readable and machine-readable terms, under an open standard. These descriptions should include at least the version that may be deposited, the timing of deposits, and the licenses that could be attached to deposited versions. 4.1. We should do more to make publishers, editors, referees and researchers aware of standards of professional conduct for OA publishing, for example on licensing, editorial process, soliciting submissions, disclosing ownership, and the handling of publication fees. Editors, referees and researchers should evaluate opportunities to engage with publishers and journals on the basis of these standards of professional conduct.

BOAI 10

Why do we, as librarians, have to foster open access among users and researchers and what can we do?

Time for Safari!

4 stations.15 minutes each

1st station: Researcher needs Scenario: A researcher wants to publish

an article funded with public funds in a scientific journal. What criteria should they have to take into account? Establish the key points that a guide to help them should contain.

2nd station: Health repositories and self-archiving Scenario: If your institution put you in charge of the

development and management of its repository, think about the type of documents, how to assess content quality, the self-archiving and institutional policy and how the dissemination can increase the visibility of your institution.

3rd station: Encouragement of open access among users and researchers.

Scenario: Think what the main stakeholders of open access are and what benefits they get. According to that, elaborate a strategic plan to promote open access among them, indicating the main arguments you would use with each group.

4rd station: Open access publishing

Scenario: Your institution wants to publish an open-access journal. Think about the copyright and self-archiving policy (Gratis vs Libre OA); where the journal’s revenue will come from; how to ensure quality of contents and compliance with ethical guidelines as publisher.

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