the influence of the internet - techniongotsman/236801/10-influence-of-the-internet.pdf• 1990 –...

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The Influence of the The Influence of the InternetInternetEranEran TreisterTreister

Liron PergamentLiron Pergament

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AgendaAgenda

• General Background• Internet Protocols• E-mail• Web Browsers• Search Engines

• Modems• Web Hosting• Threats• Security• Internet Opportunities

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General BackgroundGeneral Background

• 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone.

• 1962 – Bell Labs develops the first modem.

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General BackgroundGeneral Background• 1969 – ARPA-Net, the

forerunner of the Internet, is established.

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• 1981 – Minitel (Teletel) is deployed across France by French Telecom.

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• 1983 - DCA and DARPA establish the TCP/IP protocol for ARPANET

• 1990s – The term Internet appears.

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Internet ProtocolsInternet Protocols

• The Internet is based on the 4-layer model.• Created in the 1970s by DARPA.• The structure of Internet protocols is still closely

reflected by the TCP/IP model.

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Internet ProtocolsInternet Protocols

• This 4-layer model has:– Layer 4: Application layer. – Layer 3: Transport layer. – Layer 2: Network layer.– Layer 1: Physical layer

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World Wide WebWorld Wide Web

• 1989 – Tim Berners-Lee proposes the basic concept of the Web.

• 1990 – Creates HTML, HTTP, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Url.

• 1990 –Writes the prototype for the World Wide Web.

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EE--MailMail

• In late 1971, Tomlinson developed the first ARPANET email application.

• Until the 1980s FTP provided email services for ARPANET.

• Historical addresses till 1982: utzoo!decvax!harpo!eagle!mhtsa!ihnss!ihuxp!grg

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EE--MailsMails

• Early 1980's: the SMTPprotocol was developed.

• 1984 – Creation of BITNET

• 1997 – Hotmail released first free webmail.

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Web BrowsersWeb Browsers

• The first web browser-WorldWideWeb.

• Written in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee.

• Displayed HTML pages• Downloaded and

opened most file types.

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Web BrowsersWeb Browsers

• Mosaic was the first popular World Wide Web browser.

• Developed by Eric Bina and Marc Andreessen in 1992.

• Released in 1993.

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Mosaic BrowserMosaic Browser

• Images were embedded in the text.

• Added graphics to previous text-based software

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Netscape NavigatorNetscape Navigator

• In 1994, Mosaic was renamed to Netscape Navigator.

• Text and graphics appeared on the screen as the web page downloaded

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Internet ExplorerInternet Explorer

• In 1995, Microsoft licensed Mosaic from Spyglass as the basis of Internet Explorer 1.0.

1.0 2.0

3.0

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The Browser WarsThe Browser Wars

• The first browser war: Internet Explorer vs. Netscape Navigator

• By the end of 2006, the usage share of Netscape browsers had fallen from over 85% in the mid 1990s, to less than 1% .

Vs.

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The Browser WarsThe Browser WarsThe Browser WarsThe Browser Wars

• The second browser war: Internet Explorer vs. Mozilla Firefox

• 2002-2003: Peak of 95%.• Since Firefox's release, its market share has

grown to 15.1%.

Vs.

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Search EnginesSearch Engines

• The very first tool used for searching on the Internet was Archie

• Implemented in 1990.• Could not search by

file contents, only by file name.

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• In 1991 the Gopher protocol was created. • Allowed storing and searching large

repositories of information.

Select Fun & Games

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• Veronica - Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index.

• Jughead - Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display.

• Searched files in Gopher index systems.

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• The first "full text" crawler-based search engine was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994.

• Deactivated in 2001.

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• In 1998, Larry Page and Sergey Brin created a new kind of server environment that used low-end PCs.

• Around 2001, Google rose to prominence.

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• Google uses an algorithm called PageRank.

• Google is currently the most popular search engine.

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How Search Engines WorkHow Search Engines Work

Web Crawling

Indexing

Searching

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How Search Engines WorkHow Search Engines Work

• A crawler reads and stores information regarding web site pages.

• Data is indexed and stored in data structures.

• Searching – the engine provides a listing of best-matching web pages.

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Modem DevelopmentModem Development

• A device that converts between digital and analog signals.

• The first modems were developed in the 1950s.

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• The first commercial (dial-up) modem entered the communication market only in 1962.

• Invented by AT&T.• Enabled full-duplex

transmission• Reached data rates of

300bps.

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• In 1980 data rates reached 14.4 Kbps.• Doubled in 1994.• In 1996: 56 Kbps

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• In the late 1990s: “broadband” modems: Cable and ADSL.

• Enable connection speed of 2Mbit/s up to 50 Mbit/s.

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Wireless ModemWireless Modem

• Wireless data modems are used in the WiFi and WiMaxstandards.

• Give laptops and PCs access points to a network.

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Web Servers and HostingWeb Servers and Hosting

• Web servers are computers that host web pages.

• Web hosts are companies that provide space on servers.

• Can also provide data center space called colocation.

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Web Hosting typesWeb Hosting types

• Free – for personal users.• Shared – shared by many

users.• Reseller – clients become web

hosts.• Application specific – blog,

image, video, wiki farms.• Clustered – websites are not

limited to one server.

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Google Servers ExampleGoogle Servers Example

• Provides:– High bandwidth– Load balancing– Fault tolerance

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1978 1978 -- ZipZip

• Created by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv.

• Basis for Winzip.• Improved the ability to transmit large

amounts of data.

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Web Programming ToolsWeb Programming Tools

• Microsoft FrontPage, Adobe DreamWeaver

• ASP.Net• XHTML• JavaScript• All WWW programming

standards are defined by W3C

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Flash TechnologyFlash Technology

• Introduced in 1996.• Adds animation and

interactivity to web pages.

• swf extensions.

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Internet ThreatsInternet Threats

Trojan- Horse

Virus

Worm

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The First VirusesThe First Viruses

• “Elk Cloner” (1982) by Richard Skrenta.

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The Jerusalem VirusThe Jerusalem Virus

• A DOS file virus first detected in Jerusalem, Israel, in October 1987.

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AntiAnti--Viruses Viruses –– since 1987since 1987• 1987 - European Bernt Fix.• Today – McAfee VirusScan and Norton AntiVirus

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Stealth of Data

IP Spoofing

Denial of Service

Threats over the Network Threats over the Network --ExamplesExamples

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FirewallsFirewalls

• Placed between networks of different security level or trust.

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IP Level IP Level Access Access ControlControl

AuthenticationAuthenticationApplication level filtering

FirewallFirewall’’s activitys activity

Creating Creating VPNVPN

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IP Level Access ControlIP Level Access Control --Packet FilteringPacket Filtering

• Scanning of every packet according to a rules table.

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Creating VPNCreating VPN

User

Internet

New York HEAD QUARTERS

User

LondonBranch office

FirewallFirewall

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Internet OpportunitiesInternet Opportunities

• Software customer services• Instant messaging• VoIP, Video.• File sharing applications• Mobility• Commercial Growth• Web 2.0

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Software Customer ServicesSoftware Customer Services

• Automatic Software Updates.• Long term service & maintenance.

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Instant MessagingInstant Messaging• Typed text communication over the Internet.

Once upon a time... Today

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Voice/Video Over IPVoice/Video Over IP• VoIP is routing of voice conversations over

an IP-based network.

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File Sharing ApplicationsFile Sharing Applications

• Napster – 1999.• Today – eMule, Kaaza etc.

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Internet in mobileInternet in mobile

• Accessible in:– Cellular phones– PDAs, Palms– iPAQs

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Commercial GrowthCommercial Growth

• Commercialism through the net.• Automatic customer service.

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Web 2.0Web 2.0

• Second generation of web-based communities and services which facilitate collaboration and sharing between users.

• People can upload as well as download.

• Examples:– Wikipedia– Facebook

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Second LifeSecond Life

• 3-D Virtual world built by it’s residents.

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ReferencesReferences

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/• http://www.warbaby.com/FG_test/Timeline.html• http://www.livinginternet.com/e/ei.htm• http://www.schoolnet.ca/aboriginal/lessons/archi

e-e.html• http://www.google.com/corporate/history.html• http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?p

age=2156451• http://searchwebservices.techtarget.com/sDefinit

ion/0,,sid26_gci211854,00.html

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• http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix99/full_papers/wilson/wilson_html/node4.html

• http://www.pc-history.org/pc-virus.htm• http://www.bls.gov/oco/cg/cgs055.htm• http://www2.rad.com/networks/2005/mode

ms/history.htm• http://www.computer.org/portal/cms_docs_

ieeecs/ieeecs/about/history/timeline.pdf

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• http://www.findmyhosting.com/bandwidth.htm

• http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bltelephone.htm

• http://www.liv.ac.uk/webteam/glossary/

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Thank You!Thank You!

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Backups..Backups..

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Intranet Web Server

External Web Server

User

Firewall Internal Network

Internet

Security Technologies Security Technologies -- FirewallsFirewalls

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Application Level Filtering --StatefullStatefull FirewallFirewall

• Statefull inspection - Application level filtering.

• Dynamic changes in the rule table.

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FTP Application ExampleFTP Application Example

Internal Network

Internet

User initiates a control channel

Server initiates a transmission channel

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FTP Application ExampleFTP Application Example

Firewall

Internal Network

Internet

User initiates a control channel

Firewall initiates a control channel

Server initiates a transmission channel

Static table blocks communication from the outside

By adding dynamic rule –the transmission is allowed

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Firewall Usage Firewall Usage -- NATNAT

Firewall

Public IPs 64.236.16.11 10.0.10.1

212.143.162.158

212.143.162.158:80 64.236.16.11:Y

212.143.162.158:80

10.0. 0.17

10.0.0.17:X

212.143.162.158:80 64.236.16.11:Y

212.143.162.158:80 10.0.0.17:X

10.0. 0.1310.0. 0.212

10.0. 0.710.0. 0.9

the influence of the internet - techniongotsman/236801/10-influence-of-the-internet.pdf• 1990 –...

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