the institute covers wide range of activities on areas of practical plant breeding, seed production,...
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The institute covers wide range of activities on areas of practical plant breeding, seed production, preservation of plant genetic resources, applied and fundamental research, evolvement in postgraduate studies and advisory activities. The main aim of Priekuli PBI is to develop and introduce into production new varieties of barley, winter rye, winter triticale, pea and potato with traits suitable for Latvia growing conditions and acceptable to producers demands.
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute was founded in 1913, and is the oldest and most experienced agricultural scientific centre in Latvia. Within the performance period 103 crop varieties have been created, including 42 potato, 18 perennial grasses, 11 spring barley and 11 pea varieties. In total breeding of 31 crop spiecies has been caried out.
AcknowledgementsImplementation of molecular markers has been funded by EU Structural Funds (project: “Development, improvement and implementation of environmentally friendly and sustainable crop breeding technologies”, 2009/0218/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/099 ), Latvian Council of Science, Latvian National Programme in Agrobiotechnology
AcknowledgementsImplementation of molecular markers has been funded by EU Structural Funds (project: “Development, improvement and implementation of environmentally friendly and sustainable crop breeding technologies”, 2009/0218/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/099 ), Latvian Council of Science, Latvian National Programme in Agrobiotechnology
Use of molecular markers in State Priekuli Plant Breeding InstituteIeva Mežaka1, Linda Legzdiņa1, Ilze Skrabule1, Arta Kronberga1, Māra Bleidere2, Dainis Ruņģis3, Nils Rostoks4
1State Priekuļi Plant Breeding Institute, Zinatnes Str 1a, Priekuļi, Latvia2State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute, Dižstende, Latvia3Genetic Resource Centre, Rigas Str 111, Salaspils, Latvia 4Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Konvalda Blvd., Riga, Latvia
References•Lee, D., Reeves, J.C. , Cooke, R.J. 1996. DNA profiling and plant variety registration: 1. The use of random amplified DNA polymorphisms to discriminate between varieties of oilseed rape. Electrophoresis 17: 261–265.•Piffanelli, P., Ramsay, L., Waugh, R., Benabdelmouna, A., D'Hont, A., Hollricher, K., Jørgensen, J. H., Schulze-Lefert, P., Panstruga, R. 2004. A barley cultivation-associated polymorphism conveys resistance to powdery mildew. Nature 430, 887-891 -> mlo11•Kokina, A., Rostoks, N.(2008) Genome-wide and Mla locus-specific characterization of Latvian barley varieties, Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 62: 103 – 109
References•Lee, D., Reeves, J.C. , Cooke, R.J. 1996. DNA profiling and plant variety registration: 1. The use of random amplified DNA polymorphisms to discriminate between varieties of oilseed rape. Electrophoresis 17: 261–265.•Piffanelli, P., Ramsay, L., Waugh, R., Benabdelmouna, A., D'Hont, A., Hollricher, K., Jørgensen, J. H., Schulze-Lefert, P., Panstruga, R. 2004. A barley cultivation-associated polymorphism conveys resistance to powdery mildew. Nature 430, 887-891 -> mlo11•Kokina, A., Rostoks, N.(2008) Genome-wide and Mla locus-specific characterization of Latvian barley varieties, Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 62: 103 – 109
A few facts about State Priekuļi Plant Breeding Institute
First steps of implementation of MAS
… of barley… of barley Disease and Pest ResistanceQuality and agronomical performance
Marker use in seed productionPrevious studies (Lee et al 1996) show that there is a genetic diversity within varieties despite the fact that they are self-polinated species. In last years we have encountered a problem that some triticale and barley breeding lines are not uniform even after 13 times of selfing and fail DUS test. To select genetically homogeneous individuals from such breeding lines we used highly polymorphic molecular markers – AFLP and retrotransposons and examined varieties on plant-by-plant basis. Morphological characteristics were described for each individual and compared with marker data. Individuals with uncommon alleles or morphological differences were discarded.Selection of homogeneous individuals has been successful: triticale and barley varieties displayed uniformity next year after selection and have entered DUS testing.
Marker use in seed productionPrevious studies (Lee et al 1996) show that there is a genetic diversity within varieties despite the fact that they are self-polinated species. In last years we have encountered a problem that some triticale and barley breeding lines are not uniform even after 13 times of selfing and fail DUS test. To select genetically homogeneous individuals from such breeding lines we used highly polymorphic molecular markers – AFLP and retrotransposons and examined varieties on plant-by-plant basis. Morphological characteristics were described for each individual and compared with marker data. Individuals with uncommon alleles or morphological differences were discarded.Selection of homogeneous individuals has been successful: triticale and barley varieties displayed uniformity next year after selection and have entered DUS testing.
The benefits we expect from MAS•Use of marker assisted selection in early segregating generations could help to identify which segregants carry the desirable trait and discard the rest, therefore diminishing costs•Especially significant for detecting resistance to diseases which traditionally are assessed at field conditions under natural infection, but does not occur every year •Evaluation of disease resistance which have long and complicated phenotypic evaluation
Drawbacks•Most of the published markers are applicable only to certain populations•Desirable traits often are inherited in a complex manner•We are able to use only PCR- based markers
The benefits we expect from MAS•Use of marker assisted selection in early segregating generations could help to identify which segregants carry the desirable trait and discard the rest, therefore diminishing costs•Especially significant for detecting resistance to diseases which traditionally are assessed at field conditions under natural infection, but does not occur every year •Evaluation of disease resistance which have long and complicated phenotypic evaluation
Drawbacks•Most of the published markers are applicable only to certain populations•Desirable traits often are inherited in a complex manner•We are able to use only PCR- based markers
Protein content Starch contentAminoacid content •Lodging-resistanceVitamin E content •Beta glucan content •Low phytate contentResistance to pre-harvest sprouting
•Loose smut ••Fusarium head blight ••Powdery mildew••Net blotch ••Leaf stripe •
… of potato… of potatoDisease and Pest Resistance
Nematodes•Late blight •Potato viruses •
PVX •PVM •PVS •PVY •
Seed production
Traits used in selection
… of triticale… of triticale … of rye… of rye… of pea… of pea
Types of consumption•For serving as a side dish•Crisps•French fries•Baking in oven•Processing into starch
Barley association mappingMolecular markers employed in breeding favorably should be applicable to various populations. Association mapping offers possibility to find a correlation between SNP polymorphisms and desirable traits, phenotyping a wide material of genotypes. We have initiated barley association mapping. Genotyping has been done using Illumina GoldenGateTM Assay which detects Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. Following traits have been phenotyped in six environments (3 years, 2 locations): beta –glucan, vitamin E, lysine, starch and protein content in grain. The aim is to use SNP polymorphisms linked to desirable traits to develop CAPS markers.
Barley association mappingMolecular markers employed in breeding favorably should be applicable to various populations. Association mapping offers possibility to find a correlation between SNP polymorphisms and desirable traits, phenotyping a wide material of genotypes. We have initiated barley association mapping. Genotyping has been done using Illumina GoldenGateTM Assay which detects Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. Following traits have been phenotyped in six environments (3 years, 2 locations): beta –glucan, vitamin E, lysine, starch and protein content in grain. The aim is to use SNP polymorphisms linked to desirable traits to develop CAPS markers.
•Stable yield•Protein content•Falling number•Lodging-resistance•Winter hardiness•Bread –making properties•Water absorbtion
• -testing by MAS or marker adaptation initiated
Conservation of plantgenetic resources
Principial tasks
Research on crop producton management
Breeding
Feed•Biomass•Protein contentTypes of consumption•Traditional grey peas•Porridge•Soups
Pyramiding powdery mildewPyramiding powdery mildewTo develop varieties with durable resistance and to avoid formation of new mildew stains, pyramiding barley powdery mildew resistance genes has been initiated in barley breeding.PCR- based markers linked to resistance genes mlo11 (Piffanelli et al 2004) and Mla18 (Kokina and Rostoks 2008), have been used. The strategy is to test F4 generation lines, discard susceptible ones, and to evaluate in next generations only resistant ones.
Screeding for Mla 18 (left) mlo11 (right) gene ir hybrids. D- DNA ladder, H- heterozygous, R- resistant, S – succeptible individuals, N- negative control
D N R H SD H R R R S S
Mla18 mlo11
Seed production
• -testing by MAS desirable