the internet

Commission on Information and Communications Technology

The Internet

iSchools Project Team

HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP

iSchools - CILC for Teachers2

Internet

• Inter = international • Net = network• a global collection of interconnected

networks - a network of networks• “Mother of All Network”, “Cyber Village”,

“Virtual Community”


Networks

LAN• equipment + resources • facilitate access, transfer

and distribution of data and information

• low cost high-speed data transfer

• office building, warehouse, campus, or any other facility

WAN• a bigger network = 2 or

more interconnected LANs • global companies/

agencies with common databases and information sharing needs

Internet: a network of networksaccessible to anyone connected to an Internet Service

Provider (ISP) with a PC, a modem and a telephone line.


Client/Server Paradigm

• servers + client-PCs/users: various uses• TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and

Internet Protocol – common standard by which computers of different

types and brands are able to communicate with one another

– TCP = break down data + transmit in packets – IP = routing information to destination/s


Internet Applications

• access to a vast load of information• Communications• Commerce• Forum for discussions, opinions• Venue for collaboration• Social networking• www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/introinternet.htm


Basic Internet Services

• Electronic mail or e-mail, Blog • Newsgroups, Bulletin Boards, Forum, Special

Interest Groups• Mailing Lists, Discussion Groups, Social

Networks• Remote Logins• Search Engines • World Wide Web: multimedia information via

hypertext• Commerce/Trading


Brief History

• U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DoD ARPA): ARPANET as military communication system

• 1970’s: universities - email, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and other services

• 1983: TCP/IP as standard protocol – Domain Naming System (DNS): IP addresses =

common names


Brief History

• 1986: NFSnet linked five (5) supercomputers with backbone speed of 56kbps (universities sharing resources)– superior processing power – 1984-1988: hosts (servers) rose from 1,000 to

60,000; bandwidth increased to T1 (1.544 Mbps)– more and more countries joining

• ARPANET folded up in 1990– NFSnet + many new networks: became the Internet

of the ‘90s– Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) for

commercial use of Internet


Brief History

• Today: over 1 billion users worldwide (Dec. 2005)– 15.7% of the world's population– over 200 countries– increasing exponentially (182% from 2000-2005)

Once the sole province of the military, research institutions and universities, it is

now available to anyone who wants it.


Internet Architecture

• IP Addressing (dotted quad)– to identify hosts – 140.186.81.6 = two parts: network 140.186, host

PC 81.6– PC1.1 (140.186.81.6) and PC1.2 (140.186.2.3) =

same network – router needed for 2 PCs from different networks to

talk e.g. PC1.1 to communicate with PC2.1 (140.185.1.1)


Internet Architecture

• Domain Naming System– user-friendly naming

scheme (lettered IP address system)

– domain name server

• zones: organizational and geographic

• 3-letter zones = organization, 2-letter zones = country

edu – educational institutionmil – militarygov – governmentnet – networkcom – commercialorg – organization


Hardware/Software Requirements

• Computer• Modem for dial-up connections• Telephone line, leased line,

cellular/cable/satellite networks• Some software – browser, email

client/app, ftp, etc.


Internet Service Providers (ISP)

• a company that provides Internet connection services to the general public to the Internet

• any online system that has direct Internet connection and provides access to it


Levels of Internet Access

Dedicated Leased-Line Connection – by large organization; entire LAN connected to the Internet

Direct Connection – leasing fiber optic cable or similar transmission media

Dial-up Connection –most common form of connection;

ISDN: high-speed dial-up + digital phone

Broadband Connection – high-speed “always on” multi-signal connection, small to medium-sized organizations

(cable, DSL, satellite)


Ways to Connect to the Internet

● Telephone line● Ethernet● Wi-Fi Wireless ● Bluetooth Wireless● special device (e.g.

Blackberry, Treo, combination cell phone/PDAs)

• Cell Phone with built-in modem type adapters – dial-up or through

GPRS, special data cable, infrared ports, or Bluetooth


Comparative Performance

A file that takes 1 hour to download via a 56K dial-up connection will take about 26 minutes with an ISDN line, between 2.2 and 13 minutes over a cable connection, and between 2.2 and 26 minutes over a DSL connection would take.

- CompuKiss.com


Web Browsing

• fastest growing Internet service • GUI, supports hypertexting • Uniform Resource Locator or URL

http://www.howstuffworks.com/computers/internet-infrastructure.htm

Transmission Protocol

Domain or Server Name: to connect to the host server machine or computer where the data is stored

Location within the server

File Name of the Web page: actual name of the HTML file


Web Browser


Web Browser

• Back • Forward • Reload/Refresh• Stop • Address Box• Search

• Home• History• Bookmark/Favorites

Manager• Preferences


Portal & Search Engine


Search Engine

• Google, yahoo, lycos, etc.– www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/googlesearch.htm

• Number of results, next page• Search tips for more specific/focused

searches• htm link vs. pdf link (open/save)• evaluating a site (appropriateness, reliability,

validity)


Web Browser

• Portal• Search Engine

– query via index servers to access relevant document servers

– tips

• Email– webmail– POP3 email client

• Blog• Collaborative work• Groupware, eGroup• Discussion Forum

• download/upload• eCommerce• PodCasts• research• application / file downloads• Chat, Instant Messaging (IM)• Educational Resources• Online Learning / Distance

Education• Online competitions• Gaming, Entertainment resources

Learning How to Use the Internet Step-by-Step: www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/course


email

• Models:– Webmail (e.g. Yahoo mail, gmail, Hotmail): must be

online to the server housing your mailbox to access and manage your mail.

– POP3 email client (e.g. Mozilla Thunderbird, MS Outlook): must be online to the server only to download your mail, after that, go offline to read, reply and manage the local mail storage; need to go online again to send


e-mail address

name_of_user@domain_name_of_computer

• Your online identity!• Mailbox name or username - should not

contain commas, spaces and parentheses• @ (at sign)• Address or hostname – domains and sub-

domains separated by “.”


Yahoo Email Account

1.Go to mail.yahoo.com2. “Sign up now”.3.succeeding page: “Sign Up for Yahoo! Mail” 4.Fill out the entire form, use the Tab key or the

mouse • Check validity Yahoo ID.• Security word.• “Submit This Form”.

5.confirmation page: “Continue to Yahoo Mail”6.start using your new, free Yahoo email account


e-mail

• Parts1. header

• Addressee (To:) • Carbon Copy (CC:)• Blind Carbon Copy (BCC:)• Title of Message (Subject:)• Sender (From:)

2. body - plain text files or as html file

3. signature (optional)4. attachment/s

• Services:– Receive– Compose– Send – Reply / Reply to All– Forward– Junk Mail / Spam– Address Book/Contacts– Calendar– Message Management


Other useful online services

• Blog (blogger, blogspot)

• Teacher / Education Portals (e.g. EdNA.edu.au, tsof.edu.au, teach-nology.com)

• Online Resources / Libraries (e.g. iSchools WebBoard, elib.gov.ph, skoool, EMC online, google videos)

• Discussion Forum (Teachers.Net)

• Social Networks (e.g. Friendster, Links)

• Real-time Communications (YM, Skype)

• Online Learning Content Management Systems (e.g. Manhattan Virtual Classroom, Nuvvo, moodle)

• Wiki, Groups (e.g. Yahoo Groups)

Commission on Information and Communications Technology

Thank you

the internet

Documents

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destinationsischools

htmisch cilc

common namesischools

internet applicationsaccess

internet architectureip

network of networksmother

network router