the internet of things (iot) a brave new world · 26/09/2016 · the internet of things (iot) a...

201512

Jesus Alonso-Zarate, PhD, MBAHead of M2M Communications Department

The Internet of Things (IoT)A Brave New World

MASTEAM, EETAC, Castelldefels, 28th September 2016

J. Alonso-Zarate, September 2016 2


Gartner Hype Curve 2016


The Fourth Industrial Revolution

1st: 1800s Industrial Revolution2nd: 1990 The World Wide Web (www) 1 billion connected devices

3rd: 2000 Mobile Internet From 2 to 6 billion devices

4th: 2020 The Internet of Things (Everything) End of 2015: 13,4 billion connected devices Prediction: 2020 38.5 billion McKinsey Global Institute (Tech Rep. 2015): $4 trillion (2015) $11 trillion (2025)

Source: Juniper Research, Technical Report (2015) http://www.juniperresearch.cpm/press/press-releases/iot-connected-devices-to-triple-to-38-bn-by-2020


Why now?

Progress in technology makes it possible Miniaturization Low Cost

We have already connected nearly every person on the planet Opportunity to connect lots of devices

Huge Market Opportunity (despite low ARPU)

Potential Improve existing and create new businesses Enhance processes (efficiency) Boost well-being Create new jobs!!!


1. Uncertain ecosystem2. Soft Hard Worlds 3. Natural cycles of replacement4. Companies to become Software5. Price, Security and Ease of Use

Barriers for IoT adoption

Based on: http://mattturck.com/2016/03/28/2016-iot-landscape/https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-3/Accenture-Igniting-Growth-in-Consumer-Technology.pdf


2016 IoT Landscape

Source: http://mattturck.com/2016/03/28/2016-iot-landscape/List of companies: http://dfkoz.com/iot-landscape/


Key IoT Verticals

WEARABLES

FUTURE DRIVING

SMART CITIES

CONNECTED HOMES

TRANSPORTATION

RETAIL & VENDING

LOGISTICS

SMART GRID

HEALTH CARE

INDUSTRY 4.0

PUBLIC SAFETYBANKING

PRECISION AGRICULTURE


1. User Acceptance Job Destruction? Easy of use? Security?

2. Get value from Data3. Connectivity

Three Keys for IoT success


Big Data44 ZB by 2020

44,000,000,000,000 GB

Virtualized Core Network

50 billion by 2020

Heterogeneous wireless techsConnectivity

What is connectivity?


WIRED WIRELESSPROS PROS- Security- High Data Rate- High Reliability- Cost of material- Fast connection time- Low maintenance cost?

- No cables- Mobility- Scalability- Flexibility

CONS CONS Challenges- Lack of flexibility- Scalability- Cost of deployment- No mobility

- Low Reliability- Security (overhearing)- Lower Data rate- Interference- Connection Latency- Energy consumption- Total cost of ownership?

Wired or Wireless?


Let’s go wireless

- Let’s go back to the 90s or even 2000s.- Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)- Shall we use cellular mobile phone network already deployed?

- Energy consumption- Cost of operation- Small Data Transmission- Uplink capacity- Heterogeneous Traffic Requirements (mission critical + reporting)- Update Over the Air (massive firmware update)

- It was need a wireless low-power communication technology.- In 2003, the IEEE released 802.15.4 Standard for Low Rate Wireless

Communications technology.- Adopted by the Zigbee Alliance to become the wireless tech for

sensors and objects.


But…we need low energy!

ENERGY = POWER(range) x TIME

Zigbee is Low Power


The Alphabet Soup…

LTE-MEC-GSM


A General View (Wireless)

WIFI

Bluetooth LE

Data Transmission Rate ( Delay! Energy! Reliability! … !)

10m 100m 1km 10km

Kbps

bps

Mbps

Gbps

RFID

Zigbee

2G, 3G, 3G+

LTE, LTE-A, beyond

LPWAN M2MLow Throughput Networks (LTN)

VLC


How to select?

Reliability

Availability

Zigbee-like

Bluetooth LE

Low Power WLANProprietary Cellular

Standardized Cellular

Wired M2M

Availability = coverage, roaming, mobility, critical mass in rollout, etc.Reliability = resilience to interference, throughput guarantees, low outages, etc.(Total Cost of Ownership = CAPEX, OPEX.)


- Licensed vs Unlicensed- Cost- Mobility of devices- Latency Requirements- Geographical Coverage- Power and Energy Consumption constraints- Required Bandwidth- Access to existing infrastructure- KPIs depending on the specific application

Selection Criteria


Wireless Connectivity

Is there anything new coming?


CTTC: Where we are


CTTC: Who we are?

• Non-profit research center funded in 2001• Around 120 people

• 70 technical + 20 PhD Students + 30 Support.• Main activities: PHY, MAC and IP OSI layers.• R+D+i Projects > 160.

1) Direct contracts with industry (companies)2) Competitive Public Funds for R&D

• More than 1700 Publications since 2001• 1 Spin-off• More than 27 Scientific Awards• More information: http://www.cttc.es


Research Divisions and Departments

COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

ONSOptical Networks &

Systems

ONSOptical Networks &

Systems

MONETMobile Networks

MONETMobile Networks

A&MSPArray and Multi-Sensor

Processing

A&MSPArray and Multi-Sensor

Processing

ASIPAdvanced Signal and

Information Processing

ASIPAdvanced Signal and

Information Processing

SIStatistical Inference

SIStatistical Inference

PHYCOMPHYLayer

Implementation of High Performance Comms

Systems

PHYCOMPHYLayer

Implementation of High Performance Comms

Systems

M2M Machine-to-Machine

Communications

SMARTECHSmart Energy EfficientComms Technologies

SMARTECHSmart Energy EfficientComms Technologies

MSNMicrowave Systems and

Nanotechnology

MSNMicrowave Systems and

Nanotechnology

GEOMATICS

RSERemote Sensing

RSERemote Sensing

GINIntegrated Geodesy

and Navigation

GINIntegrated Geodesy

and Navigation


M2M Department at CTTC

• Research on M2M Communications for the IoT

• Applications: Smart Grids, Smart Cities, e-Health, ITS.

• Focus on hybrid architecture: cellular + short-range

• Heterogeneous Technologies for 5G:

• LTE, LP-WiFi, Zigbee (802.15.4), subGHz.

• Enablers: cooperation, cognition, energy harvesting, D2D

• Focus on lower layers of protocol stack; PHY, MAC, NET.

• Tools: theory and simulation (MATLAB, COOJA, ns-3)

• Experimental touch: sensor motes, FPGA, SDR.


GOOGLE: 507.000 hits

GOOGLE SCHOLAR: 104.000 hits

IEEE XPLORE: 6.297 papers

“Medium Access Control”

As of 11th September 2016


Sharing Resources


However…

ALOHA in the EN 13757-4 (Wireless M-bus) for AMR

FSA in ISO/IEC-18000-7 (RFID)


WHAT’S WRONG?


We need a revolution


This revolution is called DQ


• Communications Technology• INFINITE number of connected devices • Fair resource allocation among nodes• Traffic prioritization: QoS-enabled• No congestion under any load conditions• Performance independent of network size• Performance independent of network composition (no need to know the

devices associated to the network). This is a key value for the IoT.• Maximization of data transmissions• Collision-free data transmissions • Minimization of silence periods (no backoffs or random waiting windows)• Ultra-Low energy consumption

DQ: The Future of Wireless


Traffic load (number of devices)

Performance

Others suffer from congestion

DQ – maximum stable performance

Performance of DQ


http://iotworld.cttc.es

In collaboration with:


Let’s go finishing…

The IoT will bring:- Positive Impacts- Threats - Challenges


The IoT: Positive impacts

- Increased efficiency (resources, logistics, energy distribution)- Lower costs- Improved quality of Life and environment protection- Safety (planes, food, etc.)- Shift in labor markets and skills- New business models- Data is the source of revenue hardware commoditized- Smart world with data to better understand our world


The IoT: The threats

- Privacy and Security- Job losses for unskilled labor (blue-collar jobs)

- 2013, Oxford University machines could replace 47% of US jobs in 20 years.- New jobs will be created. 9 of the 10 most in-demand jobs in 2012 did not exist in 2013!- And…what about a “World without job”? (http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/07/world-without-work/395294/9)

- More complex systems- Possible single points of failure for an entire system (e.g. grid)- Consequences of a potential “digital Pearl Harbor”

- High dependence on infrastructure for data and communications to do absolutely everything Target for attacks.

- Societal and end-user acceptance this is key.- Monetization of the IoT- Many technical research challenges to be solved.


Research challenges

- Scalability (tons of devices)- Heterogeneity (applications and devices)- Network Slicing (no single solution will work for all)- Software Defined Networking (flexibility)- Fog and Edge-Computing (need to accelerate processes)- Device Management (firmware updates, etc.)- Security (many security wholes)- Interoperability M2M platforms, Standard API calls, etc.- Ultra-high energy efficiency zero-power operation is doable


Thanks for your kind attention!

Jesus Alonso-Zarate, PhD, MBASenior Researcher

Head of M2M Communications DepartmentCentre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)

[email protected]

http://www.theiot.es (@thinkaboutiot)http://www.jesusalonsozarate.com

@jalonsozarate

the internet of things (iot) a brave new world · 26/09/2016 · the internet of things (iot) a...

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