the ip revolution. page 2 the ip revolution ip revolution why now? the 3 pillars of the ip...
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The IP RevolutionThe IP Revolution
Page 2
The IP Revolution
IP Revolution
Why now?
The 3 Pillars of the IP Revolution
How IP changes everything
Page 3
IP Revolution
This is really a misnomer
What we are in the middle of is a Digital revolution
The CCTV world is moving from Analog to Digital
This is much more than just the transmission (IP)
Page 4
What Digital means
Why have so many technologies gone digital?
Digital signals do not degrade with distance
Digital data does not degrade with time
Digital data does not degrade when copied
Incredible digital technologies can be used for IP Video
Simple concepts with huge implications
Page 5
Why Now?
The technologies required have come together at exactly the
same time
All the required technologies are now at price points which
make IP system cheaper than analog ones
Page 6
3 Pillars of the Revolution
1. Compression
2. Networks
3. Storage
Page 7
Pillar 1: Compression
Raw PAL/NTSC video runs at 158 Mbps
This needs to be compressed!
This will get worse with HD
• 720p HD Video is 500 Mbps
• 1080p HD Video is 1,000 Mbps!
Page 8
CCTV and TV
Compression for TV is different
In the TV world there are millions of decoders for every encoder
In CCTV it is the other way around
CCTV needs low latency
So a good compression standard for TV is not good for CCTV
Page 9
Compression Tools
MJPEG – simple to implement but not good
MPEG-4 – more difficult to implement, but good compression
H.264 (now MPEG4 part 10) difficult to implement and excellent
compression
Page 10
Compression comparison
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time (s)
Bit
rate
(kb
ps)
8000 MPEG-4
9000 H.264
Moving traffic
No traffic
Moving traffic
MJPEG at 5fps
MPEG-4 with no ME
Page 11
What bitrate?
Assuming a Good H.264 compressor:
• Standard PAL/NTSC: 2 Mbps
• 720p HD: 1 – 6 Mbps
• 1080p HD: 2 – 10 Mbps
A bad compressor will 10x these values – and your storage will be
10x!
Page 12
Pillar 2: Networks
Ethernet Switching has revolutionised networking
In a switch data is only transmitted on the ports where the data is
sent to
The ‘Backbone’ of the switch can handle much more than the speed
of each port
Page 13
Example 24 port switch
Cisco 2960
• 24 x 100Mbps ports
• 2 x 1 Gbps ports
Switching capacity 6.5 M Packets/sec
With 1 Kbit packets this is 6.5 G bps
That is 3000 streams of 2Mbps video!
400 Pounds
Page 14
Rack encoders
Rack based encoders reduce costs even further – as long as they
have 1 Ethernet connection
20 racks connected to a switch with 10 slots per rack gives 200
streams
At $800 per switch that is $4 per stream!
Page 15
Spreading the load
Distributing the recording around the network means that very large
systems can be built easily
For a 2000 camera system you do not just multiply the bandwidth
by the number of streams
More details this afternoon
Page 16
Long distance
If you can lay fibre the cost per stream is very low
Wireless technology has dropped in price
WAN networking costs are dropping and available bandwidths are
climbing
Page 17
Choosing switches
Make sure the whole network is thought out and designed
Check features like the maximum number of multicast groups
Always buy managed switches
Don’t scrimp – but don’t over engineer!
Page 18
Power Over Ethernet
This technology has always been good
The price per slot is now very low
The PoE premium is around £7 per port
Compared to the cost of cabling and individual power supplies
this is a huge saving
A new standard will provide enough power for PTZ!
Page 19
Pillar 3: Storage
Storage can be as much as 50% of the total system cost
Disks just keep getting bigger (now 1.5TB)
End users want to record:
• Higher quality
• Higher frame rates
• For longer
HD Cameras demand even more storage!
Page 20
Video Storage is not normal
CCTV puts very high demands on storage
Data rates are very high and relentless
The read/write ratio is completely different to a general office
environment
CCTV is 99.9% write 0.1% read
Page 21
Not all disks are the same!
All disk manufacturers have disks with different ratings
Make sure the disks in your NVR are rated for 24/7/365
operation
Page 22
Why IP Changes Everything
Distance does not matter
Easy scalability
Software decode – workstation based security
Analog: cheap input - expensive output
Digital: cheap input - free output
Composite video is dead
Page 23
Distance does not matter
In an analog system distance is everything
In a digital world a camera on a network is on the network –
regardless of distance
A camera 100ft away is the same as one 10 miles away
An NVR 100ft away is the same as one 100 miles away
Page 24
Easy Scalability
Modern networks have capacity to handle many thousands of
streams
Modern workstations can decode many streams of video
As long as the software supports large numbers scalability is easy
Page 25
Software Decode
Viewing video does not need custom equipment
Viewing video does not need hardware help
Decoding video is much easier than encoding it
Page 26
Analog - Digital
When IP video is compressed – the hard bit is done
Taking a video stream off of the network and displaying it just
needs a PC based workstation
In the digital world viewing is cheap
Page 27
Summary
3 Pillars of the Revolution
1. Compression
2. Networks
3. Storage
Thank YouThank You