The IR-4 Program:Our Mission, Our Success, Our Future

Cristi L PalmerIR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program

Manager

What is IR-4?

• A USDA-NIFA granted program to address specialty crop growers’ needs and minor uses of major crops

• IR-4 sponsors efficacy and phytotoxicity research so that new pathogens/pests and crops can be added to product labels

• IR-4 compiles this information in a format manufacturers can easily turn into a submission to EPA

IR-4 HQ, Rutgers UniversityStudy Directors, QA Manager, HQ Staff

Four Geographical RegionsNorth Central - Michigan State University

North Eastern - Cornell UniversitySouthern - University of Florida, Gainesville

Western - University of California, Davis

USDA-ARS, BeltsvilleARS Labs & Field Stations

All units work together under the umbrella of the Project Management Committee

Ornamental Horticulture Program:The Four Steps of IR-4

• Step 1: Identify grower needs

• Step 2: Establish research priorities

• Step 3: Establish research program

• Step 4: Communicate research results

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 1: Identify Grower Needs

Grower & Extension Survey

Project Requests

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 2: Establish Research Priorities

• Biennial Workshop– October 6-8, 2009 in Cleveland, OH

– Plant Growth Regulator Society Meeting

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 2: Establish Research Priorities

Discuss majorpathogen, pest, weed, pgr issues

High Priority Projects

A = not registeredB = registered but not commercializedC = registered and commercialized

Decide

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 2: Establish Research Priorities

• Midcycle Review of Priorities– NCSU Ornamental Workshop– NEWSS– Plant Growth Regulator Society Meeting

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 2: Establish Research Priorities

2009 High Priority Projects– Continue Downy Mildew– Continue Bacteria– Continue Borers– Continue Armored Scale– Explore Snails– Explore Root Mealybugs– Herbicide Crop Safety– Early Post Emergence

2010 High Priority Projects– Continue Bacteria– Pythium Efficacy– Continue Scale & Mealybug– Continue Thrips

• Crop Safety• Beneficials

– Mite Efficacy– Herbicide Crop Safety– Early Post Emergence– Liverwort Efficacy

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 3: Establish Research Program

• Coordinated approach based on High Priority Projects

• Additional focus on invasive species− Phytophthora ramorum− Chili thrips− Bemisia Q biotype− Japanese beetle

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 3: Establish Research ProgramNational Research Planning Meeting

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 3: Establish Research Program

Photo by Cristi Palmer

Photo by Ron Oetting

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 4: Communicate Research Results

• Researcher Reports

• Summaries• Protocols• Workshop

information• Survey• Project

request form

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 4: Communicate Research Results

Ornamental Horticulture Program:Step 4: Communicate Research Results– Post Research Reports to Website– Research Project Summaries

• http://www.ir4.rutgers.edu/ornamentals.html– Scientific Meeting Presentations– Trade & other Grower Meetings– Trade Journal Publications– Facebook

• http://www.facebook.com/pages/IR-4-Ornamental-Horticulture-Program/93859880058

• Or search for “IR-4”

Photo by Nik Grunwald, USDA-ARS

Highlights of Program Activities2005-2010

High Priority Project: Thrips• Thrips Efficacy became a high priority

project in 2005.

Western Flower Thrips

Weeping Laurel Thrips

Chili Thrips

Thrips simplex

on Gladiolus

T. Davis, MSU

L. Osborne, UFL

• Chili thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) was added in 2006.

IR-4 Research Program for Thrips (2005-2009)

• IR-4 sponsored 328 trials in 29 experiments from 2005 through 2009 looking at 56 different products on 4 different thrips species– IR-4 definition: trial is unique combination of crop, pest, product,

production site– Caveat: not all products were tested on all thrips

Luis CanasYan Chen

Raymond CloydWhitney Cranshaw

Terry DavisDan Gilrein

Meng-Meng Gu

David HeldScott LudwigRon OettingMike ParrellaMike Reding

John SandersonDoug Walsh

Researchers

Western Flower and Chili Thrips Summary

Best Products for Chili ThripsAria (flonicamid)

Avid (abamectin)

Conserve (spinosad)

Flagship (thiamethoxam)

Marathon (imidacloprid)

Orthene (acephate)

Overture (pyridalyl)

Pylon (chlorfenapyr)

Safari (dinotefuron)

TriStar (acetamiprid)

Best Products for WFTKontos (spirotetramat)

Overture (pyridalyl)

Pylon (chlorfenapyr)

Tolfenpyrad

Western Flower Thrips

Chili Thrips

L. Osborne, UFL

Gladiolus Thrips (Thrips simplex)

• All but 2 of the 24 products tested as bulb dip applications worked well.

• Orthene TTO (acephate) 24(c) registration in MI for bulb dip application

T. Davis, MSU

Thrips Product Registrations in 2008

• Overture (pyridalyl) was registered with EPA in April

• Conserve (spinosad) was amended to include Chili thrips in August

• Kontos (spirotetramat) was registered with EPA in August

• Tolfenpyrad received reduced risk status for ornamental horticulture uses

High Priority Project: Phytophthora

• Phytophthora Efficacy was established as a high priority project starting with the 2003 IR-4 Workshop

• Limited testing the first year• Phytophthora diseases remain a major concern,

but as of 2008 IR-4 had tested the available new active ingredients for this set of pathogens– P. ramorum

IR-4 Research Program for Phytophthora (2004-2009)

• IR-4 sponsored 799 trials in 68 experiments from 2004 through 2009 looking at 54 different products on 10 different species– IR-4 definition: trial is unique combination of crop, pathogen,

product, production site

Chris BeckerMike Benson

Victoria Brooks *Gary ChastagnerJanice Elmhirst *

Kent EvansDon Ferrin

Ann GouldNik Grunwald

Mary HausbeckAlan Henn

Heidi KratschBob LindermanDave Norman

Aaron PalmateerAnnaMarie

PennucciM.S. ReddyRich Regan

Jim StrandbergDoug Walsh

Researchers

* Cooperative Research with Canada

Phytophthora species

• Phytophthora cactorum • Phytophthora cinnamomi • Phytophthora citricola • Phytophthora cryptogea • Phytophthora dreschleri • Phytophthora nicotianae/parasitica • Phytophthora palmivora• Phytophthora ramorum • Phytophthora syringae • Phytophthora tropicalis

Efficacy across Phytophthora species

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Adorn n Y Y Y Y YAliette Y n Y Y - nAlude Y n Y n - nBiophos Y n Y Y - -Disarm n n n Y - YFenstop Y Y Y Y - YHeritage - n - n Y YInsignia Y n n n - nMagellan Y n - n - nNOA 446510 Y n - Y n nSegway Y Y Y n Y YStature DM/SC Y Y Y Y - YSubdue Maxx n Y n Y Y YVital Y n n Y - n

Phytophthora Conclusions

• Every Phytophthora and crop combination are different

• Not every product will work equally as well for all Phytophthora species

• If you have difficulties managing Phytophthora,– Get help– Get it identified– Rotate to different products

Phytophthora Product Registrations

• Adorn (fluopicolide)

• Fenstop (fenamidone)

• Insignia (pyraclostrobin)

• Pageant (boscalid + pyraclostrobin)

• Segway (cyzofamid)

• Stature SC (dimethomorph)

IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Registration Successes Since 2003

Herbicide (8)Broadstar 0.2G (flumioxazin) *Dimension 2EW (dithiopyr)Freehand G (dimethenamid-p +pendimethalin)*Outlook* (dimethenamid-p)Pendulum 2G (pendimethalin)*Rout Herbicide (oryzalin +oxyflurfen)SureGuard (flumioxazin)*Tower EC (dimethenamid-p)*

Fungicide (12)Adorn (fluopicolide)Cease Biofungicide (Bacillus subtilis) *Compass (trifloxystrobin)Compass 0 50WDG (trifloxystrobin)Endorse (polyoxin D) *Fenstop (fenamidone) *Heritage (azoxystrobin)Insignia 20SG (pyraclostrobin)*Pageant 35WG (boscalid + pyraclostrobin)Segway (cyazofamid) *Stature SC (dimethomorph)Subdue MAXX (mefonaxam)

Insecticide (13)Aria 50SG (flonicamid)Celero 16WSG (clothianadin) *Kontos (spirotetramat)Conserve SC (spinosad)DPX-E2Y45 (chlorantraniliprole)Flagship (thiamethoxam)*Judo (spiromesifen)Orthene TTO (acephate)*Overture 35WP (pyridalyl)Safari 20SG (dinotefuron)*Sanmite (pyridaben)*TriStar 70WSP (acetamiprid)Ultiflora (milbemectin)*

Plant Growth Regulators (2)Cycocel (chlormequat chloride)Tiburon (cyclanalide)

* IR‐4 data also used in CA and/or NY registration packages

Acknowledgements & Info

• Cooperative Research Efforts:– All the fine researchers throughout the US

• Ely Vea & Lori Harrison

• Regional Coordinators– North Central – Satoru Miyazaki (517-336-4611)– North East – Edith Lurvey (315-787-2308)– Southern – Michelle Foo (352-392-2399)– Western – Becky Sisco (530-752-7634)– USDA-ARS – Paul Schwartz (301-504-8256)

• IR-4 Website: www.ir4.rutgers.edu

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