The Italian RenaissancePart B

The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance

1. What were two big trends in how Renaissance thought developed?

• Individualism (Individual expression and glory)• Secularism (A focus on this world)

2. What was Renaissance Humanism?• A study of ancient Greek and Roman writings,

particularly the ancient emphasis on man and worldly achievement

ErasmusRenaissance Humanist

3. In terms of subjects, what did Renaissance Humanists study?• Grammar, Rhetoric, Literature, Philosophy,

History• Today, we call these subjects the humanities

4. Who was the father of Renaissance Humanism?• Petrarch, an Italian poet

Petrarch, 1304-1374

5. Who was Dante?• An Italian author who wrote The Divine

Comedy, a story of a journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven

• Dante’s story utilizes people from Roman history

Dante with a copy of the Divine Comedy

6. Besides printed works, what else transmitted some Renaissance ideas?• Humanist schools that emphasized the liberal

arts (humanities, e.g.)• Education came to be seen more and more as

a tool of self-improvement

7. Prior to the Renaissance, Medieval painting tended to be what?• Two-dimensional and cartoonish

8. How were Renaissance paintings different?• Renaissance paintings were more Three-

dimensional and realistic• Renaissance subjects appear more alive and

realistic

Example of Medieval Painting

Example of the realism in Renaissance Paintings

9. What was one of the most important Renaissance painting techniques?• Linear Perspective• Linear Perspective creates 3-D perspective

Linear Perspective in The Last Supper

Linear Perspective in Delivery of the Keys by Perugino

10. Renaissance sculpture was known for what?• Accuracy (Realism)

11. Who were some of the great Renaissance sculptors?• Donatello (1386-1466)• Michelangelo (1475-1564)

Sculpture by DonatelloStatue of St. George

Sculpture by MichelangeloMoses, The Tomb of Pope Julius II

12. Who were some of the great Renaissance painters?• Raphael (1483-1520)• Michelangelo (1475-1564)• Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)• Titian• Albrecht Durer (1417-1528)

Painting by RaphaelSchool of Athens

Painting by MichelangeloPortion of The Last Judgment

Painting by Leonardo da VinciThe Virgin and Child with St. Anne

Painting by TitianPortrait of Charles V

Painting by Albrecht DurerFour Apostles

13.What were some of Michelangelo’s great works?

• Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, a series of paintings of Biblical events on the ceiling panels of the Sistine Chapel

• Pieta, a marble statue of Mary and the crucified Jesus

• David, a marble statue of the Biblical Hebrew warrior and king

Michelangelo’s Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo’s Pieta

Michelangelo’s David

14. What were some of Leonardo da Vinci’s greatest works?• Mona Lisa, a painting of a woman with a

mysterious smile/smirk• The Last Supper, a mural of Christ and his

Disciples celebrating the Passover (a sacred Jewish meal)

• Sketches, a series of drawings, including machines

Leonardo’s Mona Lisa

Leonardo’s The Last Supper

Leonardo’s Sketches

15. To where did the Renaissance spread?• To the north: France, Germany, and England

16. With its emphasis on scholarship, individualism, and secularism, for what did the Renaissance pave the way?• The Protestant Reformation

17. What did the Protestant Reformation do?• It shattered Catholic Christendom into many

different religious sects, identities, and camps• Christian unity in the West—a unity that had

lasted over 1000 years—had died

The Protestant ReformationLuther and Calvin