the jazz age society in the 1920s mass media in the jazz age cultural conflicts

The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age

Society in the 1920sSociety in the 1920s

Mass Media in the Jazz Mass Media in the Jazz AgeAge

Cultural ConflictsCultural Conflicts


The 1920s were a The 1920s were a time of rapid time of rapid social change in social change in which many which many people – people – particularly particularly women – adopted women – adopted new lifestyles and new lifestyles and attitudes.attitudes.

Setting the StageSetting the Stage

1880s: 1880s: Industrialization Industrialization and immigration.and immigration.

WWI accelerated WWI accelerated urbanization and urbanization and what happened to what happened to men in the war men in the war made the young made the young question question traditional values.traditional values.

The FlapperThe Flapper Breezy, slangy, and Breezy, slangy, and

informal in manner; informal in manner; slim and boyish in slim and boyish in form; covered in silk form; covered in silk and fur that clung to and fur that clung to her as close as onion her as close as onion skin; with vivid red skin; with vivid red cheeks and lips, cheeks and lips, plucked eyebrows plucked eyebrows and close-fitting and close-fitting helmet of hair; gay, helmet of hair; gay, plucky and confident. plucky and confident.

The FlapperThe Flapper

Wore shorter dresses Wore shorter dresses than their mothers. than their mothers. (9-inch hemline for (9-inch hemline for mom)mom)

Short hair and hats Short hair and hats to show off short hair to show off short hair Bobbed hairBobbed hair

Wore make upWore make up Drank and smoked in Drank and smoked in

publicpublic

The FlapperThe Flapper

Not many women Not many women were full flappers.were full flappers.

But changes were But changes were happening.happening. Parents didn’t like Parents didn’t like

it!it!

Women Working and Women Working and VotingVoting

More women More women chose flapper hair chose flapper hair and clothes and clothes because they because they were simpler for were simpler for the working girl.the working girl. ConvenienceConvenience

Women working in the Women working in the 1920s1920s

15% of women 15% of women were were professionalsprofessionals

20% had clerical 20% had clerical jobsjobs

By 1930 29% of By 1930 29% of the workforce was the workforce was women.women.

Women working in the Women working in the 1920s1920s

BUTBUT Business was Business was

prejudiced against prejudiced against women.women.

Seldom trained Seldom trained women for jobs women for jobs beyond entry levelbeyond entry level

Did not pay same Did not pay same wage as men.wage as men.

Married or pregnant Married or pregnant often meant you were often meant you were fired.fired.

Women and the VoteWomen and the Vote

1920 – women were 1920 – women were allowed to vote.allowed to vote.

1920 only 35% of the 1920 only 35% of the women eligible to women eligible to vote – did vote.vote – did vote.

By 1928 145 women By 1928 145 women in state legislatures.in state legislatures. Jeanette Rankin – first Jeanette Rankin – first

woman woman congresswoman.congresswoman.

From MontanaFrom Montana

TRIVIA:TRIVIA:

In Nebraska the first In Nebraska the first woman in the woman in the legislature was legislature was NELL KRAUSE NELL KRAUSE (1946)(1946)

First woman mayor First woman mayor was Mrs. Arabelle was Mrs. Arabelle Hanna of Superior Hanna of Superior (1956 –1964)(1956 –1964)

Americans on the MoveAmericans on the Move

Demographics: Demographics: Statistics that Statistics that

describe a describe a population.population.

RaceRace IncomeIncome

Americans on the moveAmericans on the move

1920: First time in 1920: First time in American history American history that there were that there were more people more people living in cities living in cities than on farms.than on farms.

Americans on the MoveAmericans on the Move

1920s: Farming 1920s: Farming was not was not profitable.profitable. 6 million farmers 6 million farmers

or their children or their children left the farms for left the farms for the cities.the cities.

People coming to the People coming to the citiescities

Realization that Realization that education was education was important.important. 1920: 2.2 million 1920: 2.2 million

had high school had high school diplomasdiplomas

1930:4.4 million1930:4.4 million Rural education Rural education

often ended at 8often ended at 8thth grade for farm grade for farm children.children.

Rural v. UrbanRural v. Urban

Rural Americans Rural Americans didn’t like the didn’t like the flappers and flappers and thought the cities thought the cities were dangerous were dangerous places.places.

Wanted to Wanted to preserve their preserve their “traditional” life.“traditional” life.

African Americans in the African Americans in the NorthNorth

Jim Crow laws in Jim Crow laws in the South limited the South limited life for African life for African Americans.Americans. Lack of educationLack of education Lack of housingLack of housing Lack of jobsLack of jobs LynchingLynching

African Americans Move African Americans Move NorthNorth

1865: 93% of African 1865: 93% of African Americans lived in Americans lived in the South.the South.

1930: 80%1930: 80% BUTBUT

Jobs weren’t much Jobs weren’t much better in the Northbetter in the North

Racial hatred in NorthRacial hatred in North Women often worked Women often worked

as low-paid as low-paid domestics.domestics.

Other MigrationsOther Migrations

1920s: Laws 1920s: Laws against immigrants against immigrants from:from: ChinaChina JapanJapan Eastern Europe Eastern Europe

(Poland, (Poland, Czechoslovakia, etc)Czechoslovakia, etc)

Southern Europe Southern Europe (Italy and Greece)(Italy and Greece)

Other MigrationsOther Migrations Immigrants from Immigrants from

Mexico to fill low pay Mexico to fill low pay jobs.jobs.

Most worked farms in Most worked farms in California and ranches California and ranches in Texas.in Texas.

migrants to cities migrants to cities developed BARRIOS – developed BARRIOS – Spanish speaking Spanish speaking neighborhoods.neighborhoods. LA: Mexican barrioLA: Mexican barrio NYC: Puerto Rican NYC: Puerto Rican

barriobarrio

Growth of SuburbsGrowth of Suburbs

Electric trolley Electric trolley cars and buses cars and buses got people from got people from jobs in the city to jobs in the city to suburbs quickly suburbs quickly and cheaply.and cheaply.

TRIVIATRIVIA

Lincoln’s bike Lincoln’s bike paths are the old paths are the old trolley car routes.trolley car routes. Notice walks up to Notice walks up to

houses from the houses from the path.path.

American HeroesAmerican Heroes

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh Lucky LindyLucky Lindy May 20, 1927: May 20, 1927:

First man to fly First man to fly non-stop New York non-stop New York to Paris.to Paris.

33 ½ hours33 ½ hours THE SPIRIT OF ST. THE SPIRIT OF ST.

LOUIS – planeLOUIS – plane Won $25,000Won $25,000

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh

1902-19741902-1974 Learned to fly in Learned to fly in

Lincoln, NE!Lincoln, NE! Was even more Was even more

respected for his respected for his modesty about modesty about his fame.his fame.

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh

Made other flights Made other flights surveying and surveying and advising airlines. advising airlines.

Tragedy in his life.Tragedy in his life. Kidnapping and Kidnapping and

murder of his murder of his firstborn son.firstborn son.

Seen as being pro-Seen as being pro-Hitler when WWII Hitler when WWII began. began.

Amelia EarhartAmelia Earhart

1928 – first woman 1928 – first woman to cross the Atlantic to cross the Atlantic in a plane.in a plane.

1932 – first woman 1932 – first woman to fly solo across to fly solo across the Atlantic.the Atlantic.

First to fly from First to fly from Hawaii to California.Hawaii to California.

Amelia EarhartAmelia Earhart

1937 – was on a 1937 – was on a journey to be the journey to be the first to first to circumnavigate circumnavigate the world in a the world in a plane.plane.

Disappeared over Disappeared over the Pacific.the Pacific. MysteryMystery

SPORTS HEROES OF THE SPORTS HEROES OF THE 1920s1920s

Radio, newsreels, Radio, newsreels, and more sports and more sports reporting made reporting made sports BIG sports BIG business.business.

Jack Dempsey Jack Dempsey 1921 – world 1921 – world heavyweight heavyweight champion boxer.champion boxer.

Sports Heroes of the Sports Heroes of the 1920s1920s

Jim ThorpeJim Thorpe Won gold medals Won gold medals

in the Olympics in in the Olympics in the decathlon and the decathlon and the pentathlon.the pentathlon.

Played professional Played professional baseballbaseball

Played professional Played professional footballfootball

First president of First president of the NFLthe NFL

The Sultan of SwatThe Sultan of Swat

George Herman George Herman “Babe” Ruth“Babe” Ruth

Between playing Between playing for the Yanks and for the Yanks and the Sox – 714 the Sox – 714 homeruns.homeruns.

Unbroken record Unbroken record for 40 years. for 40 years.

Women AthletesWomen Athletes

Gertrude Ederle – Gertrude Ederle – Olympic swimmer Olympic swimmer 1924.1924.

First woman to First woman to swim the 35 miles swim the 35 miles of the English of the English ChannelChannel Beat the men’s Beat the men’s

record by 2 hours.record by 2 hours.

Women AthletesWomen Athletes

Hazel WightmanHazel Wightman Helen WillsHelen Wills

Olympic and Olympic and Wimbledon tennis Wimbledon tennis stars.stars.

Amateur AthleticsAmateur Athletics

1920s more 1920s more people were people were playing sports.playing sports. Better Better

transportationtransportation More leisure timeMore leisure time Golf, tennis, Golf, tennis,

swimmingswimming

Can you answer?Can you answer?

How did the flapper symbolize How did the flapper symbolize change for women in the 1920s?change for women in the 1920s?

What conditions brought about the What conditions brought about the demographic shifts of the 1920s?demographic shifts of the 1920s?

How did a barrio develop in Los How did a barrio develop in Los Angeles in the 1920s?Angeles in the 1920s?

Mass Media and the Jazz Mass Media and the Jazz AgeAge

The founding of The founding of HollywoodHollywood Drew film makers to Drew film makers to

the area in 1900.the area in 1900. Variety of landscapes Variety of landscapes

(mountains, desert, (mountains, desert, ocean)ocean)

Warm climateWarm climate Lighting was betterLighting was better Large work force from Large work force from

LA.LA.

Mass Media in the Jazz AgeMass Media in the Jazz Age

UNTIL 1920s the UNTIL 1920s the US had been a US had been a collection of collection of regional cultures.regional cultures. Accents differedAccents differed Customs differedCustoms differed Entertainment Entertainment

differeddiffered

Mass Media and the Jazz Mass Media and the Jazz AgeAge

Films, national Films, national newspapers and newspapers and radio created the radio created the “national” culture “national” culture of the country. of the country. Do you hear as Do you hear as

many accents many accents anymore? anymore?

MoviesMovies

1910 – 5,000 1910 – 5,000 theaters in the theaters in the country.country.

1930 – 22,500 1930 – 22,500 theaterstheaters

1929 – 125 million 1929 – 125 million Americans.Americans. 80 million movie 80 million movie

tickets were sold tickets were sold every week.every week.

MoviesMovies

Until 1927 movies Until 1927 movies were silent.were silent.

The first sound The first sound film THE JAZZ film THE JAZZ SINGER – 1927SINGER – 1927 Al JolsonAl Jolson Going to the Going to the

“talkies” was a “talkies” was a popular pastime.popular pastime.

Stars of the 1920sStars of the 1920s

Greta GarboGreta Garbo Swedish starSwedish star ““I want to be I want to be

alone.”alone.”


Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin The Tramp moviesThe Tramp movies


Clara Bow – the Clara Bow – the first “It” girlfirst “It” girl


Lillian Gish Lillian Gish Delicate heroineDelicate heroine


Harold LloydHarold Lloyd Physical comedianPhysical comedian

Newspapers and Newspapers and MagazinesMagazines

Golden Age of Golden Age of newspapers.newspapers.

EVERY town had a EVERY town had a newspaper.newspaper.

The rise of The rise of newspaper chains.newspaper chains. Some owners had Some owners had

monopolies on the monopolies on the news in their news in their states.states.

NewspapersNewspapers Tabloids – more on Tabloids – more on

entertainment, entertainment, fashion, sports and fashion, sports and sensational stories.sensational stories.

The New York DAILY The New York DAILY MIRRORMIRROR ““90% entertainment, 90% entertainment,

10% information – 10% information – and the information and the information without boring you.”without boring you.”

NewspapersNewspapers

More Americans More Americans began to share the began to share the same information, same information, read the same read the same events, and events, and encounter the encounter the same ideas and same ideas and fashions.fashions.

Created a common Created a common culture.culture.

RadioRadio 1920 Westinghouse 1920 Westinghouse

Electric engineer Electric engineer Frank Conrad put a Frank Conrad put a transmitter in his transmitter in his garage in garage in Pittsburgh. Read Pittsburgh. Read news, played news, played music.music.

KDKA – the FIRST KDKA – the FIRST American radio American radio station.station.

RadioRadio

By 1922 500 radio By 1922 500 radio stations across stations across the country.the country.

National National Broadcasting Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) Corporation (NBC) offered radio offered radio stations stations programming.programming.


The radio The radio audience and the audience and the African American African American migration to the migration to the cities made jazz cities made jazz popular. popular. Improvisation of Improvisation of

musicmusic Syncopation – Syncopation –

offbeat rhythm.offbeat rhythm.


Young people Young people were NUTS about were NUTS about jazz.jazz.

1929 – 60% of 1929 – 60% of radio air time was radio air time was playing jazz.playing jazz.

Heroes of JazzHeroes of Jazz

Louis Armstrong Louis Armstrong (1901 – 1974)(1901 – 1974)

““Satchmo” and Satchmo” and “The Gift”“The Gift”

New Orleans to New Orleans to Chicago to the Chicago to the world.world.

Trumpet and Trumpet and singing “scat”singing “scat”

Jazz HeroesJazz Heroes

““Duke” EllingtonDuke” Ellington 17 years old – 17 years old –

played jazz in clubs played jazz in clubs in Washington DC in Washington DC at night and at night and painted signs in the painted signs in the day. day.

Wrote thousands of Wrote thousands of songs and had his songs and had his own band.own band.

Jazz Clubs and Dance HallsJazz Clubs and Dance Halls

To hear the “real” To hear the “real” jazz – NYC and jazz – NYC and the neighborhood the neighborhood of Harlem.of Harlem. 500 jazz clubs500 jazz clubs Cotton Club the Cotton Club the

most famousmost famous BUTBUT

Most white Most white Americans did not Americans did not want to hear jazz.want to hear jazz.

Jazz ClubsJazz Clubs

Artie Shaw – First Artie Shaw – First to use black to use black musicians for musicians for white audiences.white audiences.

Benny Goodman – Benny Goodman – First to take jazz to First to take jazz to white America.white America. SWINGSWING First racial mixed First racial mixed

band.band.

Jazz Influences on ArtJazz Influences on Art

Artists were Artists were showing the showing the rougher side of rougher side of life.life. Edward HopperEdward Hopper

ArtArt

Georgia O’Keefe Georgia O’Keefe turned to natural turned to natural objects – flowers, objects – flowers, bones, bones, landscapes.landscapes.

Literature in the 1920sLiterature in the 1920s

Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair Attacked American Attacked American

society.society. THE JUNGLE, ELMER THE JUNGLE, ELMER

GANTRY, MAIN GANTRY, MAIN STREETSTREET

Eugene O’NeillEugene O’Neill Dark tragedies of Dark tragedies of

everyday American everyday American life.life.

A LONG DAY’S A LONG DAY’S JOURNEY INTO NIGHTJOURNEY INTO NIGHT

Literature in the 1920s: Literature in the 1920s: The Lost GenerationThe Lost Generation

Many writers, Many writers, artists, and artists, and musicians went to musicians went to Europe and most Europe and most ended up in Parisended up in Paris Cheap livingCheap living Racial toleranceRacial tolerance Intellectual Intellectual

tolerancetolerance

The Lost GenerationThe Lost Generation

F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald Wife ZeldaWife Zelda THE GREAT GATSBYTHE GREAT GATSBY THE SUN ALSO THE SUN ALSO

RISESRISES Showed the people Showed the people

of the jazz age – of the jazz age – including their self-including their self-centered and centered and shallow ways.shallow ways.

The Lost GenerationThe Lost Generation

Edna St. Vincent Edna St. Vincent MillayMillay

““My candle burns My candle burns at both ends; It at both ends; It will not last the will not last the night; But ah, my night; But ah, my foes, and oh, my foes, and oh, my friends – It gives a friends – It gives a lovely light.”lovely light.”

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

1914: 50,000 1914: 50,000 African Americans African Americans in Harlem.in Harlem.

1930: 200,0001930: 200,000 Nora Neale Nora Neale

HurstonHurston THEIR EYES WERE THEIR EYES WERE

WATCHING GOD.WATCHING GOD.

Harlem Renaissance: Harlem Renaissance: Langston HughesLangston Hughes

Poet, short story Poet, short story writer, journalist writer, journalist and playwright.and playwright.

Joys and difficulties Joys and difficulties of being human, of being human, American and American and being black.being black.

See page 465 for a See page 465 for a sample of his work.sample of his work.

Flapper SlangFlapper Slang

See page 464 for See page 464 for the vocabulary of the vocabulary of the flapper. the flapper. (HINT, HINT)(HINT, HINT)

Questions to ponder:Questions to ponder:

How did the mass media help create How did the mass media help create common cultural experiences?common cultural experiences?

Why are the 1920s called the Jazz Age and Why are the 1920s called the Jazz Age and how did the jazz spirit affect the arts?how did the jazz spirit affect the arts?

How did the writers of the Lost Generation How did the writers of the Lost Generation respond to the popular culture?respond to the popular culture?

What subjects did the Harlem Renaissance What subjects did the Harlem Renaissance writers explore?writers explore?

Cultural Conflicts in the Cultural Conflicts in the 1920s1920s

PROHIBITIONPROHIBITION The 18The 18thth

Amendment to the Amendment to the ConstitutionConstitution

Made Made manufacturing of manufacturing of alcohol illegal.alcohol illegal.

Most people chose Most people chose to ignore it.to ignore it.

See page 467See page 467

Goals of ProhibitionGoals of Prohibition

Eliminate Eliminate drunkennessdrunkenness Causing abuse of Causing abuse of

family family Get rid of saloonsGet rid of saloons

Prostitution, gambling Prostitution, gambling densdens

Prevent absenteeism Prevent absenteeism and on-the-job and on-the-job accidents stemming accidents stemming from drunkennessfrom drunkenness

How Effective was How Effective was Prohibition?Prohibition?

They drank in the They drank in the White HouseWhite House

1924 – Kansas had 1924 – Kansas had 95% of people obeying 95% of people obeying the law not to drink.the law not to drink.

Only 5% of New Only 5% of New Yorkers obeyed the Yorkers obeyed the law.law. Contrast between rural Contrast between rural

and urban moral values.and urban moral values.

BootleggingBootlegging

Those that would Those that would manufacture, sell manufacture, sell and transport and transport liquor, beer, and liquor, beer, and wine. wine.

BootleggersBootleggers

Started from Started from drinkers who hid drinkers who hid flasks in the leg of flasks in the leg of their boots.their boots.

BootleggersBootleggers

Stills to make Stills to make alcoholalcohol Corn: grain Corn: grain

alcohol (VERY alcohol (VERY alcoholic) and alcoholic) and some whiskeysome whiskey

Potatoes: vodkaPotatoes: vodka Rye Grain: gin and Rye Grain: gin and

whiskeywhiskey Bathtub ginBathtub gin

BootleggersBootleggers Canadians were Canadians were

making whiskey.making whiskey. Caribbean was Caribbean was

making rum.making rum. Smugglers took ships Smugglers took ships

out to sea, met speed out to sea, met speed boats who outran the boats who outran the Coast Guard to Coast Guard to harbors where they harbors where they transported the transported the alcohol to alcohol to warehouses.warehouses.

SpeakeasiesSpeakeasies Bars that operated Bars that operated

illegally. illegally. To get into a To get into a

speakeasy – you speakeasy – you needed a password needed a password or be recognized or be recognized by a guard.by a guard.

Sometimes hidden Sometimes hidden behind legit behind legit businesses.businesses.

SpeakeasiesSpeakeasies

Before Prohibition Before Prohibition the whole state of the whole state of Massachusetts Massachusetts had 1,000 saloons.had 1,000 saloons.

AFTER Prohibition AFTER Prohibition Boston alone had Boston alone had 4,000 speakeasies 4,000 speakeasies and 15,000 and 15,000 bootleggers.bootleggers.

Organized CrimeOrganized Crime

Early in Early in Prohibition – there Prohibition – there was competition was competition between gangs to between gangs to supply liquor to supply liquor to speakeasies.speakeasies.


Territories Territories expanded and expanded and gang warfare gang warfare erupted over turf erupted over turf and control of the and control of the liquor.liquor. Tommy Guns Tommy Guns Sawed off shotgunsSawed off shotguns Murder on the Murder on the

streetsstreets


Expanded into Expanded into other crimesother crimes GamblingGambling ProstitutionProstitution Murder Murder

IncorporatedIncorporated

Organized CrimeOrganized Crime RacketeeringRacketeering Bribe police and Bribe police and

other government other government officials to ignore officials to ignore what they are what they are doing.doing.

Gangsters forced Gangsters forced businesses to pay businesses to pay a fee for a fee for “protection”“protection” If you didn’t pay …If you didn’t pay …


157 bombs in 157 bombs in 1928 Chicago!1928 Chicago!

Al CaponeAl Capone

The most famous The most famous and brutal and brutal gangsters were in gangsters were in Chicago.Chicago.

Racketeering was Racketeering was EVERYWHEREEVERYWHERE Chicago and his Chicago and his

suburb of Cicerosuburb of Cicero

Alfonse “Scarface” CaponeAlfonse “Scarface” Capone

1899-19471899-1947 Born in NYC to Born in NYC to

Sicilian Sicilian immigrants.immigrants.

Dropped out of Dropped out of school at 14.school at 14.

Nasty fighter Nasty fighter reputation.reputation.

Moved to Chicago Moved to Chicago in 1919.in 1919.

Al CaponeAl Capone

200 murders are 200 murders are directly tied to directly tied to Capone.Capone.

St. Valentine’s St. Valentine’s Day Massacre Day Massacre was also his work.was also his work.

With Prohibition, With Prohibition, he made he made $100,000,000.$100,000,000.

Al CaponeAl Capone

Al CaponeAl Capone

For all his murders For all his murders and assaults, he and assaults, he was eventually was eventually imprisoned for not imprisoned for not paying taxes.paying taxes.

Ended up at Ended up at Alcatraz Prison.Alcatraz Prison.

Released early and Released early and died of syphilisdied of syphilis

Matters of ReligionMatters of Religion

Rural “Values” v. Rural “Values” v. City “Values”City “Values”

The rise of The rise of fundamentalismfundamentalism Concerns about Concerns about

science and science and technology were technology were playing in lifeplaying in life

FundamentalismFundamentalism

War and War and widespread widespread problems of problems of modern society modern society caused people to caused people to question if God question if God existed.existed.

Some scholars said Some scholars said the Bible was a the Bible was a work of fiction.work of fiction.


Fundamentalism Fundamentalism said God inspired said God inspired the Bible so it the Bible so it cannot contain cannot contain contradictions or contradictions or errors. It was errors. It was literal truth.literal truth.


Gained Gained tremendous tremendous attention in the attention in the 1920s.1920s. Billy SundayBilly Sunday Aimee Semple Aimee Semple

McPherson “Sister McPherson “Sister Aimee”Aimee”

William Jennings William Jennings BryanBryan

Evolution and the Scopes Evolution and the Scopes Monkey TrialMonkey Trial

Fundamentalists in Fundamentalists in Tennessee passed a Tennessee passed a law saying that law saying that evolutionary theory evolutionary theory could not be taught in could not be taught in schools. schools. 1925, high school 1925, high school

biology teacher, John biology teacher, John Scopes taught his Scopes taught his students about Charles students about Charles Darwin.Darwin.

Was arrested that day.Was arrested that day.

The Scopes Monkey TrialThe Scopes Monkey Trial

Drama between Drama between two of the best two of the best lawyers in the lawyers in the nationnation Clarence DarrowClarence Darrow William Jennings William Jennings

BryanBryan Mass media allowed Mass media allowed

2 million people to 2 million people to listen to the trial.listen to the trial.

The Scopes Monkey TrialThe Scopes Monkey Trial

Dramatic moment Dramatic moment and never done and never done since.since.

Darrow put Bryan Darrow put Bryan on the stand to on the stand to testify as an testify as an expert on the expert on the Bible.Bible. Showed flaws in Showed flaws in

some of his logicsome of his logic

The Scopes Monkey TrialThe Scopes Monkey Trial Darrow lost the Darrow lost the

case but won the case but won the point with the point with the public. public.

Darrow a defender Darrow a defender of science and of science and reasonreason

Bryan was a martyr Bryan was a martyr for the causefor the cause Died days after the Died days after the

trial ended.trial ended.

Racial Tensions: Violence Racial Tensions: Violence Against African AmericansAgainst African Americans

1919: Red 1919: Red SummerSummer Race riots Race riots

between white between white and black in and black in Omaha, Tulsa, Omaha, Tulsa, Washington DC Washington DC and Chicago.and Chicago.

1919 Race Riot in Omaha1919 Race Riot in Omaha

"Pretty little Agnes "Pretty little Agnes Loebeck ... was Loebeck ... was assaulted ... by an assaulted ... by an unidentified negro unidentified negro at twelve O'clock at twelve O'clock last night, while last night, while she was returning she was returning to her home in to her home in company with company with Millard [sic] Millard [sic] Hoffman Hoffman

1919 Race Riot1919 Race Riot That evening, the That evening, the

police took a suspect to police took a suspect to the Loebeck home. the Loebeck home. Agnes and her Agnes and her boyfriend Milton boyfriend Milton Hoffman (they were Hoffman (they were later married) later married) identified a black identified a black packinghouse worker packinghouse worker named Will Brown as named Will Brown as the assailant. Brown the assailant. Brown was 41 years old and was 41 years old and suffered from acute suffered from acute rheumatismrheumatism

1919 Race Riot of Omaha1919 Race Riot of Omaha

Racial Tensions: OmahaRacial Tensions: Omaha

September 29, September 29, 19191919

Racial TensionsRacial Tensions

Many in the North Many in the North joined the Ku Klux joined the Ku Klux Klan.Klan.

Lynchings Lynchings happened in the happened in the North.North.

Revival of the KlanRevival of the Klan See page 472 for the See page 472 for the

description of why men description of why men should join the Klan.should join the Klan.

1924 4 million 1924 4 million membersmembers

Most Kan memberships Most Kan memberships came from Indianacame from Indiana

Prejudice against non-Prejudice against non-whites, non- Christian, whites, non- Christian, non-Protestants, Jews, non-Protestants, Jews, immigrants, etc.immigrants, etc. Didn’t leave many Didn’t leave many

people to like!people to like!

Fighting DiscriminationFighting Discrimination

NAACP (National NAACP (National Association for the Association for the Advancement of Advancement of Colored People)Colored People) Worked to end Worked to end

lynching.lynching. No national laws – No national laws –

but did get a but did get a number of states to number of states to comply.comply.

1929 – 10 lynchings 1929 – 10 lynchings in the countryin the country

Fighting DiscriminationFighting Discrimination

NAACP:NAACP: Worked to get Worked to get

better voting better voting rights for African rights for African AmericansAmericans

NOT much successNOT much success

The Garvey MovementThe Garvey Movement

Some African Some African Americans Americans frustrated by frustrated by violence and violence and discrimination discrimination dreamed of a new dreamed of a new homeland.homeland.

The Marcus Garvey The Marcus Garvey MovementMovement

Banks and business Banks and business investment for just investment for just African Americans.African Americans.

Urged a return to Urged a return to “Motherland Africa” “Motherland Africa” to create a new to create a new country. country.

Started “Black Pride” Started “Black Pride” from prison and after from prison and after he was deported to he was deported to Jamaica.Jamaica.

W.E.B. DuboisW.E.B. Dubois

Didn’t think the Didn’t think the answer was answer was separation of the separation of the races. races.

Also didn’t Also didn’t approve of approve of Garvey’s business Garvey’s business practices.practices.

the jazz age society in the 1920s mass media in the jazz age cultural conflicts

Documents

north women

trained women

women eligible

montana slide

public slide

african americans

flapper hair

convenience convenience