The Jefferson Era

Chapter 10 PowerPoint

Presentation

by Mr. Snodgrass

Election of 1800

• Democratic Republicans (Jefferson’s Party) defeat the Federalists (Adams’)

• Backlash against Federalists and the Alien and Sedition Acts.

• Hamilton (F) tried to get Pinkney (F) in above Adams (F)

• Dem - Rep goof leaves Jefferson at a tie with his party’s Vice Presidential candidate, Burr.

Election Results (1800)

Historycentral.com

When there is no clear winner?

• House of Representatives chooses the next president from among the top 3 candidates.

• Jefferson, Burr and Adams.

• After 36 ballots in the congress, Jefferson wins, Burr is VP (and angry)

Jefferson’s Talents

• Renaissance Man

• Inventor, Scientist, Architect.

• Designer and lead builder of his home, Monticello

http://www.monticello.org/gallery

Jefferson’s Political Philosophy:

America should remain an agrarian society. As simple farmers we will share common experience, values and beliefs.

Abundant land will prevent the urbanization of America. We do not need big cities like Europe has.

Jefferson designed this moldboard “plow of least resistance”

Jefferson Did

• Allow the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire.• Reduce the number of federal employees.• Reduce the size of the military. (or not)• Reduce the National debt through sales of public

land.

• Jefferson did not:

• Have much power to resist the Federalist judges.

• Complain when his Secretary of State (Madison) won his case vs. Marbury in the Supreme Court.

• Like John Marshall’s claim of the power of Judicial Review.

Louisiana Purchase

• Napoleon had gained back Louisiana for France from Spain.

• Napoleon was a crusader against Monarchy.• Slaves on Haiti had rebelled.• Toussaint L’Overture was their leader.

• How could France regain control?

Explorers of the West

• Lewis and Clark: Explored the Missouri River and the Columbia River.

• Zebulon Pike explored the Southwest and the upper Mississippi

• Clark provided accurate Maps

• Contacts helped the fur trade grow.

• Pike’s view of plains as “Desert” limits interest among americans for years.

Jefferson’s Foreign Policy

• Problems:• Americans relied

heavily on overseas trade.

• Pirates of the Barbary Coast were attacking American ships.

• Impressment by England and France was still a major problem.

• Solutions?• U. S. Navy and Marines

are sent to attack Tripoli.• US defeats the pirates.• Jefferson puts forward the

Embargo Act of 1807. Us refuses to trade with nations at war.

• This hurts American interests and angers many Americans.

Madison’s Challenges

• Tecumseh, leader of Native Resistance.

• Tecumseh tries to unite all Natives against the USA.

• British offer help to Natives who resist.

• Impressment continues

• England is still stealing cargoes from American ships.

• War Hawks: (western leaders who demand war) push for a declaration of war vs. England and get it in 1812.

War of

1812

• Phase 1:• British blockade the US coast.• Perry defeats the British on

Lake Erie. “I have seen the enemy, and they are ours!”

• US invades Canada and burns public buildings in the capital York (Toronto)

• England is busy fighting Napoleon in Europe.

War of 1812:

The Second

Act

• Britain and its allies have defeated Napoleon (Oh! Waterloo!)

• British arrive in force to attack and burn Washington D. C.

• Baltimore escapes this fate.• Fort McHenry resists

assault -> Star Spangled Banner penned by Francis Scott Key.

• Jackson wins a victory in the Battle of New Orleans.

Long Term Results (Legacy) of the war.

• Americans are more united than ever.

• (Identify as Americans instead of as separate states.)

• Americans are more patriotic.

• More nationalism in the USA.

• Native Americans can offer less resistance.

• US factories replace British factories because trade is cut off.