The Jim Crow EraCatherine Eatherton

Who was Jim Crow?NOT a personA symbol that

represented the stereotypical African-American male

Created in song in 1836

Things started to be named after the “Jim Crow” character(“the Rise and Fall of Jim Crow”)

(Davis)(http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h489.html)

What was the Jim Crow Era?Overall, it was the

time period when slavery was abolished and replaced with laws restricting African-Americans from their rights

(Davis)(http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Jim_Crow_laws)

What was the Jim Crow Era? “More than 400 state laws, constitutional

amendments, and city ordinances legalizing segregation and discrimination were passed in the United States between 1865 and 1967”

(Falck) (http://kc-johnson.com/class-2009/from-brown-to-birmingham/)

“governed nearly every aspect of daily life”

Beginning of the Jim Crow Era After the Civil War, efforts were made

to protect the rights of blacks: “Congressional Reconstruction” 1866-1876 Black Codes Civil Rights Acts of 1866 and 1875 Enforcements Acts of the 1870’s

Each of these laws were passed in an attempt to control white oppression

(Davis)

Miscegenation LawsOutlawed interracial marriagesGoal being to keep the white race

“pure”Any intermixing was considered to

be damaging to the survival chances of the white race

Those who broke this law were severely punished

(Falck)(Davis)

Voting RegulationsProhibited illiterate people from

voting Illiteracy tests were given before

votingTaxes were placed on pollsThese restrictions were targeted at

blacks

(http://www.eastcountymagazine.org/node/4510)

(Davis)

Resisting the Jim Crow lawsDebate about which

strategy would be best for resisting the violence and getting their rights back

W.E.B. DuBoisBooker T.

Washington(http://www.nps.gov/hafe/historyculture/w-e-b-dubois.htm)

(Davis)

Resisting the Jim Crow laws Ida B. Wells-BarnettWalter WhiteCharles Hamilton HoustonWilliam Monroe TrotterNational Urban LeagueNational Negro CongressLeague of Struggle for

Negro Rights (communist group)

Southern Tenant Farmer’s Union

(Davis) (http://www.genderacrossborders.com/2010/10/01/ida-b-wells-activism/)

The United States Supreme CourtBrown v. the Topeka Board of

Education Case opened in 1954Goal was to outlaw segregation in

schoolsSuccessful- the Court ruled that the

“separate but equal” law was unconstitutional and schools were integrated

Started a massive Civil Rights Movement

(Davis)

The End of Jim Crow

By the 1920’s, legal organizations were winning legal battles and making progress towards getting rights

“The number of southern, African Americans registered to vote rose from 150,000 in 1940 to more than a million by 1952.”

“Second Reconstruction”Civil Rights Act of 1965… end of

legal segregation

Works CitedDavis, Ronald L.F.”Creating Jim Crow.” From Terror to Triumph: Historical

Overview. Print.

Davis, Ronald L.F. “Surviving Jim Crow.” From Terror to Triumph: Historical Overview. Print.

Falck, Susan. Jim Crow Legislation Overview. Rep. Print.

“the Rise and Fall of Jim Crow.” Online posting. Youtube, 13 October 2009. Web. 4 April 2011.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h489.html

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Jim_Crow_laws

http://kc-johnson.com/class-2009/from-brown-to-birmingham

http://www.eastcountymagazine.org/node/4510

http://www.nps.gov/hafe/historyculture/w-e-b-dubois.htm

http://www.genderacrossborders.com/2010/10/01/ida-b-wells-activism/