The Journal of

Experimental Biology

The Journal of

Experimental BiologyEDITED BY

V. B. WIGGLESWORTH and J. A. RAMSAY

VOLUME XXXVIII

CAMBRIDGEAT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

1961

PUBLISHED BYTHE SYNDICS OF THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Bentley House, 200 Euston Road, London, N.W. 1American Branch: 32 East 57th Street, New York 22, N.Y.

Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge(Brooke Crutchley, University Printer)

CONTENTSNo. i. MARCH 1961

PAGE

SHAW, J. and SUTCLIFFE, D. W. Studies on sodium balance in Gammarus duebeniLilljeborg and G. pulex pulex (L.) i

JOSEPHSON, ROBERT K. The response of a hydroid to weak water-borne distur-bances 17

RAO, KANDULA PAMPAPATHI and RAMACHANDRA, R. Effect of acclimatization tohigh temperature on the blood chloride, free amino acids and osmotic pressurein the freshwater field crab Paratelphusa sp. and the freshwater musselLamellidens margmalis . 29

PADMANABHANAIDU, B. and RAMAMURTHY, R. The influence of sex and size on theosmotic pressure, the chloride and the free amino acids of the blood of thefreshwater field crab, Paratelphusa sp. and the freshwater mussel Lamellidensmargmalis 35

YOUNG, J. Z. Rates of establishment of representations in the memory of octopuseswith and without vertical lobes . . . . . . . . . 43

EDWARDS, JOHN S. The action and composition of the saliva of an assassin bugPlatymeris rhadamanthus Gaerst. (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). (With Plate 1) . 61

SHELTON, G. The respiratory centre in the tench (Tinea tinea L.). II. Respiratoryneuronal activity in the medulla oblongata 79

ANTHONY, E. H. The oxygen capacity of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) blood in

relation to thermal environment 93

ANTHONY, E. H. Survival of goldfish in presence of carbon monoxide . . 109

WELLS, M. J. Weight discrimination by Octopus 127

SHAW, J. Studies on ionic regulation in Carcinus maenas (L.). I. Sodium balance 135

SHAW, J. Sodium balance in Eriocheir sinensis (M. Edw.). The adaptation of theCrustacea to fresh water 153

COCKBAIN, A. J. Fuel utilization and duration of tethered flight in Aphis fabaeScop. (With Plates 1 and 2) . 163

COCKBAIN, A. J. Water relationships of Aphis fabae Scop, during tethered flight. 175

COCKBAIN, A. J. Viability and fecundity of alate alienicolae of Aphis fabae Scop.

after flights to exhaustion 181

CHARLES, G. H. The orientation of Littorina species to polarized light . . 189

CHARLES, G. H. The mechanism of orientation of freely moving Ldttorina littoralis(L.) to polarized light 203

CHARLES, G. H. Orientational movements of the foot of Littorina species inrelation to the plane of vibration of polarized light 213

vi Contents

PAGE

STRANGWAYS-DDCON, J. The relationship between nutrition, hormones andreproduction in the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala (Meig.). I. Selectivefeeding in relation to the reproductive cycle, the corpus alatum volume andfertilization 225

STRANGE, PRISCILLA H. The spectral sensitivity of Calliphora maggots . . 237

No. 2. J U N E 1961

MOHRI , H. and HORIUCHI, K. Studies on the respiration of sea-urchin sperma-

tozoa. I I I . Respiratory quotient . . . . . . . . . 249

DADD, R. H. Evidence for humoral regulation of digestive secretion in the beetle,

Tenebrio molitor 259

FISHER, R. C. A study in insect multiparasitism. I. Host selection and oviposition 267

BEAMENT, J. W. L. The waterproofing mechanism of arthropods. I I . The per-

meability of the cuticle of some aquatic insects . . . . . . 277

RTEGEL, J. A. The influence of water-loading and low temperature on certain

functional aspects of the crayfish antennal gland 291

NIELSEN, BODIL. On the regulation of the respiration in reptiles. I. The effect of

temperature and CO2 on the respiration of lizards (Lacerta) . . . 301

TREHERNE, J. E. Sodium and potassium fluxes in the abdominal nerve cord of thecockroach, Periplaneta americana L. . . . . . . . . 315

MACFADYEN, A. A new system for continuous respirometry of small air-breathing

invertebrates under near-natural conditions 323

ROBSON, ELAINE A. Some observations on the swimming behaviour of the

anemone Stomphia cocdnea. (With Plates 1 and 2) . . • - 3 4 3

OSBORNE, M.F.M. The hydrodynamical performance of migratory salmon . . 365

RICE, A. L. The responses of certain mysids to changes in hydrostatic pressure . 391

ALEXANDER, R. M C N . The physical properties of the swimbladders of some SouthAmerican Cypriniformes 403

PARRY, GWYNETH. Osmotic and ionic changes in blood and muscle of migrating

salmonids . 4 1 1

CRISP, D. J. Territorial behaviour in barnacle settlement. (With Plate 1) . . 429

LLOYD, R. Effect of dissolved oxygen concentrations on the toxicity of severalpoisons to rainbow trout (Sakno gairdnerii Richardson) . . . . 447

ROWELL, C. H. FRASER. The structure and function of the prothoracic spine of

the desert locust, SMstocerca gregaria Forskil. (With Plate 1) . . . 457

WILSON, DONALD M. The central nervous control of flight in a locust . . 471

RIEGEL, J. A. and LOCKWOOD, A. P. M. The role of the antennal gland in theosmotic and ionic regulation of Carcinus maenas . . . . . . 4 9 1

Contents vii

No. 3. SEPTEMBER 1961J PAGE

SUTCLIFFE, D. W. Studies on salt and water balance in caddis larvae (Trichoptera).I. Osmotic and ionic regulation of body fluids in Limnephilus affims Curtis . 501

SUTCLIFFE, D. W. Studies on salt and water balance in caddis larvae (Trichoptera).II. Osmotic and ionic regulation of body fluids in Limnephilus stigma Curtisand Anabolic nervosa Leach 521

SATCHELL, G. H. The response of the dogfish to anoxia 531

SUGA, NOBUO and KATSUKI, YASUJI. Central mechanism of hearing in insects . 545

JOSEPHSON, ROBERT K. Colonial responses of hydroid polyps . . . . 559

JOSEPHSON, ROBERT K. Repetitive potentials following brief electric stimuli in ahydroid 579

SWIFT, D. R. The annual growth-rate cycle in brown trout (Salmo trutta Linn.)

and its cause 595

FISHER, RODERICK C. A study in insect multiparasitism. I I . The mechanism and

control of competition for possession of the host. (With Plate 1 ) . . . 605

TREHERNE, J. E. The movements of sodium ions in the isolated abdominal nervec o r d o f t h e c o c k r o a c h , P e r i p l a n e t a a m e r i c a n a . . . . . . 6 2 9

STRANGWAYS-DIXON, J. The relationships between nutrition, hormones andreproduction in the blowfly CaUiphora erythrocephala (Meig.). II. The effectof removing the ovaries, the corpus allatum and the median neurosecretory .cells upon selective feeding, and the demonstration of the corpus allatumcycle , . . . 637

LOCKWOOD, A. P. M. The urine of Gammarus duebem and G. pukx . . . 647GORDON, MALCOLM S., SCHMIDT-NIELSEN, KNUT and KELLY, HAMILTON M.

Osmotic regulation in the crab-eating frog {Rana cancrivora) . . . 659CLARKE, JEAN M. and MAYNARD SMITH, J. Two phases of ageing in DrosophUa

subobscura 679ROBSON, ELAINE A. The swimming response and its pacemaker system in the

anemone Stomphia coccinea 685

No. 4. DECEMBER 1961

BALINSKY, J. B. and BALDWIN, E. The mode of excretion of ammonia and urea inXenopus laevis 695

ROBERTSON, JAMES D. Studies on the chemical composition of muscle tissue.

II. The abdominal flexor muscles of the lobster Nephrops norvegicus (L.) . 707TREHERNE, J. E. The efflux of sodium ions from the last abdominal ganglion of the

cockroach, Periplaneta americana L 729TREHERNE, J. E. The kinetics of sodium transfer in the central nervous system of

the cockroach, Periplaneta americana L 737ALEXANDER, R. M C N . Visco-elastic properties of the tunica externa of the swim-

bladder in Cyprinidae 747

viii Contents

PAGE

SUGA, NOBUO and KATSUKI, YASUJI. Pharmacological studies on the auditory

synapses in a grasshopper . . . . . . . . . . 759

CLEGG, JAMES S. and EVANS, DAVID R. The physiology of blood trehalose and its

function during flight in the blowfly 771

SANG, JAMES H. and KING, ROBERT C. Nutritional requirements of axenically

cultured Drosophila melanogaster adults. (With Plate 1) 793

WELLS, M. J. Centres for tactile and visual learning in the brain of octopus . 811

ROWELL, C. H. FRASER and WELLS, M. J. Retinal orientation and the discrimina-

tion of polarized light by octopuses . . . . . . . . 827

SHAFFER, B. M. The cells founding aggregation centres in the slime mould

PolysphondyUum violaceum. (With Plates 1, 2 and 3) 833

MORITA, H. and YAMASHITA, S. Receptor potentials recorded from sensilla

basiconica on the antenna of the silkworm larva, Bombyx mori . . . 8 5 1

INDEX 863

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