The JOURNEY Active Network Model

Maximilian Ott et al.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.19, no. 3, March 2001

Introduction

Processing at the terminal endProcessing at the server end

The goal is to provide processing as an additional network service.The request-response processing model is transferred to continuous transformations on the date streams.

JOURNEY Network Model

The transformation of a media unit (MU) is considered as a independent processing job.

A sequence of jobs pass through a JOURNEY node, which consists of multiple stages: Classification stage Admission stage Routing stage

Computation as a Network Service

Streams of MUs are injected into the network for routing and customizing.

An MU is independently processed anywhere along the path guided by routing.

A computing router utilize local condition of resource availability for deciding whether to process an MU.

Computation as a Network Service

Similar to IP networks, the best-effort processing collocates with error recovery at higher layers.

Customization information can be originated at any point of the stream path, such as a client node or a resource manager.Specific path routing is required for dealing with fragmentation of MUs. (MPLS, IP source routing)

Computing Router Architecture

The cluster-based active router architecture (CLARA) Routing element Computing element(s) System area network (SAN) Cluster manager

CLARA Architecture

CLARA Functional Overview

Ingress

Engine

Dispatch Collect

Egress

Engine Engine

Admit

Router Programming Framework

The CLARA software framework is also designed to support: Accounting of the resource utilization of a

packet or stream;

Division and vending of portions of the computational resources available on a router;

Dynamic addition of customization functionality Functionality repositories

Active Media Packet Format

Packet Programming Interface

Admission Control for Soft-QoS Guarantees

Unprocessed packet rate (UPR)Packet Admission Control (PAC)

:observed delay for a packet:estimator function:current processing backlog

:upper bound processing:packet’s delay budget

Cascade Transformations with Multiple Nodes

The performance goal of the active network is to bring the UPR of flows below some acceptable value.

Scenic Routing

Experience and EvaluationMedia gateway

Dropping frames, removing color, stronger uniform compression

Meta-information MPEG4, MPEG7

The trend toward thin and mobile clientsThe scalability problem at the gateway

MPEG Transcoding Service

Performance Measurements

Analysis

The larger the input/output bit-rate ratio, the less time it takes to transcode. Frame drop and/or spatial resolution adjustmen

ts DCT requantization

The total store-processing forward-service is double the processing time. User-space routing engine IP over Myrinet

Scalability in JOURNEY

Manageability Self-configuration and self-healing

AvailabilityPerformance Number of computing routers

Conclusions

The JOURNEY network model provides computation as a scalable network services.

The computation model trades off hard guarantees for computation in favor of architectural simplicity.

The CLARA architecture collocates computing and routing functionality.

Future Works

Studying the performance of the admission control and routing mechanisms at different traffic loads

Development of a management framework for the discovery and on-demand deployment of transcoding services

Development algorithms for admission control and load distribution within a CLARA computing router

Possible Directions

Handing computation from proxies into the network

Mobile computing, WAP

Improving efficiency of multicast routing with heterogeneous receivers

Pre-customization of data streams

Active flow and congestion control Re-transcoding and/or re-routing of data streams

Layered multimedia multicast tree