the kalina cycle® a major breakthrough in efficient heat to
TRANSCRIPT
THE KALINA CYCLE® A Major Breakthrough in Efficient Heat to
Power Generation
Presented by Sunil Macwan
CHP2013 & WHP2013 Conference and Trade Show
October 8, 2013
Recurrent Engineering LLC
• Wholly owned subsidiary of Wasabi Energy
• Listed on ASX and LSE
• Power Generation, water treatment and biofuels
• Power engineering and project development
• Wasabi – KCT Power – Recurrent Engineering
• Technology and Engineering division in Houston, Texas
1155 Dairy Ashford Rd, Suite 560, 77079
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The Kalina Cycle®
• Binary energy conversion cycle which uses an ammonia/water mixture as the working fluid
• Variable boiling mixture allows the working fluid
to efficiently match the characteristics of the resource
• 20 to 40 % thermal efficiency improvement over conventional waste heat power plants
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Kalina Power Cycle Technology
Uses and benefits of ammonia-water as working fluid • NH3 & H2O have similar molecular weights • Mixture is a new fluid with different properties • Excellent heat transfer coefficients • Fluid circulated is ≈ 1/3 – 1/2 of ORC plant • Ammonia-Water fluid will not freeze • Pressure stays above atmospheric
Ammonia is environmentally friendly
Higher thermal efficiencies
• Kalina is “family” of cycles, tailored for temperature profile
• Ability to optimize by changing working fluid composition - a new degree of freedom for power generation
Reduced thermodynamic irreversibilities is at heart of Kalina performance improvements
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Kalina Cycle Heat Acquisition Advantage
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Ammonia-Water Phase Diagram (Fish Diagram)
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
P = 300 psia (20.7 bar-a)
Ammonia-Water Solution, % Ammonia by Weight
°F °C
Saturated V apor
Saturate
Ld
iqudi
1
2
4
5 67
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50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0
40
80
100
220
200
180
160
140
120
60
240
0
20
3
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Process Technology, No New components
PROCESS, no technological or component improvements required for implementation
– Improved heat transfer process
– Improved recuperation
– Use of, and Reliance on, Proven Plant Components
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Components are well known
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Steam/Vapor Turbine and Generator
HRVG
Pump
Heat Exchanger
Separator
Air cooled condenser
Kalina Cycle® System 1-2 Flow Diagram
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Kalina Cycle Technology Performance Advantage
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Kalina Cycle® Systems for Low Temperature Applications
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Feed Pump
HE-1Condenser
HE-3HT Recuperator
Turbine
HE-4Evaporator
Cooling water / air in
GeothermalBrine in
HE-5Evaporator
HE-2LT Recuperator
Feed Pump
HE-1Condenser
HE-2Recuperator
Separator
Turbine
HE-3Evaporator
Cooling water / air in
GeothermalBrine in
Feed Pump
HE-1Condenser
HE-2LT Recuperator
HE-3HT Recuperator
Separator
Turbine
HE-4Evaporator
Cooling water / air in
GeothermalBrine in
KCS 34gKCS 34KCS 11
Kalina Cycle area of application
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What are the areas of applications?
Waste Heat Recovery in Industries
Gas compressor stations
Iron + Steel Industry
Cement Industry
Chemical Industry
Incineration Plants
Diesel Plants
Hot Brine Heat Recuperation
Geothermal Plants
High
Temp.
Low
Temp.
500°C
100°C
Steel Plant (Japan)
Waste Incineration (Japan)
Geothermal Plant (Iceland)
The Kalina Cycle Project Experience
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Canoga Park Demonstration Plant
Configuration : Combined Cycle
Operator : Boeing Rocketdyne
Construction site : California
Electrical output : 6.5 MW
Turbine throttle : 115 bara, 515 ºC
Commissioned June ‘92
Operational ‘92 - ‘97
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Sumitomo Metals, Tokyo Japan
Configuration : Waste Heat
Customer : Sumitomo
Construction site : Tokyo
Electrical output : 3.5 MW
Seawater cooling
Commissioned in July ‘99
Operational
Year-to-year reliabilities exceeding 95%
98°C Hot water heat source
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Fuji Oil, Chiba Japan
Configuration : Waste Heat
Customer : Fuji Oil
Construction site : Chiba, Japan
Electrical output : 4.0 MW
Heat Source : Condensing OH Vapors
at 116 °C
Commissioned October 2005
Operational
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DG KHAN WHR Plant, Pakistan
Configuration : Waste Heat
Customer : DG KHAN
Construction site : Khairpur, Pakistan
Electrical output : 8.6 MW
Heat Source : Gas and air from kiln
Commissioning
Operational in fall 2013
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Star Cement WHR Plant, Dubai
Configuration : Waste Heat
Customer : Star Cement
Construction site : Dubai
Electrical output : 4.75 MW
Heat Source : Hot air from kiln
Commissioning
Operational in Fall 2013
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Material and Equipment Design
• Carbon steel acceptable (no copper)
• Neoprene, Buna-N acceptable (no Viton)
• Standard steam turbine design
• Standard centrifugal pumps
• Shell & tube, or plate type exchangers
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Ammonia-Water Working Fluid
• Less hazardous and flammable than organic cycle working fluids
• Environmentally benign, one of the most common compounds found in nature
• Ammonia vents easily, and is self-alarming
• Ammonia is the 6th largest chemical produced in the U.S.
• Proven safety record in ammonia synthesis, power plants and refrigeration plants
• Higher efficiencies conserve fuel and water
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Safety aspects of Ammonia
• Common, widely used chemical
• Mature safety standards
• Little fire and explosion hazard
• Smell helps maintain tight plant
• Wide margin between level of smell & hazard
• Lighter than air (easy to vent off)
• Rendered harmless with water
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Environmental Aspects
of Ammonia & Kalina Cycle® Bio-degradable – considered part of nature
Does not contribute to: global warming (GWP)
smog
depletion of ozone layer (ODP)
Higher efficiency conserves: fossil fuels
water (for condenser)
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Global Warming Potential Values for Various Refrigerants
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Kalina Cycle Technology Summary
• Commercially available
• Underlying principals are simple and understood
• Effective, Efficient and Safe
• Utilized in Refrigeration for over 100 years
• Breakthroughs in:
Understanding of ammonia / water properties
Applying principals to power plant operations
Developing proprietary super efficient cycle designs
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Sunil Macwan Project Engineer
Recurrent Engineering LLC
281-558-0402 [email protected]
www.globalgeothermal.com
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