the khrushchev era. de-stalinization effects of “secret speech” could no longer hold political...
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
DE-STALINIZATION
Effects of “Secret Speech”
Could no longer hold political prisoners
Uproar in international communist community
Reverberations in Party
• “anti-party” group
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
DE-STALINIZATION
22nd Party Congress
Khrushchev broadened attack to include colleagues
Removal of Stalin’s body from mausoleum
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
CULTURAL “THAW”
Greater freedom of expression for artists & intellectuals
Some correction of historical falsification
Some opening of society
But retained censorship & control; socialist realism Ilya Ehrenburg, The Thaw
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
ECONOMIC POLICIES
Agricultural Reforms
Abolished “Machine Tractor Stations”
Tried to consolidate farms into large kolkhozes
Raised prices on food products, lowered taxes
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
ECONOMIC POLICIES
Agricultural Reforms
“Virgin Lands Program”
Emphasized growing of corn
Increased investment in fertilizer & machinery
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
ECONOMIC POLICIES
Industrial Reforms
Biggest problem = overcentralization
Eliminated central economic ministries
• replaced with SOVNARKHOZY
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
FOREIGN POLICY
Adopted policy of “PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE”
But continued expansion of Soviet influence
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
FOREIGN POLICY
Problems in Eastern Europe
De-Stalinization led to revolt in Poland & Hungary
Forced to build Berlin Wall to stop mass exodus to West
Soviet invasion of Hungary, 1956
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
FOREIGN POLICY
Problems with China
Mao wanted military aid against Taiwan
Also wanted nukes
Khrushchev refuses – led to Sino-Soviet split
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
FOREIGN POLICY
Problems over Cuba
1959: Fidel Castro stages communist take-over
1961: U.S. tried failed coup: Bay of Pigs
Khrushchev tries to put nukes in Cuba
Kennedy blockades Soviet ships, Khrushchev forced to back down
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THE KHRUSHCHEV ERA
DECLINE AND FALL
The Three “Cs”: Corn, China, Cuba
Denounced for “hair-brained schemes, half-baked conclusions, bragging & bluster”
Deposed Oct. 1964
But reforms set stage for Gorbachev & perestroika
5-story “Khrushchevka”