The Kingdoms of Life

Kingdom Monera• Bacteria and the cyanobacteria ("blue-green

algae"). • Single-celled organisms • Prokaryotic (no nucleus) – single chromosome – small ribosomes– reproduce by simple division – autotrophic can synthesize their own foods– heterotrophic digest preformed organic matter.

Monera sp.

• http://jpkc.njau.edu.cn/spwswx/cankao/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=314

Kingdom Protista• Protozoa, paramecium, the one-celled algae,

and the slime molds. • Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)• Unicellular– autotrophic or heterotrophic– nucleus and organelles in their cytoplasm – multiple chromosomes– large ribosomes– reproduce by mitosis (nucleus splits in two)

protista sp.

Kingdom Fungi• Yeasts, molds, mildews, mushrooms, and

other similar organisms• Eukaryotic and heterotrophic• Unicellular to long chains of cells called

filamentous fungi. • Cell wall contains chitin or cellulose• Absorbs small molecules of food from the

outside environment.

Fungi sp.

Kingdom Plantae• Autotrophic• Multi-cellular• Cell wall and cell membrane• Chloroplasts capture sunlight and

convert it to organic matter (photosynthesis)

Plant Sp.

Kingdom Animalia

• Heterotrophic•Multi-cellular• Nervous system• Tissues•Mobile

Animal Sp.

Now What?

• Organisms are grouped by characteristics–Kingdom Animalia•Vertebrates (animals w/ back bones)• Invertebrates (animals w/o backbones)

Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum: Chordates (This means the wolf had a notochord

that developed into its backbone.)

Class: Mammals (This means the wolf has hair, bears live young, and nurses them with mammary glands.)

Order: Carnivores (This means the wolf is a meat eater.)

Family: Canids (This means the wolf has nonretractable claws, a long muzzle, and separate toes.)

Genus: Canis (This means the wolf is a member of the dog family.)

Species: lupus (This refers to a particular type of wolf known as the European wolf.)

Binomial Nomenclature

• Developed by Carlos Linneaus• Identifies an individual species• Latin• First word is the Genus, always

capitalized and in italics• Second word is the species, always

lower case and in italics

Relatives

• Canis lupus European Wolf• Canis familiaris Common Dog

• Felis tigrina Tiger• Felis domesticus Common cat

Kings Play Cards On Friday, Generally Speaking.

• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species

Classification Quiz

• 1. A feature that distinguishes organisms from the Kingdom Monera is that their cells

• a. contain specialized organelles.• b. contain a nucleus.• c. contain chloroplasts.• d. lack a nucleus.

• 2. Which of the following statements is true about the binomial nomenclature system of classification?

• a. The genus and species names describe a specific organism.

• b. The category of Kingdom is very specific.• c. The category of species is very broad.• d. Three names are needed to correctly specify

a particular organism.

• 3. Which Kingdom contains organisms that have plant-like and animal-like characteristics?

• a. Animal Kingdom• b. Plant Kingdom• c. Fungi Kingdom• d. Moneran Kingdom

• 4. Which of the following answers has the different classification levels in the correct order from most general to most specific?

• a. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species

• b. Order, Family, Genus, species, Class, Phylum, Kingdom• c. species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom• d. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, species, Genus, Family, Order

• 5. Which of the following Kingdom's members are multicellular AND autotrophic?

• a. Fungi• b. Animal• c. Protist• d. Plant

• 6. Which of the following Kingdom's members are single celled with a nucleus AND either autotrophic or heterotrophic?

• a. Fungi• b. Animal• c. Protist• d. Plant

• 7. Which of the following Kingdom's members are multicellular, mobile, AND heterotrophic?

• a. Fungi• b. Animal• c. Protist• d. Plant

• 8. The term heterotrophic means-

– a. the ability to make your own food

–b. the organism must eat food to get energy

– c. the organism has both male and female

reproductive parts

–d. the organism lives in the tropics

• 9. The term autotrophic means-

– a. the ability to make your own food

–b. the organism must eat food to get energy

– c. the organism has both male and female

reproductive parts

–d. the organism lives in the tropics

• 10. Which of the following examples of

organisms are eukaryotic?

– a. rosemary, horse, jellyfish, mushroom

– b. paramecium, tree, bacteria, mold

– c. algae, e. coli, elephant, giraffe

– d. salmon, horse, tomato, bacteria