The

Land

scap

e of

Citi

zen

Obs

erva

torie

s ac

ross

the

EU

Mar

gare

t Gol

d, E

urop

ean

Citi

zen

Scie

nce

Asso

ciat

ion

(EC

SA)

Kul

lenb

erg

C, K

aspe

row

skiD

(201

6) W

hat I

s C

itize

n Sc

ienc

e? –

A Sc

ient

omet

ricM

eta-

Al

i

Gro

wth

of C

itize

n Sc

ienc

e pu

blic

atio

ns in

abs

olut

e nu

mbe

rs c

ompa

red

to W

eb o

f Sci

ence

tota

l

Prof

essi

onal

isat

ion

of

Citi

zen

Scie

nce

Citi

zen

Scie

nce

Plat

form

s &

Know

ledg

e Ex

chan

ge

Terre

stria

l bio

dive

rsity

sur

veilla

nce

in U

K in

volv

ed >

30 d

iffer

ent

orga

niza

tions

, to

whi

ch

volu

ntee

r con

tribu

tions

had

an

estim

ated

val

ue o

f £20

mill

ion,

fo

r a g

over

nmen

t inv

estm

ent o

f £7

milli

on.

Theo

bald

, E.,

Ettin

ger,

A.,

Bur

gess

, H.,

DeB

ey, L

., Sc

hmid

t, N

., &

Fro

ehlic

h, H

. et

al.

(201

5). G

loba

l cha

nge

and

loca

l sol

utio

ns: T

appi

ng th

e un

real

ized

po

tent

ial o

f citi

zen

scie

nce

for b

iodi

vers

ity re

sear

ch. B

iolo

gica

l Con

serv

atio

n,

181,

236

-244

. doi

:10.

1016

/j.bi

ocon

.201

4.10

.021

With

in p

roje

cts

sam

pled

(n

= 38

8),

1.3

mill

ion

volu

ntee

rspa

rtici

pate

, co

ntrib

utin

g up

to$2

.5

billi

on in

-kin

dan

nual

ly.

Mac

kech

nie

C.,

Mas

kell

L., N

orto

n L.

& R

oy D

. (20

11) T

he ro

le o

f “B

ig

Soci

ety”

in m

onito

ring

the

stat

e of

the

natu

ral e

nviro

nmen

t. Jo

urna

l of

Envi

ronm

enta

l Mon

itorin

g, 1

3, 2

687–

2691

Mar

k C

hand

ler,

Lind

a Se

e, K

yle

Cop

as, A

strid

M.Z

. Bon

de, B

erna

tC

lara

mun

t, Fi

nn D

anie

lsen

, Jan

Kris

toffe

rLeg

ind,

Siro

Mas

inde

, Abr

aham

J.

Mille

r-Rus

hing

, Gre

g N

ewm

an, A

lyss

a R

osem

artin

& Er

enTu

rak

(201

6)

Con

tribu

tion

of c

itize

n sc

ienc

e to

war

ds in

tern

atio

nal b

iodi

vers

ity m

onito

ring.

Bi

olog

ical

Con

serv

atio

n do

i:10.

1016

/j.bi

ocon

.201

6.09

.004

1,47

6da

tase

ts65

publ

ishi

ng

inst

itutio

ns24

coun

trie

s

Anal

ysis

as

of 1

Mar

ch 2

016

Citi

zen

scie

nce

cont

ribut

ions

to th

e G

BIF

glob

al in

dex

Ope

n D

ata

Wat

ch –

Ope

n D

ata

Inve

ntor

y 20

17

http

://od

in.o

pend

ataw

atch

.com

/

Fig 4. Con

ceptua

l structure of con

tempo

rary CS.

Kul

lenb

erg

C, K

aspe

row

skiD

(201

6) W

hat I

s C

itize

n Sc

ienc

e? –

A Sc

ient

omet

ricM

eta-

Ana

lysi

s. P

LOS

ON

E 11

(1):

e014

7152

. ht

tps:

//doi

.org

/10.

1371

/jour

nal.p

one.

0147

152

com

mun

ity-b

ased

mon

itorin

g

popu

lar e

pide

mio

logy

Do

It Yo

urse

lf S

cien

ce

volu

ntee

r bas

ed m

onito

ring

volu

ntee

r mon

itorin

g

parti

cipa

tory

sci

ence

publ

ic e

ngag

emen

t

parti

cipa

tory

mon

itorin

g

crow

d sc

ienc

e

parti

cipa

tory

sen

sing

AS IL

LUST

RAT

ED IN

: Sar

ah W

est a

nd R

ache

l Pat

eman

(201

7). H

ow c

ould

ci

tizen

sci

ence

sup

port

the

Sust

aina

ble

Dev

elop

men

t Goa

ls?

Polic

y br

ief.

Stoc

khol

m E

nviro

nmen

t Ins

titut

e.

SOU

RC

E: B

onne

y, R

., C

oope

r, C

. B.,

Dic

kins

on, J

., Ke

lling,

S.,

Philli

ps, T

., R

osen

berg

, K.

V. a

nd S

hirk

, J. (

2009

). C

itize

n sc

ienc

e: A

dev

elop

ing

tool

for e

xpan

ding

sci

ence

kn

owle

dge

and

scie

ntifi

c lit

erac

y. B

ioSc

ienc

e, 5

9(11

). 97

7–84

. D

OI:1

015

25/b

io20

0959

119

Stages of the

 scientific p

rocess th

at involve cit

izens in

 differen

t type

s of citizen science projects

“Com

mun

ity-b

ased

env

ironm

enta

l m

onito

ring

and

info

rmat

ion

syst

ems

that

bui

ld o

n in

nova

tive

and

nove

l Ear

th

obse

rvat

ion

appl

icat

ions

” (EU

)

An E

cosy

stem

of C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ries

for E

nviro

nmen

tal M

onito

ring

Citi

zen

Obs

erva

torie

s ar

e an

in

tegr

al c

ompo

nent

of m

anag

ing

envi

ronm

enta

l cha

lleng

es a

nd

empo

wer

ing

resi

lient

com

mun

ities

Mov

e C

itize

n Sc

ienc

e in

to th

e m

ains

tream

by

build

ing

a su

stai

nabl

e ec

osys

tem

of C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ries

and

rela

ted

activ

ities

VISI

ON

MIS

SIO

N

Glo

bal C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ryTh

e R

ole

of In

divi

dual

s in

O

bser

ving

and

Und

erst

andi

ng o

ur

Cha

ngin

g W

orld

Prof

. Jac

quel

ine

McG

lade

’s20

09 E

arth

wat

chLe

ctur

e

“it is

no

long

er s

uffic

ient

to

deve

lop

pass

ive

lists

or

repo

rts to

‘inf

orm

’ citi

zens

of

chan

ges

in o

ur e

nviro

nmen

t. W

e ne

ed to

eng

age

with

ci

tizen

s an

d as

k ho

w th

ey

can

‘info

rm’ u

s.”

WeO

bser

ve C

omm

uniti

es o

f Pra

ctic

e (C

oPs)

JOIN

the

WeO

bser

ve C

omm

uniti

es o

f Pra

ctic

e

http

s://t

inyu

rl.co

m/W

OC

oPs

CoP

1 :

Co-

crea

ting

citiz

en o

bser

vato

ries

and

enga

ging

citi

zens

CoP

2 :

Impa

ct a

nd v

alue

of c

itize

n ob

serv

ator

ies

for g

over

nanc

e

CoP

3 :

Inte

rope

rabi

lity

and

stan

dard

s fo

r citi

zen

obse

rvat

orie

s

CoP

4 : U

N S

usta

inab

le D

evel

opm

ent G

oals

an

d C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ries

The

CO

WM

Con

fere

nce

in V

enic

e /

Nov

embe

r 201

8 /

http

s://w

ww

.cow

m.e

u/

WeO

bser

ve C

omm

uniti

es o

f Pra

ctic

e (C

oPs)

Hel

p le

vera

ge th

e SD

G e

fforts

w

ith th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

new

m

etho

dolo

gies

to e

nhan

ce th

e qu

ality

of s

uch

data

.*

Supp

ort S

DG

impl

emen

tatio

n th

roug

h tra

nsfo

rmat

ive

prac

tices

-at

titud

e an

d be

havi

our c

hang

e.

* UN

. (20

17).

The

Sust

aina

ble

Dev

elop

men

t Goa

ls R

epor

t 201

7. N

ew Y

ork:

UN

. Ret

rieve

d fro

m

http

s://u

nsta

ts.u

n.or

g/sd

gs/fi

les/

repo

rt/20

17/T

heSu

stai

nabl

eDev

elop

men

tGoa

lsR

epor

t201

7.pd

f

Citizen

 Scie

nce & th

e Su

staina

ble De

velopm

ent G

oals

CS

is a

sub

set

of C

Os

CS

is a

sub

set o

f C

Os

and

beyo

ndC

Os

are

a su

bset

of C

S

CS

is a

sub

set

of C

Os

CS

is a

sub

set o

f C

Os

and

beyo

ndC

Os

are

a su

bset

of C

S

WeS

ense

IT“a

met

hod,

an

envi

ronm

ent a

nd a

n in

frast

ruct

ure

supp

ortin

g an

info

rmat

ion

ecos

yste

m fo

r co

mm

uniti

es a

nd c

itize

ns, a

s w

ell a

s em

erge

ncy

oper

ator

s an

d po

licym

aker

s, fo

r dis

cuss

ion,

m

onito

ring

and

inte

rven

tion

on s

ituat

ions

, pla

ces

and

even

ts”

2013

PAR

TIC

IPAT

ION

OF

CIT

IZEN

S ‘IN

-SIT

U’

COMMON ELEMENTS

ENVI

RO

NM

ENTA

L M

ON

ITO

RIN

G

BI-D

IREC

TIO

NA

L D

ATA

& IN

FO

MO

BIL

E +

WEB

TE

CH

NO

LOG

IES

ALAN

GR

AIN

GER

“any

use

of E

arth

obs

erva

tion

tech

nolo

gy in

whi

ch

citiz

ens

colle

ct d

ata

and

are

empo

wer

ed b

y th

e in

form

atio

n ge

nera

ted

from

thes

e da

ta to

pa

rtici

pate

in e

nviro

nmen

tal m

anag

emen

t.”

2017

CIT

I-SEN

SE“th

e ci

tizen

s’ ow

n ob

serv

atio

ns a

nd

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

env

ironm

enta

lly re

late

d pr

oble

ms

and

in p

artic

ular

... r

epor

ting

and

com

men

ting

on th

em w

ithin

a d

edic

ated

ICT

plat

form

”

2014

EU fu

nded

Citi

zen

Obs

erva

torie

s (F

P7 &

H20

20)

Disaster monitoring

123

4

5

76 7

9

98 98

1011

H20

20 C

Os

1.G

roun

d Tr

uth

2.0

2.G

RO

W3.

Land

Sens

e4.

Scen

t5.

D-N

oses

6.M

onoc

le

FP7

CO

s7.

CO

BWEB

8.O

min

scie

ntis

9.C

iti-S

ense

10.W

eSen

seIt

11.C

iticl

ops

Dom

ains

Rep

rese

nted

https://sc5.ea

sme‐web

.eu/#

Filte

r: Earth Observatio

n            

We

are

now

com

pilin

g pr

ojec

t det

ails

on

as w

ide

a ra

nge

of in

itiat

ives

in E

urop

e as

pos

sibl

e. P

leas

e sh

are

proj

ect

info

rmat

ion

with

us

via

this

onl

ine

form

.

http

s://t

inyu

rl.co

m/C

Ola

ndsc

ape

Add

YOU

R C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ry

1.G

eogr

aphi

c sc

ope

2.Ty

pe o

f par

ticip

ants

3.N

etw

ork

esta

blis

hmen

t m

echa

nism

4.

Rev

enue

stre

am5.

Com

mun

icat

ion

Para

digm

6.Ef

fort

requ

ired

7.Pl

atfo

rm s

uppo

rt8.

Dat

a ac

cess

ibilit

y,

avai

labi

lity

& qu

ality

Gha

resi

fard

, Moh

amm

ad &

Weh

n, U

ta &

van

der

Zaa

g, P

iete

r. (2

017)

. Tow

ards

ben

chm

arki

ng C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ries:

Fea

ture

s an

d fu

nctio

ning

of o

nlin

e am

ateu

r wea

ther

net

wor

ks. J

ourn

al o

f Env

ironm

enta

l M

anag

emen

t. 19

3. 3

81-3

93. 1

0.10

16/j.

jenv

man

.201

7.02

.003

.

Dev

elop

ing

a Fr

amew

ork

for B

ench

mar

king

CO

s ac

ross

Eur

ope

Stud

y on

an

inve

ntor

y of

ci

tizen

sci

ence

act

iviti

es fo

r en

viro

nmen

tal p

olic

ies

Envi

ronm

enta

l Citi

zen

Scie

nce

& th

e U

N S

DG

s

http

s://e

c.eu

ropa

.eu/

easm

e/si

tes/

easm

e-si

te/fi

les/

docu

men

ts/s

ept_

13.z

ip

Stud

y on

an

inve

ntor

y of

ci

tizen

sci

ence

act

iviti

es fo

r en

viro

nmen

tal p

olic

ies

Inve

ntor

y –

Fiel

ds C

over

ed

http

s://e

c.eu

ropa

.eu/

easm

e/si

tes/

easm

e-si

te/fi

les/

docu

men

ts/s

ept_

13.z

ip

Stud

y on

an

inve

ntor

y of

ci

tizen

sci

ence

act

iviti

es fo

r en

viro

nmen

tal p

olic

ies

Inve

ntor

y –

Type

of P

roje

cts

http

s://e

c.eu

ropa

.eu/

easm

e/si

tes/

easm

e-si

te/fi

les/

docu

men

ts/s

ept_

13.z

ip

Stud

y on

an

inve

ntor

y of

ci

tizen

sci

ence

act

iviti

es fo

r en

viro

nmen

tal p

olic

ies

Anal

ysis

–Sc

ient

ific

Dat

a Q

ualit

y

http

s://e

c.eu

ropa

.eu/

easm

e/si

tes/

easm

e-si

te/fi

les/

docu

men

ts/s

ept_

13.z

ip

Pala

cin-

Silv

a et

al.

Stat

e-of

-the

Art S

tudy

in C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ries:

Tec

hnol

ogic

al T

rend

s, D

evel

opm

ent

Cha

lleng

es a

nd R

esea

rch

Aven

ues;

Fin

nish

En

viro

nmen

t Ins

titut

e: H

elsi

nki,

Finl

and,

201

6

Stat

e-of

-the

Art S

tudy

in

Citi

zen

Obs

erva

torie

s

Pala

cin-

Silv

a et

al.

Stat

e-of

-the

Art S

tudy

in C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ries:

Tec

hnol

ogic

al T

rend

s, D

evel

opm

ent

Cha

lleng

es a

nd R

esea

rch

Aven

ues;

Fin

nish

En

viro

nmen

t Ins

titut

e: H

elsi

nki,

Finl

and,

201

6

Pala

cin-

Silv

a et

al.

Stat

e-of

-the

Art S

tudy

in C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ries:

Tec

hnol

ogic

al T

rend

s, D

evel

opm

ent

Cha

lleng

es a

nd R

esea

rch

Aven

ues;

Fin

nish

En

viro

nmen

t Ins

titut

e: H

elsi

nki,

Finl

and,

201

6

Pala

cin-

Silv

a et

al.

Stat

e-of

-the

Art S

tudy

in C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ries:

Tec

hnol

ogic

al T

rend

s, D

evel

opm

ent

Cha

lleng

es a

nd R

esea

rch

Aven

ues;

Fin

nish

En

viro

nmen

t Ins

titut

e: H

elsi

nki,

Finl

and,

201

6

Pala

cin-

Silv

a et

al.

Stat

e-of

-the

Art S

tudy

in C

itize

n O

bser

vato

ries:

Tec

hnol

ogic

al T

rend

s, D

evel

opm

ent

Cha

lleng

es a

nd R

esea

rch

Aven

ues;

Fin

nish

En

viro

nmen

t Ins

titut

e: H

elsi

nki,

Finl

and,

201

6

•Q

ualit

y As

sura

nce

Proj

ect

Plan

•R

epea

ted

sam

ple/

task

s•

Parti

cipa

nt ta

sks

invo

lvin

g co

ntro

l ite

ms

•U

nifo

rm o

r cal

ibra

ted

equi

pmen

t•

Pers

onal

kno

wle

dge

of

parti

cipa

nt s

kills

/exp

ertis

e•

Parti

cipa

nt tr

aini

ng•

Parti

cipa

nt te

stin

g•

Rat

ing

parti

cipa

nt

perfo

rman

ceW

iggi

ns, A

., N

ewm

an, G

., St

even

son,

R.,

& C

row

ston

, K. (

2011

). M

echa

nism

s fo

r Dat

a Q

ualit

y an

d Va

lidat

ion

in C

itize

n Sc

ienc

e. 2

011

IEEE

Sev

enth

Inte

rnat

iona

l Con

fere

nce

On

E-Sc

ienc

e W

orks

hops

. do

i:10.

1109

/esc

ienc

ew.2

011.

27

How

do

we

Ensu

re D

ata

Qua

lity?

•Fi

lterin

g of

unu

sual

repo

rts•

Con

tact

ing

parti

cipa

nts

abou

t un

usua

l rep

orts

•Au

tom

atic

reco

gniti

on te

chni

ques

•Ex

pert

Rev

iew

•Pa

per d

ata

shee

ts s

ubm

itted

in

addi

tion

to o

nlin

e en

try•

Dig

ital v

ouch

ers

•D

ata

trian

gula

tion

•D

ata

norm

aliz

atio

n•

Dat

a m

inin

g•

Dat

a qu

ality

doc

umen

tatio

n

http

s://w

ww.

slid

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re.n

et/m

ukih

/intro

duct

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to-c

itize

n-sc

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e-an

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ific-

crow

dsou

rcin

g-da

ta-q

ualit

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gmen

t-876

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9

Data Qua

lity 

http

s://e

xten

d.uc

l.ac.

uk/c

ours

e/vi

ew.p

hp?i

d=43

3#se

ctio

n-0

http

s://o

penu

psci

.wix

site

.com

/citi

zens

cien

ceco

urse

It ta

kes

only

5 to

10

min

utes

to ta

ke p

art

in th

e W

eObs

erve

Onl

ine

Cou

rse

Surv

ey!

WeO

bser

ve a

ims

to c

onfig

ure

an o

nlin

e co

urse

to b

e la

unch

ed in

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hel

p pe

ople

und

erst

and,

par

ticip

ate

in a

nd

crea

te th

eir o

wn

obse

rvat

orie

s.

Com

plet

e th

e qu

estio

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re to

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best

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r kno

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ur

effo

rt.

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WeO

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assi

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pen

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(MO

OC

) for

CO

s

http

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inyu

rl.co

m/W

O-M

OO

C-S

urve

y

Margaret G

old

ECSA

 Project Officer 

(WeO

bserve & La

ndSense)

mg@

margaretgold.co.uk

@Mob

ileMaggie

http

s://t

inyu

rl.co

m/W

OC

oPs

http

s://t

inyu

rl.co

m/W

O-M

OO

C-S

urve

y