the larynx "areej raed al-halawani "
TRANSCRIPT
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The Larynx
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Definition
A special part of the body consists of group ofcartilages which are connected to each other bymembranes & ligaments and moved by muscles.(the
larynx component of 1- cartilages 2- membranes &ligaments 3-skeletal muscles )
Functions:
1. Voice production
2. Protective sphincter for inlet of airway to thelungs
Location: located in the neck
At level of C4, C5 and C6 . At c6 become the trachea
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Behind the larynx theres the laryngeal part of
the pharynx
Remember that the larynx anterior and thepharynx posterior
Function of the larynx
1 protective sphincter for inlet of air way tothe lung
2 voice production
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Cartilages
Membranes & ligaments
Muscles
Components of Larynx
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Cartilages
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cartilages
cartilages
single paired
Arytenoid Corniculate CuneiformThyroid Cricoid Epiglottis
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Thyroid cartilage
Largest
Consists of
- 2 Laminae:
Adams apple
(in midline Ant.)
Oblique line
(outer surface, Attachments1-
thyrohyoid m.2-stylohyoid m.3inf.constrictor m)
- Superior Horn
- Inferior Horn
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Cricoid cartilage
small ring of hyaline cartilage
Located inferior to the thyroidcartilage
Consists of:
Anterior arch ( narrow)
Posterior lamina
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Epiglottis
a leaf-shaped of elasticcartilage tissue covered witha mucus membrane
Attachments
Inf. Part (stalk) :thyroid cartilage
Sides:
arytenoid cartilage(aryepigottic fold)
Upper edge:
free
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aryepiglotticfold
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Related with the tongue by
glossepiglotticmembrane
(reflection of m.m. fromepiglottis forward to the
posterior surface of thetongue)
median fold
lateral folds
vallecula
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Arytenoid Cartilage
- pair of small pyramidal shape
- In the post. Larynx, on cricoidlamina
Apex: corniculate C.
Base: cricoid lamina
Vocal Process (ant.) vocal lig.Muscular Process (lat.) lat and
post cricoarytenoid m
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Corniculate cartilages
Two small conical
nodules
at the apex of
arytenoid cart.
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Cuneiform Cartilages
are two small
placed on either side,
in the aryepiglottic foldfun : to strength the
aryepiglottic fold
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Membranes and ligament
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Membranes & ligaments
Extrinsic: Thyrohyoid membrane
median thyrohyoid lig.
lateral thyrohyoid lig.
Cricotracheal ligament
Intrinsic Quadrangular membrane
Cricothyroid memb. & ligament
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Thyrohyoid MembraneConnects upper margin of thyroid To hyoid
bone
Thickened in midline to form ?? Midian
Thyrohyoid lig
Thickened posterolaterallyto form ?lateral thyroid lig
pierced on each side by:
1. the superior laryngeal vessels
(from??) sup. Thyroid a (from ant aspect ofECA
&
2. the internal laryngeal nerve
(from?) sup.laryngeal n (from vagus n )
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Quadrangular Membrane
Quadrangular in shapeExtends between ?epiglottis & ?
Arytenoid
Free Inf. Margin thickened to form ?
Vestibular fold ( false of vocal cord )
Free Upper margin folds to form ?
Aryepiglottic fold
Cuneiform cartilage is found in the
Aryepiglottic fold & serves toStrengthen it.
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Cricothyroid Membrane & Ligaments
Inf. Margin:Upper border of cricoid cartilage
Sup. Margin:
Free margin, on medial side
of thyroid cartilage
(within the space enclosed by
Thyroid cart.)
Attached:Ant.: ? Thyroid c
Post.: ?vocal process of arytenoid
The upper free margin is thickened to form the Vocal ligaments
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Cricothyroid Membrane & Ligaments
View from Superior
Membrane
Vocal Ligaments,free upper margin
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Cricothyroidotomy
An emergency incision through the skin and cricothyroid membraneto secure the airway during upper airway obstruction, when oral or
nasal intubation is not possible
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False Vocal cords:
Fixed vestibular folds (inf. free margin of quadrangular memb.)
vascular & pink in color
True Vocal Cords:
Mobile vocal ligaments (sup. free margin of cricothyroid memb.)
avascular & white in color
Rima Vestibularis:
Rima Glottidis:
Sinus of Larynx:
A small recess extended from lat. sides of the larynx between ??False and true
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Inlet of larynx
Looks upward and backwardinto ??
Borders
upper
epiglottis
lateral aryepiglottic fold
posterior and belowmembrane covers arytenoidcart.
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Cavity of larynx
3 RegionsUpper part (vestibule):Inlet ? FalseMiddle part:
Between ? False and trueCommunicates laterally with ?
Lower part:
From ? true lower border of? Lamina of cricoid
*Mucous membrane covering
of larynx is ciliated columnarepithelium, except? True
vocal cord (stratifiedsqamus epithilum
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Muscles of The Larynx
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Muscles of Larynx
Extrinsic M.
Intrinsic M.
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Extrinsic Muscles
Move the whole larynx up or down during swallowing
Elevators:
suprahyoid group (?? Ginohyoid , stylohiyoid , mylohyoid,digastric )
3 pharyngeal muscles (Stylopharyngeus,
Salpingopharyngeus and Palatopharyngeus)
Depressors:
Infra hyoid muscles, EXCEPT? Thyrohyoid
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Intrinsic Muscles2 groups
- control Laryngeal inlet (2 muscles):oblique arytenoid ( action? close
)thyroepiglottic (action?) wide
- move vocal folds (5 muscles):cricothyroidthyroarytenoidlateral cricoarytenoid
posterior cricoarytenoidtransverse arytenoid
Read the table in your book for the
Origin?, Insertion?, Nerve supply?, & Action of these muscles
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Oblique arytenoid
Muscular process
Apex of other arytenoid
Some fibers continue inthe aryepiglottic fold asthe aryepiglottic m.
Action:
Narrows laryngeal inlet
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Thyroepiglottic Muscle
Inner surface of thyroid cartilage
Lat. Epiglottis & aryepiglottic fold
Action:
Widens laryngeal inlet
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Muscles that move the vocal fold
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Muscles move the vocal folds
Cricothyroid
tenses the vocal cord
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Muscles move the vocal fold
Thyroarytenoid( vocalis )
relaxes the vocal cord
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Muscles move the vocal fold
Lateralcricoarytenoid
adduct the vocal cord
by rotating arytenoidcart.
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Muscles move the vocal fold
Posteriorcricoarytenoid
abduct vocal cords
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Muscles move the vocal fold
Transversearytenoid
closes posterior part of rima
glottidis
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Blood supply
Upper half of larynx:
superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery.
Lower half:
inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid artery
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Nerve supply
Sensory
above vocal fold internal laryngeal branch of superiorlaryngeal branch of ?
below vocal fold recurrent laryngeal n. Motor
Recurrent laryngeal n. supply all intrinsic muscles
except ??cricothyroid muscle which is supplied by ??External larynx nerve