Crushed GlassWorkshop

The Law of Unintended Consequences:The Law of Unintended Consequences:

Impediments to Glass Recycling fromImpediments to Glass Recycling fromPENNDOT references in Chapter 73 RegulationsPENNDOT references in Chapter 73 Regulations

Understanding PENNDOT Specifications

Publication 408, Section 703Publication 408, Section 703——Aggregate SpecificationsAggregate SpecificationsSection 703 geared for concrete and asphaltSection 703 geared for concrete and asphaltGlass not an approved source material (i.e. geology)Glass not an approved source material (i.e. geology)Glass treated as deleterious materialGlass treated as deleterious material

Publication 34, Bulletin 14Publication 34, Bulletin 14——Approved Aggregate ProducersApproved Aggregate ProducersMostly quarries, sand & gravel pits, utilitiesMostly quarries, sand & gravel pits, utilitiesRequired QA/QC Testing ($20,000 to $30,000/yr)Required QA/QC Testing ($20,000 to $30,000/yr)Glass not approved, therefore not tested or included.Glass not approved, therefore not tested or included.

Pennsylvania Test Methods (Pennsylvania Test Methods (PTMsPTMs))——Field and LaboratoryField and LaboratoryOnly available through PENNDOT Bookstore (not online)Only available through PENNDOT Bookstore (not online)Obscure reference for those not conducting business with Obscure reference for those not conducting business with PENNDOTPENNDOTMost Most PTMsPTMs reference AASTHO and ASTM specificationsreference AASTHO and ASTM specifications

Section 703.2 Aggregates

Approved Source Materials (Section 703 & Bulletin 14)Approved Source Materials (Section 703 & Bulletin 14)StoneStoneGravelGravelBlast Furnace SlagBlast Furnace SlagSteel SlagSteel SlagGranulated SlagGranulated SlagLightweight AggregateLightweight AggregateRecycled ConcreteRecycled Concrete

Quality Specifications (Types A to C; C lowest)Quality Specifications (Types A to C; C lowest)Size and Gradation Specifications (AASHTO Size and Gradation Specifications (AASHTO designations)designations)

Section 703.2 Quality RequirementsType AType A Type BType B Type CType C CGCG

Soundness, Max. %Soundness, Max. % 1010 1212 2020 6.386.38--7.17.1

Abrasion, Max. %Abrasion, Max. % 4545 4545 5555 2424--2525

Thin and Elongated Pieces, Max. %Thin and Elongated Pieces, Max. % 1515 2020 --

Material <75um (No. 200), Max. %Material <75um (No. 200), Max. % ** ** 1010 1.21.2--3.23.2

Crushed Fragments, Min. %Crushed Fragments, Min. % 55**55** 55**55** 5050 N/AN/A

Compacted Density (Unit Weight), Min. kg/m3 Compacted Density (Unit Weight), Min. kg/m3 (lbs./cu.ft.)(lbs./cu.ft.)

1100 (70)1100 (70) 1100 (70)1100 (70) 1100 1100 (70)(70) (72(72--79)79)

Deleterious Shale, Max. %Deleterious Shale, Max. % 22 22 1010 ----

Clay Lumps, Max. %Clay Lumps, Max. % 0.250.25 0.250.25 33 ----

Friable Particles, Max. % (excluding shale)Friable Particles, Max. % (excluding shale) 1.01.0 1.01.0 -- ----

Coal or Coke, Max. %Coal or Coke, Max. % 11 11 55 ----

Glassy Particles, Max. %Glassy Particles, Max. % 4 or 10***4 or 10*** 4 or 10***4 or 10*** -- 100100

Iron, Max. %Iron, Max. % 3*****3***** 3*****3***** 3*****3***** ----

Absorption, Max. %Absorption, Max. % 3.0****3.0**** 3.5****3.5**** -- 1.31.3

Total Deleterious Shale, Clay, Lumps, Friable Total Deleterious Shale, Clay, Lumps, Friable Particles, Coal, or Coke Allowed, Max. %Particles, Coal, or Coke Allowed, Max. %

22 22 1515 ----

Section 703.2(c)10

Glassy Particles: Glassy Particles: Determine the percentage by mass (weight) by visual Determine the percentage by mass (weight) by visual identification and hand separation. Pieces of slag identification and hand separation. Pieces of slag containing more than 50% glass are considered to be containing more than 50% glass are considered to be glassy particles. glassy particles. Waste glass is also considered to be Waste glass is also considered to be glassy particles.glassy particles. For coarse aggregates used in cement For coarse aggregates used in cement concrete, the maximum percentage of glass particles concrete, the maximum percentage of glass particles allowed is 4%. allowed is 4%. For other uses, the maximum percentage of For other uses, the maximum percentage of glass particles is 10%.glass particles is 10%. Coarse aggregate containing glassy Coarse aggregate containing glassy particles consisting of waste glass may not be used in particles consisting of waste glass may not be used in concrete or bituminous wearing courses.concrete or bituminous wearing courses.

Understanding PENNDOT Specifications

Publication 408, Section 703Publication 408, Section 703——Aggregate SpecificationsAggregate SpecificationsSection 703 geared for concrete and asphaltSection 703 geared for concrete and asphaltGlass not an approved source material (i.e. geology)Glass not an approved source material (i.e. geology)Glass treated as deleterious materialGlass treated as deleterious material

Publication 34, Bulletin 14Publication 34, Bulletin 14——Approved Aggregate ProducersApproved Aggregate ProducersMostly quarries, sand & gravel pits, utilitiesMostly quarries, sand & gravel pits, utilitiesRequired QA/QC Testing ($20,000 to $30,000/yr)Required QA/QC Testing ($20,000 to $30,000/yr)Glass not approved, therefore not tested or included.Glass not approved, therefore not tested or included.

Pennsylvania Test Methods (Pennsylvania Test Methods (PTMsPTMs))——Field and LaboratoryField and LaboratoryOnly available through PENNDOT Bookstore (not online)Only available through PENNDOT Bookstore (not online)Obscure reference for those not conducting business with Obscure reference for those not conducting business with PENNDOTPENNDOTMost Most PTMsPTMs reference AASTHO and ASTM specificationsreference AASTHO and ASTM specifications

PTMsTESTTEST PTMPTM AASHTOAASHTO ASTMASTM COSTCOST

Sieve analysis of coarse & fine Sieve analysis of coarse & fine aggregateaggregate

616616 T27T27 C136C136

D1140D1140

D653D653

C88C88

$100*$100*

Material <0.075mm (No. 200) Material <0.075mm (No. 200) sievesieve

100100 T11T11 $30**$30**

Coefficient of Uniformity, CuCoefficient of Uniformity, Cu 149149 ---- ------**

Sodium Sulfate SoundnessSodium Sulfate Soundness 510510 T104T104 $300***$300***

* Based on AASHTO T88 / ASTM D422. Once run, data for Cu obtained.** No cost if AASHTO T27 / ASTM C136 performed, i.e., it is a subset.*** Data already collected by PENNDOT—no need to reproduce for

ACT 101 or industrial glass

Estimated cost to certify MRF CG stockpile: ~$100, $300 for triplicatePENNDOT QA/QC Program: $20,000 to $30,000/yr

PENNDOT referencesPENNDOT references

In In

Chapter 73 RegulationsChapter 73 Regulations

§73.1.

§§73.1. Definitions73.1. Definitions…… Aggregate. Aggregate. Coarse material Coarse material manufactured from stone, gravel or slag, manufactured from stone, gravel or slag, having having Type B characteristics as described in Department Type B characteristics as described in Department of Transportation specifications, Form 408, of Transportation specifications, Form 408, section 703.3, Table B and uniform size and section 703.3, Table B and uniform size and grading equivalent to American Association of grading equivalent to American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials No. State Highway and Transportation Officials No. 57, as described in Form 408, Section 703.3, 2 57, as described in Form 408, Section 703.3, 2 Table CTable C..

§73.1. Issues

Glass (& tire chips) excluded as source materialGlass (& tire chips) excluded as source materialStoneStone——allows limestone, dolomites. Both dissolvable. Suggest “nonallows limestone, dolomites. Both dissolvable. Suggest “non--calcareous aggregates” terminology.calcareous aggregates” terminology.Glass excluded by Type B quality designation.Glass excluded by Type B quality designation.PENNDOT improperly referenced:PENNDOT improperly referenced:

Characteristics Characteristics QualityQualityForm 408, Section 703.3 Form 408, Section 703.3 Pub. 408, Section 703.2Pub. 408, Section 703.2Section 703.3, 2 Table C Section 703.3, 2 Table C Section 703.2, Table CSection 703.2, Table C

Fine aggregate and/or sand not defined, only coarse (by AASHTO NFine aggregate and/or sand not defined, only coarse (by AASHTO No. o. 57).57).To be in compliance with Section 703.2, all points must be satisTo be in compliance with Section 703.2, all points must be satisfied fied (invokes QA/QC program and Bulletin 14 listing). In other words(invokes QA/QC program and Bulletin 14 listing). In other words——Suppliers will not certify glass.Suppliers will not certify glass.Glass excluded by AASHTO No. 57 gradationGlass excluded by AASHTO No. 57 gradationAASHTO reference can be stand aloneAASHTO reference can be stand alone

Suggested Alternative (§73.1)

§§73.1. Definitions73.1. Definitions…… Aggregate. Aggregate. Quarried, manufactured or recycled Quarried, manufactured or recycled material from an inert, nonmaterial from an inert, non--calcareous source.calcareous source.

(i) (i) Coarse AggregateCoarse Aggregate. Unless otherwise specified, material . Unless otherwise specified, material meeting AASHTO No. 57 size and grading requirements, with less meeting AASHTO No. 57 size and grading requirements, with less than 2% by weight material passing the No. 200 (0.075 mm) sieve.than 2% by weight material passing the No. 200 (0.075 mm) sieve.(ii) (ii) Fine AggregateFine Aggregate. Unless otherwise specified, material meeting . Unless otherwise specified, material meeting the AASHTO No. 8 size and grading requirements.the AASHTO No. 8 size and grading requirements.(iii) (iii) CertificationCertification. Size and grading requirements must meet the . Size and grading requirements must meet the most current versions of AASHTO M43 /ASTM D448. Material most current versions of AASHTO M43 /ASTM D448. Material conformance with these requirements must be certified by a sourcconformance with these requirements must be certified by a source e listed in PENNDOT Bulletin 14, or a third party AASHTO/ASTM listed in PENNDOT Bulletin 14, or a third party AASHTO/ASTM certified commercial soil testing laboratory.certified commercial soil testing laboratory.

Alternative §73.1 -- Rationale

Glass/tire chips now qualify as source materialGlass/tire chips now qualify as source material(However, glass unsafe until crushed to AASHTO No. (However, glass unsafe until crushed to AASHTO No. 8)8)

Hydraulic conductivity (permeability) main design Hydraulic conductivity (permeability) main design parameter (limit fines)parameter (limit fines)

AASHTO No. 57 gradation ensures thisAASHTO No. 57 gradation ensures thisPENNDOT not mandated, but quarried aggregates useablePENNDOT not mandated, but quarried aggregates useableSoil testing labs very cost effective ($100/test)Soil testing labs very cost effective ($100/test)SEO approval and lengthy DEP review process avoidedSEO approval and lengthy DEP review process avoidedContractors can’t waitContractors can’t wait——give them pregive them pre--approvalapproval

§73.51.(a)

§§73.51.(a) In all systems, if an absorption area is 73.51.(a) In all systems, if an absorption area is proposed, the top of the limiting zone shall be at proposed, the top of the limiting zone shall be at least 4 feet below the bottom of the aggregate. least 4 feet below the bottom of the aggregate. Coarse aggregate used in the distribution system Coarse aggregate used in the distribution system shall meet the requirements of the Department of shall meet the requirements of the Department of Transportation specifications, Publications #408 Transportation specifications, Publications #408 (1994) section 703 available from the Department (1994) section 703 available from the Department of Transportation. The size and grading of the of Transportation. The size and grading of the aggregate shall meet AASHTO No. 57 aggregate shall meet AASHTO No. 57 requirements from a PADOT certified stockpile requirements from a PADOT certified stockpile and shall be of Type B quality requirements.and shall be of Type B quality requirements.

§73.51.(a). Issues

PENNDOT improperly referenced:PENNDOT improperly referenced:1994 edition obsolete 1994 edition obsolete ee--spec now onlinespec now online

PENNDOT certified stockpilePENNDOT certified stockpile——QA/QC required, QA/QC required, Bulletin 14 source only (i.e., no glass/tire chips)Bulletin 14 source only (i.e., no glass/tire chips)Glass/tires excluded by Type B qualityGlass/tires excluded by Type B qualityGlass excluded by AASHTO No. 57 gradationGlass excluded by AASHTO No. 57 gradationAASHTO reference can be stand aloneAASHTO reference can be stand alone

Suggested Alternative--§73.51(a).

§§73.51.(a) In all systems, if an absorption 73.51.(a) In all systems, if an absorption area is proposed, the top of the limiting area is proposed, the top of the limiting zone shall be at least 4 feet below the zone shall be at least 4 feet below the bottom of the aggregate. Coarse aggregate bottom of the aggregate. Coarse aggregate used in the distribution system shall meet used in the distribution system shall meet the requirements of the requirements of §§73.1.73.1.

Alternative §73.51.(a). -- Rationale

Referencing Referencing §§73.1 streamlines specification, eliminates 73.1 streamlines specification, eliminates duplicative language, and simplifies future updates.duplicative language, and simplifies future updates.

§73.55(c)

§§73.55(c) 73.55(c) Sand. Sand. Sand suppliers shall provide certification Sand suppliers shall provide certification in writing to the sewage enforcement officer and in writing to the sewage enforcement officer and permitteepermittee, , with the first delivery to the job site from every sand with the first delivery to the job site from every sand source listing the amount of sand delivered, and that all source listing the amount of sand delivered, and that all sand supplied meets the sand supplied meets the requirements posted in the requirements posted in the Department of Transportation specifications Publication Department of Transportation specifications Publication #408, section 703#408, section 703. The size and grading shall meet . The size and grading shall meet bituminous concrete sand Type B #1 or #3 requirements bituminous concrete sand Type B #1 or #3 requirements from a Department of Transportation certified stockpilefrom a Department of Transportation certified stockpile. . The sieve analysis shall be conducted in accordance with The sieve analysis shall be conducted in accordance with PTM #616 and #100.PTM #616 and #100.

§73.55(c). Issues

Sand implies geologic origin & mineralogySand implies geologic origin & mineralogyglass explicitly disallowed.glass explicitly disallowed.

Consider “fine aggregate” terminology throughout Chapter 73Consider “fine aggregate” terminology throughout Chapter 73——glass glass allowed.allowed.Requirements posted? Requirements posted? Does this mean complying with PENNDOT or Does this mean complying with PENNDOT or not? Industry will take most conservative interpretation not? Industry will take most conservative interpretation full full compliance compliance glass excluded.glass excluded.“Certified stockpile” implies full compliance with Section 703 “Certified stockpile” implies full compliance with Section 703 glass glass excluded.excluded.If Section 703 compliance required, If Section 703 compliance required, PTMsPTMs implied. AASHTO/ASTM implied. AASHTO/ASTM tests should replace tests should replace PTMsPTMs..Do you really need gradation of B#1 and B#3? Overkill?Do you really need gradation of B#1 and B#3? Overkill?

How about AASTHO No. 8 or No. 10?How about AASTHO No. 8 or No. 10?Minus 3/8” glass with limit on fines?Minus 3/8” glass with limit on fines?All have essentially same permeability as B#1 and B#3All have essentially same permeability as B#1 and B#3BUT: These have different filtration propertiesBUT: These have different filtration properties

5gpd/ft2 recirculating sand filterD10 = 1.5 to 2.5 mm; Cu = 1 to 3Comparison:

100 10 1 0.1 0.01Grain size (mm)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

fine

r by

wei

ght

gravel sandfines (silt or clay)

Filter Criteria

AASHTO No.8

AASHTO No. 10

B#3 Sand

USCS grain size catorgories

finemediumcoarsefinecoarse

Suggested Alternative-- §73.55(c)

§§73.55(c). Fine aggregate suppliers shall provide 73.55(c). Fine aggregate suppliers shall provide certification in writing to the sewage enforcement certification in writing to the sewage enforcement officer and officer and permitteepermittee, with the first delivery to the , with the first delivery to the job site from each source listing the quantity of job site from each source listing the quantity of material delivered. The fine aggregate shall meet material delivered. The fine aggregate shall meet B#3 concrete sand or AASHTO No.10 size and B#3 concrete sand or AASHTO No.10 size and grading requirements, and meet all other grading requirements, and meet all other requirements of requirements of §§73.1.73.1.

Alternative §73.55(c). -- Rationale

Fine aggregate allows for glass, stone, slag, tire chips, etc.Fine aggregate allows for glass, stone, slag, tire chips, etc.Value of K (permeability) preservedValue of K (permeability) preservedConcrete sand can still be usedConcrete sand can still be usedMRFsMRFs can stockpile glass with third party certificationcan stockpile glass with third party certificationNo SEO or PADEP approval delaysNo SEO or PADEP approval delaysMost sand mounds in rural areasMost sand mounds in rural areas——same as same as MRFsMRFs——transportation cost becomes competitivetransportation cost becomes competitiveCite size and gradating onlyCite size and gradating only——quarries and labs know quarries and labs know required testsrequired tests——invoked by standards.invoked by standards.

§73.162(b)(2)(i)

§§73.162(b)(2)(i) 73.162(b)(2)(i) …… The fine aggregate shall have The fine aggregate shall have an effective size of between 0.3 to 0.6 mm, a an effective size of between 0.3 to 0.6 mm, a uniformity coefficient of less than 3.5 and less uniformity coefficient of less than 3.5 and less than 4% of the coarse aggregate passing the #100 than 4% of the coarse aggregate passing the #100 sieve. sieve. The sieve analysis shall be conducted in The sieve analysis shall be conducted in accordance with Department of Transportation accordance with Department of Transportation PTM#616 and the uniformity coefficient shall be PTM#616 and the uniformity coefficient shall be determined by using Department of Transportation determined by using Department of Transportation PTM #149PTM #149..

§73.162(b)(2)(i) gradation (dots)

100 10 1 0.1 0.01Grain size (mm)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent

fine

r by

wei

ght

gravel sandfines (silt or clay)

Filter Criteria

AASHTO No.8

AASHTO No. 10

B#3 Sand

USCS grain size catorgories

finemediumcoarsefinecoarse

§73.162(b)(2)(i) Issues

Fine aggregate not definedFine aggregate not defined——sand sand called out in called out in §§73.162(b)(2)73.162(b)(2)

Effective size (DEffective size (D1010) not defined.) not defined.Testing certification?Testing certification?

Suggested Alternative-- §73.162(b)(2)(i)

§§73.162(b)(2)(i) 73.162(b)(2)(i) …… The fine aggregate shall have a The fine aggregate shall have a DD1010 of of between 0.3 to 0.6 mm, a Cbetween 0.3 to 0.6 mm, a Cuu less than 3.5, and less than less than 3.5, and less than 4% by weight passing the #100 sieve determined in 4% by weight passing the #100 sieve determined in accordance with the most current version of AASHTO T27 accordance with the most current version of AASHTO T27 / ASTM C136 and ASTM D653. Except for size and / ASTM C136 and ASTM D653. Except for size and grading, the other requirements of grading, the other requirements of §§73.1 shall be met.73.1 shall be met.

Alternative §73.162(b)(2)(i) -- Rationale

Use engineering terminology & acronyms to be as Use engineering terminology & acronyms to be as specific as possible.specific as possible.PTMsPTMs avoided.avoided.Once AASHTO 27 /ASTM C136 performed, Once AASHTO 27 /ASTM C136 performed, ASTM D653 definition applied to data.ASTM D653 definition applied to data.Streamlined referencing to earlier sections.Streamlined referencing to earlier sections.

§73.162(b)(2)(ii)

§§73.162(b)(2)(ii) 73.162(b)(2)(ii) …… The sand may not contain The sand may not contain more than 15% by weight deleterious material as more than 15% by weight deleterious material as determined by determined by Department of Transportation PTM Department of Transportation PTM #510#510..

§73.162(b)(2)(ii) Issues

Sand Sand fine aggregate in fine aggregate in §§73.162(b)(2)73.162(b)(2)PTM not necessaryPTM not necessaryCertification?Certification?

Suggested Alternative--§73.162(b)(2)(ii)

§§73.162(b)(2)(ii) 73.162(b)(2)(ii) …… The fine aggregate may not contain The fine aggregate may not contain more than 15% by weight deleterious material as more than 15% by weight deleterious material as determined by AASHTO T104 / ASTM C88 for a determined by AASHTO T104 / ASTM C88 for a minimum of 5 cycles.minimum of 5 cycles.

§73.162(b)(4)(iii)

§§73.162(b)(4)(iii) 73.162(b)(4)(iii) …… Coarse aggregate used in the Coarse aggregate used in the underdrainsunderdrains and distribution system shall meet the and distribution system shall meet the Type B requirements posted in the Department of Type B requirements posted in the Department of Transportation specifications Publication #408, Transportation specifications Publication #408, section 703, Table B and uniform size and grading section 703, Table B and uniform size and grading of the aggregate shall meet AASHTO No. 57 of the aggregate shall meet AASHTO No. 57 requirements, as described in Form 408, Section requirements, as described in Form 408, Section 703.2, Table C from a Department of 703.2, Table C from a Department of Transportation certified stockpile.Transportation certified stockpile.

§73.162(b)(4)(iii) Issues

Glass/tire chips excluded by:Glass/tire chips excluded by:PENNDOT quality requirementsPENNDOT quality requirementsCertified stockpileCertified stockpile

PENNDOT improperly referencedPENNDOT improperly referencedForm Form Publication #408Publication #408

Coarse aggregate already defined in Coarse aggregate already defined in §§73.173.1

Suggested Alternative--§73.162(b)(4)(iii)

§§73.162(b)(4)(iii) 73.162(b)(4)(iii) …… Coarse aggregate used in Coarse aggregate used in the the underdrainsunderdrains and distribution system shall meet and distribution system shall meet the requirements of the requirements of §§73.1.73.1.

§73.162(b)(4)(iv)

§§73.162(b)(4)(iv) 73.162(b)(4)(iv) …… Coarse aggregate used in the Coarse aggregate used in the transition layer shall meet the transition layer shall meet the Type B Type B requirements posted in the Department of requirements posted in the Department of Transportation specifications Publication #408, Transportation specifications Publication #408, section 703, Table B. Size and grading shall meet section 703, Table B. Size and grading shall meet AASHTO No. 8 requirements, as described in AASHTO No. 8 requirements, as described in ……Table C, from a Department of Transportation Table C, from a Department of Transportation certified stockpile.certified stockpile.

§73.162(b)(4)(iv) Issues

Posted? Wording is ambiguous. Does this mean Posted? Wording is ambiguous. Does this mean compliance with entire section?compliance with entire section?“Certified stockpile” implies compliance with “Certified stockpile” implies compliance with entire Section 703entire Section 703——i.e., glass excluded.i.e., glass excluded.Take similar approach to sand in Take similar approach to sand in §§73.55(c)73.55(c)

Suggested Alternative--§73.162(b)(4)(iv)

§§73.162(b)(4)(iv) 73.162(b)(4)(iv) …… Coarse aggregate used in the Coarse aggregate used in the transition layer shall shall meet AASHTO No.8 size and transition layer shall shall meet AASHTO No.8 size and grading requirements. Except for size and grading, all grading requirements. Except for size and grading, all other requirements of other requirements of §§73.1 shall be met.73.1 shall be met.

Chapter 73 Implications: Lost CG markets

Glass directly excluded due to PENNDOT and PADEP Glass directly excluded due to PENNDOT and PADEP requirements, indirectly by requirements, indirectly by SEO/DEP review process (~45 SEO/DEP review process (~45 days).days).

PENNDOT QA/QC Program: $20,000 to $30,000/yrPENNDOT QA/QC Program: $20,000 to $30,000/yrEstimated cost to certify MRF CG stockpile: ~$100, Estimated cost to certify MRF CG stockpile: ~$100, $300 for triplicate.$300 for triplicate.Glass liability: $50/ton landfill disposal feeGlass liability: $50/ton landfill disposal fee

Quarry price of AASHTO No. 8 aggregate and B#1, B#3 Quarry price of AASHTO No. 8 aggregate and B#1, B#3 sands sands ---- ~$7/ton.~$7/ton.Sand mound uses ~100 tons sand Sand mound uses ~100 tons sand $700/mound.$700/mound.67 counties, 100 sand mounds annually (est.)67 counties, 100 sand mounds annually (est.)670,000 tons aggregate 670,000 tons aggregate $4.7 million industry !!!$4.7 million industry !!!

ConclusionsReferencing PENNDOT, while common in civil engineering Referencing PENNDOT, while common in civil engineering applications, can often lead to the exclusion of recycled materiapplications, can often lead to the exclusion of recycled materials in als in nonnon--PENNDOT applications.PENNDOT applications.Equivalent “nonEquivalent “non--PENNDOT” specifications available.PENNDOT” specifications available.Danger: Referencing AASHTO has same pitfallsDanger: Referencing AASHTO has same pitfalls——are transportation are transportation aggregate specs really suitable for filtration? No. AASHTO sizaggregate specs really suitable for filtration? No. AASHTO size and e and grading designed for high compactiongrading designed for high compaction——need fines for void infillingneed fines for void infilling——opposite objective for filtration.opposite objective for filtration.While PENNDOT requires QA/QC, equivalent QA/QC & certification While PENNDOT requires QA/QC, equivalent QA/QC & certification available from testing laboratories at fraction of cost. available from testing laboratories at fraction of cost. PENNDOT moving toward performance specificationsPENNDOT moving toward performance specifications——continued continued referencing to PENNDOT may produce unanticipated results.referencing to PENNDOT may produce unanticipated results.Approval delays mean contractors and builders will forego recyclApproval delays mean contractors and builders will forego recycled ed materialsmaterials——must be as easy to use as conventional aggregates or CG must be as easy to use as conventional aggregates or CG markets will not emerge. markets will not emerge. CG Suppliers CG Suppliers mustmust meet specifications or markets will not emerge.meet specifications or markets will not emerge.

Path ForwardResults of PENNDOT CG studies have enabled PADEP to Results of PENNDOT CG studies have enabled PADEP to issue alternate guidance on CG use in Chapter 73 issue alternate guidance on CG use in Chapter 73 applicationsapplicationsLook for alternate guidance from PADEP to be issued in Look for alternate guidance from PADEP to be issued in 2004 which addresses these issues by:2004 which addresses these issues by:

PrePre--qualifying CG for use in select aggregate qualifying CG for use in select aggregate applicationsapplicationsAllowing soil testing lab certification for CG stockpilesAllowing soil testing lab certification for CG stockpilesRequiring lab certifications with bill of ladingsRequiring lab certifications with bill of ladings

For More Information

Kenneth J. Thornton, PGChief, Pollution Prevention SectionP.O. BOX 400Harrisburg PA 17105