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The Life-cycle of Legal Identity Presented by: Kristen Wenz, Global Technical Lead for Civil Registration & Legal Identity, UNICEF ID4Africa 19 June, 2019 Johannesburg, South Africa

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Page 1: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

TheLife-cycleofLegalIdentity

Presentedby:KristenWenz,GlobalTechnicalLeadforCivilRegistration&LegalIdentity,UNICEF

ID4Africa19June,2019Johannesburg,SouthAfrica

Page 2: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

Legalidentity:Wheredowestart?Theageoldquestion……

Page 3: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our
Page 4: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

Healthsystem:Immunizationandchildhealth

services

Marriage/Divorce

Healthinformation

causeofdeath

Nutrition,Protection

Education

Adultidentity:NationalID,driverlicense,voterID

Civilregistration:Birth

Civilregistration

Civilregistration:DeathIdentityofyourourownchildrenincluding

adoption

Civilregistration

Inheritance,landownership

Employment,taxes,bankaccount

Higher-Education

Page 5: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

CivilRegistrationSystemsLegalproofoffamilyties(parents,spouse,children)toclaim:

○ Inheritance○ Land○ Nationality○ Custodyofchildren

Howcanweproveachildisachildsotheycanenjoytheirrights?○ Tohealthcare○ Togotoschool○ Toreceivesocialsupport○ Notbemarriedbeforeage18○ Notberecruitedintoarmedforceschild○ Notbeforcedintoharmfullabor

Page 6: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

Withoutabirthtodeathapproachtoidentity….

○ Howtoauthenticateidentityandeligibilityteenagers/adultsregisteringforadultIDschemes?

○ Howdoyouavoidfraudandmultiple“identities”?

○ Howto‘retire’identitiesupondeath?

○ Unverifiedentries,multipleregistrations,exclusionerrors,inclusionerrors,fakeidentities,anddeadvoters

Page 7: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

Linkagebetweenthenationalidentificationdatabaseandthecivilregistrationsystem29countrieshaveanationalidentificationdatabase,butonly13islinkedtothecivilregistration

InformationfromthebirthcertificateistheprimarysourceforissuingnationalIDin33countries,andpassportsin35*Basedonresponsesobtainedfrom39countriesoutofthe54memberStates.

https://au.int/sites/default/files/newsevents/workingdocuments/33070-wd-en_-_report_on_the_status_of_civil_registration_and_vital_statistics_in_africa_25sept.pdf

Page 8: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our
Page 9: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

In2000about40%ofAfrica’schildrenunderage5were

registered…

thisfigureremains

unchangedtoday.

Page 10: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

Insub-SaharanAfrica,only25%ofnewbornshaveabirthcertificate Over20

milliondonothavetheirbirths

registered

28milliondonothavea

birthcertificate.80percentofchildrenU5 donothavebirth

certificatesintheeastandsouthernAfricaregion

Page 11: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

10countriesinAfricarequireabirthcertificatetoaccess

publichealthorimmunization

Evidenceshows,bettercivilregistrationleadstobetterhealthoutcomes

Page 12: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

28countriesinAfricarequirea

birthcertificatetoaccesssocialsupport

Childrenlivinginpovertyare1.5lesslikelytohavetheirbirthregisteredcomparedtochildrenlivinginweatherhouseholds

Page 13: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

39countriesinAfricarequireabirthcertificateforeducation

Childrenwithoutbirthcertificatesfacemajorobstaclesenrollingineducationservicesandcompletingschool

Page 14: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

Withoutabirthcertificate,byageofNationalIDchildrenmaybeexcludedfrom:

•Health&immunizationservices•Childhoodnutrition&development• Schoolenrollmentorcompletion• Socialsupportsystems

Page 15: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

TheSustainableSolution:IntegratedCivilRegistrationandNationalIDSystems

• CostSavings• Reducesbarriersforaccesstoidentitysystems• Avoidsduplicative/fragmentedidentitysystems• Lowersriskforidentityfraud• Canassignauniqueidentitynumberfrombirth• Moreaccuratepopulationcoveragerates• Enablesaccurateandtimelydemographicdatageneratedbyvitalstatisticssystems• Greaterinclusion• Betterhealthoutcomes• Increasededucationalattainment• Reductioninpoverty

Page 16: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

THANKYOU!KristenWenz:[email protected]

GlobalTechnicalLeadonCivilRegistrationandLegalIdentity

UNICEFHeadquarters,NewYork,NewYork

Page 17: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

• Digitaltechnologiesprovideauniqueopportunitytoexpandreachthroughmobilephones,leveragefunctionalsystemslikehealthinformationsystemstoincreasebirthanddeaths.

• HOWEVER,theycannotleapfrogcivilregistrationsystems

Page 18: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

Education39

SocialAssistance

19

Health,10

NumberofcountriesinAfricawhichrequireabirthcertificatetoaccessthefollowingservices

Source:ASnapshotofCivilRegistrationinSub-SaharanAfrica(2017)extractedfromdata.unicef.org

Page 19: The Life-cycle of Legal Identity · Adult identity: National ID, driver license, voter ID Civil registration: Birth Civil registration Civil registration: Death Identity of your our

ThereisadirectinverserelationshipbetweenbirthregistrationandvoterIDcoveragebetweenlowandhighincomeeconomies.

37

9199.9

89

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

BirthRegistration VoterRegistration

BRvsVRbyGDP

LowIncome HighIncome


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