the life of rizal by canare ma. theresa
TRANSCRIPT
THE LIFE OF DR. JOSE RIZAL
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
his life and works
Dr. Jose Rizal is a unique example of many
splendored genius who become the greatest hero of
nation. Endowed by God with versatile gifts , he truly
ranked with the worlds genius. He was a
physician(opthalmic surgeon.), poet, dramatist,
novelist, surveyor, engineer, magecian and etc.
The Birth of the Hero
Jose Rizal was born on the moonlit night of Wednesday, June 19
1861 in the lakeshore of town of Calamba, Laguna Province ,
Philippines.
His mother almost died during the delivery because of his big head.
He was baptized in the catholic church of his town on June 22 aged
three days old, by the parish priest, Father Rufino Collantes, who
was a Batangueno.
His god father was father pedro casanas
His name Jose was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the
Christian Saint San Jose.
Rizal’s Parents
Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898)
- Father of Jose who was the youngest of 13 offspring of Juan and Cirilia
Mercado.
- Born in Binan Laguna on April 18, 1818.
-Studied in San Jose College Manila anD died in manila.
Teodora Alonso (1827-1913)
Mother of Jose who was the second child of Lorenzo ALONSO and Brijilia
de Quintos.
She studies at Collegio de Santa Rosa.
She was business minded woman, courteous, religious and hardworking.
She was born on Santa Cruz Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in
1913 in manila.
THE MERCADO FAMILY
E A R LY C H I L D H O O D M E M O R I E S
Happy days in family garden when he was three years old.
He remembered his aya (nurse maid) a kind old woman who
was employed to look after him.
Daily Angelus Prayer.
When he was four years old , his sister Conception died and
considered his first sorrow.
Rizal made a pilgrimage to Antipolo to fulfill the vow made by
his mother to take the child to the shrine of the Virgin of
Antipolo.
At the age of eight he wrote his firsy poem entitled “Sa Aking
mga Kabata”.
EARLY EDUCATION IN CALAMBA
Rizals first teacher was his mother, who was
remarkable woman with a good character and fine
culture.
His parents employed private tutors to give him
lessons at home. The first one was Maestro
Celestino and the second was Maestro Lucas Padua.
He was brought by Paciano to the School of
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
SCHOOLS OF RIZAL
ATENEO MUNICIPAL DE MANILA
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO
TOMAS
THE TRAVEL’SOF RIZAL
Disillusioned with how Filipinos in the Philippines were regarded as second-class citizens in institutions of
learning and elsewhere, the National Hero Jose Rizal left the country in May 1882 to pursue further studies
abroad. He enrolled in a course in medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid in Spain. In June 1883, he
traveled to France to observe how medicine was being practiced there
After his three-month sojourn in France, Rizal returned to Madrid and thought about publishing a book that
exposed the colonial relationship of Spain and the Philippines. This idea was realized in March 1887, with the
publication of the novel Noli Me Tangere in Germany.
Rizal was actively involved in the Propaganda movement, composed of Filipinos in Spain who sought to
direct the attention of Spaniards to the concerns of the Spanish colony in the Philippines. He wrote articles for
publications in Manila and abroad; convened with overseas Filipinos to discuss their duty to the country; and
called on Spanish authorities to institute reforms in the Philippines, such as granting freedom of the press and
Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.
Rizal returned to Manila in August 1887, after five years in Europe. However, his homecoming
was met by the friars’ furor over Noli Me Tangere. The Archbishop of Manila issued an order
banning the possession and reading of the novel, an order that was later reinforced by the governor-
general. Six months later, pressured by the Spanish authorities as well as by his family and friends to
leave the country and avoid further persecution, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong.
From Hong Kong, Rizal traveled to Macau and Japan before going to America. Entering San
Francisco, California, in April 1888, he visited the states of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska,
Illinois, and New York. He jotted down his observations of the landscape in his diary.
Rizal arrived in England in May 1888. In August, he was admitted to the British Museum, where he
copied Antonio de Morga’s massive study of the Philippines, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, which
Rizal later annotated for publication “as a gift to the Filipinos.” In the museum he devoted his time
reading all the sources on Philippine history that he could find. He kept up his correspondence with
various people, including his family, who were being oppressed by the Spanish religious landowners;
the Filipino patriots in Spain; and his Austrian friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt, with whom he planned
to form an association of Philippine scholars. From 1888 to 1890 he shuttled between London and
Paris, where he wrote ethnographic and history-related studies, as well as political articles. He also
frequently visited Spain, where he met with fellow Filipino intellectuals like Marcelo H. del Pilar,
Mariano Ponce, and Graciano Lopez-Jaena.
In March 1891, Rizal finished writing his second novel, El
Filibusterismo, in France. He planned to publish the book in Belgium,
but was financially hard up. His brother’s support from back home was
delayed in coming, and he was scrimping on meals and expenses. Finally,
in September 1890, El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent using
donations from Rizal’s friends.
Meanwhile, a rivalry had ensued between Rizal and del Pilar over the
leadership of the Asociación Hispano Filipino in Spain. Rizal decided to
leave Europe to avoid the worsening rift between the Rizalistas and
Pilaristas, and to help maintain unity among Filipino expatriates. After
staying for some time in Hong Kong, where he practiced medicine and
planned to build a “New Calamba” by relocating landless Filipinos to
Borneo, Rizal came home to the Philippines in June 1892.
WOMEN WHO LINKED WITH RIZAL
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK: RIZAL'S FIRST LOVE
Jose Rizal was only a young boy of sixteen (16)
when he first fell in love, and it was with Segunda
Katigbak, a girl from Lipa, Batangas and two
years his junior. According to Rizal, "She was
rather short, with eyes that were eloquent and
ardent at times and languid at others, rosy-
cheeked, with an enchanting and provocative
smile that revealed very beautiful teeth, and the
air of a sylph; her entire self diffused a mysterious
charm."
LEONOR VALENZUELA
When Rizal was a sophomore at the University of Santo Tomas and was
boarding in the house of Dona Concha Leyva in Intramuros he met Leonor
"Orang" Valenzuela, his next-door neighbor and daughter of Capitan Juan
and Capitana Sanday Valenzuela. She was a tall girl who carried herself
with grace and elegance.
Exchanging Love Notes
Rizal was always welcome at the Valenzuela home. He eventually courted
Leonor by sending her love notes, which he wrote in invisible ink made
from a mixture of water and table salt. He taught Leonor how to read his
letters by heating them over a lamp or a candle to allow the words to
surface.
Unfortunately, as with his first love, Jose failed to ask for the lady's hand
in marriage.
LEONOR RIVERA: T H E F I R S T E N G A G E M E N T
Leonor Rivera was a young lady from Camiling, and a cousin of Jose Rizal. Leonor's
father had provided room and board in Casa Tomasina, Intramuros for Rizal when the
youth was still starting his third year at the university. The young girl was then a
student at La Concordia College where Soledad, Rizal's little sister was also studying.
A Secret Relationship
Leonor was "tender as a budding flower with kindly, wistful eyes." She and Rizal
eventually became engaged. In her letters, she signed her name as "Taimis" in order
to hide their intimate relationship from the girl's parents.
Lady's Infidelity
In the autumn of 1890, however, Rizal received a letter from Leonor telling him of
her coming marriage to a man whom her mother chose to be her mate -- an
Englishman -- and begged for his forgiveness. This broke Rizal's heart deeply.
CONSUELO ORTIGA Y PEREZ
In 1882, when Rizal was a student at the Universidad Central de Madrid, he frequented the home
of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey, the former city mayor of Manila. He lived with his son Rafael and his
daughter Consuelo.
Taken by Charm
Rizal, though he wasn't a handsome man, possessed a great deal of charisma and was gifted with
many talents and a deeply noble character. For this reason, it is of no surprise that Consuelo, the
prettier of Don Pablo's daughters, was very taken with him.
Being lonely and somewhat isolated in a foreign country, Rizal found comfort in Consuelo's
vivacious company. He wrote her a poem entitled A La Senorita C.O. y P. (To Miss C.O.y P.), in
which he expressed his great admiration for the lady.
Rizal's romance with Consuelo did not turn into a serious affair; he decided to take a step back for
two reasons: first, he was still engaged to Leonor Rivera at that time; and second, he was aware of
his friend's (Eduardo de Lete) affection for the girl and he did not want to ruin their friendship over
her.
O -SEI -SAN: LOVE AT F IRST S IGHT
When Rizal was in Tokyo a few days after he had moved to the Azabu district in 1888, he
spotted a pretty Japanese girl walking past the legion gate. He was captured by the lady's regal
air and charisma and endeavored to find ways to meet her. The girl's name was Seiko Usui. She
lived with her parents and often took afternoon walks by the legation. Rizal waited by the gate
one afternoon and introduced himself.
Rizal and O-Sei-San, as he fondly called her, met almost daily. They toured the beautiful city
spots, enjoyed the scenery, and visited the picturesque shrines. Rizal was then a lonely young
physician, disillusioned by his frustrated romance with Leonor Rivera and burdened by soured
hopes for justice in his country. O-Sei-San provided the beautiful escape that he deeply needed,
and he saw in her the qualities of his ideal woman. He was her first LOVE.
Because of his deep affection for her, Rizal was almost tempted to settle down in Japan.
Conveniently enough, he was also offered a good position at the Spanish Legation during that
time. Rizal, however, had set his sights on other matters. He decided to leave Japan and forget
his romance, which pained him gravely as attested by an entry in his diary. His 45-day sojourn in
Japan was one of the happiest interludes in his life.
GE RTR UD E B E CKE TT: A CHISE LE D B E A UTY
In May 1888 Rizal visited London for a short time, boarding the house of the Beckett
family: Mr. & Mrs. Beckett, their two sons, and their four daughters. The eldest
daughter was named Gertrude.
Gertrude was a buxom young lady with blue eyes and brown hair. She fell in love
with Rizal and gave him all of her attention during the family picnics and gatherings.
When Rizal stayed indoors during rainy days painting and sculpting, she helped him
mix his colors and prepare his clay.
Rizal enjoyed her company. Eventually their flirtatious friendship drifted towards a
blossoming romance. He affectionately called her "Gettie," and in return she called
him "Pettie.“
Rizal withdrew before his relationship with Gettie could become more serious,
realizing that he had a greater mission to fulfill and that in order to accomplish it he
could not yield to the option of marrying her. He suppressed the yearnings of his
heart and decided to leave so that the lady may forget him. Before he did, however,
he finished a number of sculptural works, one of which was a carving of the heads of
the Beckett sisters.
S U Z A N N E J A C O BY: A L OV E U N R E Q U I T E D
Suzanne fell in love with Rizal, and wept when he left for Madrid in July 1890. She wrote
to him in French:
"Where are you now? Do you think of me once in a while? I am reminded of our tender
conversations, reading your letter, although it is cold and indifferent. Here in your letter I
have something which makes up for your absence. How pleased I would be to follow you,
to travel with you who are always in my thoughts.
You wish me all kinds of luck, but forget that in the absence of a beloved one a tender
heart cannot feel happy.
A thousand things serve to distract your mind, my friend; but in my case, I am sad, lonely,
always alone with my thoughts -- nothing, absolutely nothing relieves my sorrow. Are you
coming back? That's what I want and desire most ardently -- you cannot refuse me.
I do not despair and I limit myself to murmuring against time which runs so fast when it
carries us toward a separation, but goes so slowly when it's bringing us together again.
I feel very unhappy thinking that perhaps I might never see you again.
Goodbye! You know with one word you can make me very happy. Aren't you going to
write to me?"
NELLIE BOUSTEAD: A FAILED PROPOSAL
n 1891, Rizal took a vacation in Biarritz in order to find reprieve from his troubles in Madrid.
He was a guest of the Boustead family in their winter residence, Villa Eliada. Mr. and Mrs.
Boustead had two beautiful daughters, Adelina and Nellie.
After having lamented his frustrated romance with Leonor Rivera on account of the lady's
engagement to another man, Rizal came to develop considerable affection for Nellie, the
prettier and younger daughter of Mr. Eduardo Boustead. He found her to be intelligent,
morally upright, and full of life. Rizal wrote to his closest friends about his intention to marry
her
Rizal's friends were delighted to hear that he had found a suitable girl whom he at last wished
to settle down with. Even Antonio Luna, who had previously loved Nellie, encouraged Rizal to
court her and ask for her hand in marriage. With all the encouragement from the friends he
held dear, Rizal wooed Nellie (also called Nelly) who, in turn, returned his affections.
Rizal's marriage proposal failed for two reasons: first, Nellie demanded that he give up his
Catholic faith and convert to Protestantism, which was her religion. Rizal did not like this
idea. Second, Nelly's mother did not approve of Rizal, as she had no desire to entrust her
daughter to a man who was wanting in wealth and persecuted in his own country. In spite of
the circumstances, Rizal and Nellie parted as good friends.
J O S E P H I N E B R A C K E N: T R U E L O V E I N E X I L E
Rizal's exile in Dapitan was one of the most lonesome and sorrowful periods of his life. He missed the
company of his friends and family, and the death of Leonor Rivera on August 28, 1893 left a gaping void in his
heart.
osephine Bracken arrived at the shores of Dapitan accompanying her blind adoptive father, Mr. George
Taufer. No ophthalmologist in Hong Kong, their home country, could cure the man's blindness and so they
sought the services of the famous Dr. Jose Rizal.
Rizal and Josephine fell in love at first sight. Their romantic interlude went on for about a month, after which
they decided to marry. The priest of Dapitan, however, refused to conduct the ceremony without consent from
the Bishop of Cebu.
When Mr. Taufer heard of his daughter's plan to marry he became so enraged at the thought of losing
Josephine that he attempted to kill himself with a razor to his throat. Rizal prevented this tragedy by holding
the man's wrists back. Josephine left with her father on the first available steamer to Manila in order to avoid
more trouble. Since Mr. Taufer's blindness was venereal in nature, it was incurable.
Mr. Taufer went back to Hong Kong alone, and Josephine stayed in Manila with Rizal's family. At length, she
returned to Dapitan. Since no priest would marry them, Rizal and Josephine held hands, exchanged vows, and
married themselves before God.
Rizal and Josephine lived together in Dapitan as husband and wife, and in early 1896 they were expecting a
baby. Unfortunately, Josephine had to go into premature labor after Rizal played a prank and frightened her. A
little boy of eight months was born, who lived for only three hours. Rizal named him Francisco in honor of his
father, and buried the child in Dapitan.
After five years of memorabale sojourn in europe , he returned to the philipines
Decision to returned home:• To operate his mothers eyes.• To serve his people who had long been oppressed by spanish
tyrants.• To find out for himself how the Noli and his writings were affecting
filipinos and spaniards in the philippines.• To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained silent.
Noli Me Tángere (Touch me Not / Don't touch me)
is a novel written by José Rizal, the national hero of
the Philippines, during the
colonization of the country by Spain to expose the
inequities of the Spanish Catholic priests and the
ruling government. The title, in Latin meaning Touch
me not, refers to John 20:17 in the Bible (
King James Version) as Mary Magdalene tried to
touch the newly risen Jesus, He said "Touch me not
; for I am not yet ascended to my Father."[1] Early
English translations of the novel used titles like An
Eagle Flight (1900) and The Social Cancer (1912),
disregarding the symbolism of the title, but the more
recent translations were published using the
original Latin title. It has also been noted by French
writer D. Blumentritt that “Noli me tangere” was a
name used by ophthalmologists for cancer of the
eyelids. That as an ophthalmologist himself Rizal was
influenced by this fact is suggested in his dedication,
“To My Country”.
TWO FAMOUS BOOKS
El Filibusterismo (lit. Spanish for "The Filibustering"[1]
), also known by its English alternate title The Reign of
Greed,[2] is the second novel written by Philippine
national hero José Rizal. It is the sequel to Noli Me
Tángere and, like the first book, was written in Spanish.
It was first published in 1891 in Ghent, Belgium.
The novel's dark theme departs dramatically from the
previous novel's hopeful and romantic atmosphere,
signifying the character Ibarra's resort to solving his
country's issues through violent means, after his previous
attempt at reforming the country's system have made no
effect and seemed impossible with the attitudes of the
Spaniards towards the Filipinos. The novel along with its
predecessor were banned in some parts of the Philippines
as a result of their portrayals of the Spanish
government's abuse and corruption. These novels along
with Rizal's involvement in organizations that aim to
address and reform the Spanish system and its issues led
to Rizal's exile to Dapitan and eventual execution. Both
the novel and its predecessor, along with
Rizal's last poem, are now considered Rizal's literary
masterpieces
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
Propaganda Movement
he Propaganda Movement was a literary
and cultural organization formed in 1872 by
Filipino émigrés who had settled in Europe.
Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872
and students attending Europe's universities,
the organization aimed to increase Spanish
awareness of the needs of its colony, the
Philippines. Its prominent members included
José Rizal, author of Noli Me Tangere (novel)
and El Filibusterismo, Graciano López Jaena,
publisher of La Solidaridad, the movement's
principal organ, Mariano Ponce, the
organization's secretary[1] and
Marcelo H. del Pilar.
ORGANIZATIONS
Goals Specifically, the Propagandists aims were:
Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes
Generales, the Spanish parliament;
Secularization of the clergy;
Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
Creation of a Public school (government
funded)public school system independent of the friars;
Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala
(forced sale of local products to the government).
Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech|speech and
Freedom of association.
Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter
government service;
Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain;
Secularization of Philippine parishes;
Recognition of human rights
La Solidaridad (The Solidarity) was an
organization created in Spain on December 13,
1888. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in
1872 and students attending Europe's
universities, the organization aimed to increase
Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the
Philippines, and to propagate a closer
relationship between the colony and Spain.[1]
Headed by José Rizal's cousin, Galicano
Apacible, it also issued a newspaper of the same
name which was published in Barcelona, Spain on
February 15, 1889. It was edited by Graciano
López Jaena and later on by Marcelo H. del Pilar.
[2] The newspaper published not only articles and
essays about the economic, cultural, political, and
social conditions of the country, but also current
news, both local and foreign, and speeches of
prominent Spanish leaders about the Philippines.
LA SOLIDARIDAD
La Liga Filipina was a civic organization
founded by the Philippine National Hero,
Jose Rizal in July 3, 1892 in Tondo, Manila. As
the founder and consultant of the said
organization, Rizal also prepared the
Constitution of La Liga Filipina (La Constitución
de La Liga Filipina). The constitution was partly
printed in London, at the London Printing Press,
No. 25 Khulug St. in both Spanish and Tagalog.
But in Retana's account of The Liga in Nuestro
Tiempo, he stated that the constitution of La
Liga Filipina was printed in Hong Kong, when in
fact, the constitution was indeed printed in
Hong Kong. The London printing was
deliberately mentioned so as to mislead the
Spanish authorities. Rizal sent a copy of the
draft to Jose Basa, who later had it printed and
smuggled to the Philippines.
LA L IGA F IL IP IN A
EXILE IN DAPITAN
Rizal was implicated in the activities of nascent rebellion so he was
deported to Dapitan.
In Dapitan he built a school, hospital, and a water supply system.
RIZALS FINAL HOURS
-Rizal washes up , takes breakfast , attend to his personal needs.
-He writes a letter to his parents, read bible and meditates.
Facing the firing squad who will kill him, Rizal still had a
normal pulse. When he was shot, he still managed to face
the morning sun. His last words were “ Consummatum” it
is finished.
Presented by:
Cañares Maria Rose
Theresa