the linkages between livelihoods and gender concepts
TRANSCRIPT
THE LINKAGES BETWEEN LIVELIHOODS AND GENDER CONCEPTS
THE LINKAGES BETWEEN LIVELIHOODS AND GENDER CONCEPTS
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF LIVELIHOODS?
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF LIVELIHOODS?
LIVELIHOODS ARE THE MECHANISMS UNDER WHICH THE HOUSEHOLD COVERS ITS NEEDS AND COPE WITH
EXTERNAL SHOCKS.
LIVELIHOODS ARE THE MECHANISMS UNDER WHICH THE HOUSEHOLD COVERS ITS NEEDS AND COPE WITH
EXTERNAL SHOCKS.
WHAT IS THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS APPROACH?
WHAT IS THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS APPROACH?
* AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH WHICH USES LIVELIHOODS ANALYSIS AS THE BASIS FOR
PROJECTS AND POLICY FORMULATION
* AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH WHICH USES LIVELIHOODS ANALYSIS AS THE BASIS FOR
PROJECTS AND POLICY FORMULATION
* LIVELIHOODS ANALYSIS IS UNDERTAKEN WITHIN THE VULNERABILITY CONTEXT OF THE GROUPS
AFFECTED AND
* LIVELIHOODS ANALYSIS IS UNDERTAKEN WITHIN THE VULNERABILITY CONTEXT OF THE GROUPS
AFFECTED AND
* WITHIN THE GIVEN MACRO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK OF THE COUNTRY
* WITHIN THE GIVEN MACRO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK OF THE COUNTRY
LIVELIHOODS ANALYSISLIVELIHOODS ANALYSIS
• THE UNIT OF ANALYSIS IS THE HOUSEHOLD• THE UNIT OF ANALYSIS IS THE HOUSEHOLD
• EXPLORES THE ASSETS/RESOURCES WHICH THE HOUSEHOLD HAS AT ITS DISPOSAL TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS:
• EXPLORES THE ASSETS/RESOURCES WHICH THE HOUSEHOLD HAS AT ITS DISPOSAL TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS:
• HUMAN CAPITAL
• NATURAL CAPITAL
• FINANCIAL CAPITAL
• SOCIAL CAPITAL
• PHYSICAL CAPITAL
• HUMAN CAPITAL
• NATURAL CAPITAL
• FINANCIAL CAPITAL
• SOCIAL CAPITAL
• PHYSICAL CAPITAL
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS FRAMEWORK
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS FRAMEWORK
GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS APPROACHES (SLA)
GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS APPROACHES (SLA)
A. BE PEOPLE CENTREDA. BE PEOPLE CENTRED
B. BE HOLISTICB. BE HOLISTIC
C. USE MICRO-MACRO LINKSC. USE MICRO-MACRO LINKS
D. AIM AT SUSTAINIBILITYD. AIM AT SUSTAINIBILITY
SUITABLE ELEMENTS FROM THE SLA TO DISASTER ’ S MATTERS
SUITABLE ELEMENTS FROM THE SLA TO DISASTER ’ S MATTERS
a. SLAS REQUIRE A MORE SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY AND ASSETS OF PEOPLE WHICH MAKES IT EASIER TO IDENTIFY MORE APPROPRIATE ENTRY POINTS.
a. SLAS REQUIRE A MORE SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY AND ASSETS OF PEOPLE WHICH MAKES IT EASIER TO IDENTIFY MORE APPROPRIATE ENTRY POINTS.
B. APPLYING THE SLA FRAMEWORK REVEALS HOW THE INABILITY OF THE POOR TO COPE WITH EXTERNAL
SHOCKS INCREASES VULNERABILITY
B. APPLYING THE SLA FRAMEWORK REVEALS HOW THE INABILITY OF THE POOR TO COPE WITH EXTERNAL
SHOCKS INCREASES VULNERABILITY
C. SLAS ALSO IMPROVE THE RELEVANCE OF INTERVENTIONS WITH A POVERTY FOCUS.
C. SLAS ALSO IMPROVE THE RELEVANCE OF INTERVENTIONS WITH A POVERTY FOCUS.
FROM OVERARCHING LESSONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SLA APROACHESFROM OVERARCHING LESSONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SLA APROACHES
A . DEVELOP A SHARED VISION OF CHANGE…..THE POOR HAVE PROBLEMS AND WEAKNESSES. THEY ALSO HAVE STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES, AND THEY OFTEN HAVE CLEAR ASPIRATIONS OF WHERE THEY WANT TO BE IN THE FUTURE.
A . DEVELOP A SHARED VISION OF CHANGE…..THE POOR HAVE PROBLEMS AND WEAKNESSES. THEY ALSO HAVE STRENGTHS AND OPPORTUNITIES, AND THEY OFTEN HAVE CLEAR ASPIRATIONS OF WHERE THEY WANT TO BE IN THE FUTURE.
B. DATA PRODUCED FROM LIVELIHOODS ANALYSES SHOULD ALWAYS BE DISAGGREGATED BY GENDER, AGE AND SOCIO ECONOMIC STRATUM.
B. DATA PRODUCED FROM LIVELIHOODS ANALYSES SHOULD ALWAYS BE DISAGGREGATED BY GENDER, AGE AND SOCIO ECONOMIC STRATUM.
FRAMEWORK FOR THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF VULNERABILITY TO A NATURAL DISASTER
FRAMEWORK FOR THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF VULNERABILITY TO A NATURAL DISASTER
Exposure to natural disaster
Female
-headed household
Low health status
Nation
(Individual,
Household or
Community)
Living in disaster prone areas
Sub standard housing
Adequate level education
Social Susceptibility Social Resilience
Health well-being
Strength of social capital
Economic well
-being
Measure of social vulnerabilityLow level of economic well
-beingAdequate levels of housing
Exposure to natural disaster
Female
-headed household
Low health status
Nation
(Individual,
Household or
Community)
Living in disaster prone areas
Sub standard housing
Adequate level education
Social Susceptibility Social Resilience
Health well-being
Strength of social capital
Economic well
-being
Measure of social vulnerabilityLow level of economic well
-beingAdequate levels of housing
RESILIENCE DEFINEDRESILIENCE DEFINED
“THE CAPACITY OF A SYSTEM , COMMUNITY OR SOCIETY, POTENTIALLY EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
TO ADAPT, BY RESISTING OR CHANGING IN ORDER TO REACH AND MAINTAIN AN
ACCEPTABLE LEVEL OF FUNCTIONING AND STRUCTURE.”
“THE CAPACITY OF A SYSTEM , COMMUNITY OR SOCIETY, POTENTIALLY EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
TO ADAPT, BY RESISTING OR CHANGING IN ORDER TO REACH AND MAINTAIN AN
ACCEPTABLE LEVEL OF FUNCTIONING AND STRUCTURE.”
SOCIO ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE REGIONS AFFECTED BY THE HURRICANE
STAN IN GUATEMALA
SOCIO ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE REGIONS AFFECTED BY THE HURRICANE
STAN IN GUATEMALA
1. - HIGH INCIDENCE OF POVERTY: 61,4%1. - HIGH INCIDENCE OF POVERTY: 61,4%
2. - IN INDIGENOUS-HEADED HOUSEHOLD EXTREME POVERTY IS 30.8%, IN NON- INDIGENOUS HOUSEHOLDS IS 12.9%2. - IN INDIGENOUS-HEADED HOUSEHOLD EXTREME POVERTY IS 30.8%, IN NON- INDIGENOUS HOUSEHOLDS IS 12.9%
3. - HIGH MARGINALIZATION OF POOR PEOPLE (HIGH PERCENTAGE OF INDIGENOUS POPULATION: MORE THEN 60%. IN SOLOLÁ 95%)
3. - HIGH MARGINALIZATION OF POOR PEOPLE (HIGH PERCENTAGE OF INDIGENOUS POPULATION: MORE THEN 60%. IN SOLOLÁ 95%)
4. - LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ( HDI FOR INDIGENOUS POPULATION UNDER THE NATIONAL AVERAGE)4. - LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ( HDI FOR INDIGENOUS POPULATION UNDER THE NATIONAL AVERAGE)
SOCIO ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE REGIONS AFFECTED BY THE HURRICANE STAN IN GUATEMALA
ARE:
SOCIO ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE REGIONS AFFECTED BY THE HURRICANE STAN IN GUATEMALA
ARE:
1. EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN UNDER THE NATIONAL AVERAGE.1. EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN UNDER THE NATIONAL AVERAGE.
2. HIGH PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS HEADED BY WOMEN (16 % - 30%)2. HIGH PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS HEADED BY WOMEN (16 % - 30%)
3. HIGH PERCENTAGE OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WITH SMALL LAND ASSETS (SUBSISTENCE FARMING)
3. HIGH PERCENTAGE OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WITH SMALL LAND ASSETS (SUBSISTENCE FARMING)
4. FRAGILE SOCIAL FABRIC BECAUSE OF MIGRATION, MARGINALIZATION AND SOCIAL PRESSURE.
4. FRAGILE SOCIAL FABRIC BECAUSE OF MIGRATION, MARGINALIZATION AND SOCIAL PRESSURE.
5. HIGH DEGRADATION OF ECOSYSTEMS. 5. HIGH DEGRADATION OF ECOSYSTEMS.
6. SMALL BUSINESSES (SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY) IN THE HOUSEHOLDS, WITHOUT INSURANCES.
6. SMALL BUSINESSES (SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY) IN THE HOUSEHOLDS, WITHOUT INSURANCES.
HIGH VULNERABILITY !!HIGH VULNERABILITY !!
EFFECTS OF DISASTER IN AFFECTED REGIONS IN GUATEMALA
EFFECTS OF DISASTER IN AFFECTED REGIONS IN GUATEMALA
DESTRUCTION OF 5475 HOUSINGS LOSS OF 800 SMALL BUSINESSESDESTRUCTION OF 5475 HOUSINGS LOSS OF 800 SMALL BUSINESSES
165 SCHOOL AND 122 CHURCHES
WERE USED AS SHELTERS
165 SCHOOL AND 122 CHURCHES
WERE USED AS SHELTERS4 MILLION Q. COSTS OF REPAIRING4 MILLION Q. COSTS OF REPAIRING
INCREASE OF CHILD WORK AND HIGH RISK OF SCHOOL DESERTION AS A RESULT OF LOW INCOME, JOB AND ASSETS LOSSES IN HOUSEHOLDS.INCREASE OF CHILD WORK AND HIGH RISK OF SCHOOL DESERTION AS A RESULT OF LOW INCOME, JOB AND ASSETS LOSSES IN HOUSEHOLDS.
THE SCHOOL DESERTION IS HIGHER AMONG GIRLS (THEY HAVE TO LOOK AFTER CHILDREN AND TO DO HOMEWORK: “ ANYWAY THE ONLY GOAL OF WOMEN IS TO GET MARRIED” )
THE SCHOOL DESERTION IS HIGHER AMONG GIRLS (THEY HAVE TO LOOK AFTER CHILDREN AND TO DO HOMEWORK: “ ANYWAY THE ONLY GOAL OF WOMEN IS TO GET MARRIED” )
EFFECTS OF DISASTER IN AFFECTED REGIONS IN GUATEMALA
EFFECTS OF DISASTER IN AFFECTED REGIONS IN GUATEMALA
IN HEALTH SYSTEM:IN HEALTH SYSTEM:
A. DAMAGES 3 MILLION QA. DAMAGES 3 MILLION Q
B. LOSSES 79 MILLION QB. LOSSES 79 MILLION Q
LOSSES BY ATTENTION TO EMERGENCIES AND PREVENTION OF EPIDEMICS AMOUNT 96% OF TOTAL LOSSES.
LOSSES BY ATTENTION TO EMERGENCIES AND PREVENTION OF EPIDEMICS AMOUNT 96% OF TOTAL LOSSES.
WOMEN IN THE SLAWOMEN IN THE SLA
ARE WOMEN THE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS?ARE WOMEN THE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS?
- IF NOT, DO WOMEN DO ANYTHING DIFFERENT IN THE HOUSEHOLD TO CONTRIBUTE TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME?
- IF NOT, DO WOMEN DO ANYTHING DIFFERENT IN THE HOUSEHOLD TO CONTRIBUTE TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME?
- HOW HAVE THEY BEEN AFFECTED? - HOW HAVE THEY BEEN AFFECTED?
ENTRY POINT IN ANALYSIS OF FEMALE LIVELIHOODS IN AFFECTED REGIONS IN
GUATEMALA
ENTRY POINT IN ANALYSIS OF FEMALE LIVELIHOODS IN AFFECTED REGIONS IN
GUATEMALA
IMPORTANT TASK OF WOMEN IS TO MAKE HANDCRAFTS, FABRICS AND HUIPILES (ETHNICAL COSTUME)
IMPORTANT TASK OF WOMEN IS TO MAKE HANDCRAFTS, FABRICS AND HUIPILES (ETHNICAL COSTUME)
HIGH PERCENTAGE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WITH HIGH CULTURAL IDENTITY (WOMEN WEAR HUIPILES DAILY )
HIGH PERCENTAGE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WITH HIGH CULTURAL IDENTITY (WOMEN WEAR HUIPILES DAILY )
Why?Why?
THESE ACTIVITIES ARE MEANS TO TRANSFER CULTURAL IDENTITYTHESE ACTIVITIES ARE MEANS TO TRANSFER CULTURAL IDENTITY
THESE ACTIVITIES ARE THEIR IMPORTANT SOURCE OF EARNINGS (WOMEN SELL PRODUCTS IN TOURIST PLACES)
THESE ACTIVITIES ARE THEIR IMPORTANT SOURCE OF EARNINGS (WOMEN SELL PRODUCTS IN TOURIST PLACES)
WHAT IS THE IMPLICATIONS OF LOSSING LIVELIHOODS?
WHAT IS THE IMPLICATIONS OF LOSSING LIVELIHOODS?
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY OF WOMEN AND BREAK IN TRANSFERENCE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE.
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY OF WOMEN AND BREAK IN TRANSFERENCE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE.
BREAK OF THE COMMERCIAL CHAIN OF HANDCRAFTED PRODUCTS IN TOURIST MARKET.BREAK OF THE COMMERCIAL CHAIN OF HANDCRAFTED PRODUCTS IN TOURIST MARKET.
LOSSES OF DESTROYED HUIPILES, FABRICS AND HANDCRAFTED LOOMS COUNTED 42.9 MILLION Q.
(CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF DESTROYED HOMES IN REGIONS WITH MORE THAN 70% OF INDIGENOUS POPULATION AT MARKET PRICES)
LOSSES OF DESTROYED HUIPILES, FABRICS AND HANDCRAFTED LOOMS COUNTED 42.9 MILLION Q.
(CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF DESTROYED HOMES IN REGIONS WITH MORE THAN 70% OF INDIGENOUS POPULATION AT MARKET PRICES)
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DISASTERS (GUYANA)
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DISASTERS (GUYANA)
Issues Female Male Pre Disaster : Differing Vulnerabilities - biological - social - cultural - attitudinal (risk perception)
Reproductive health needs Restricted skill base Exclusion from home construction Low level of risk tolerance
No spec ial restrictions Mobile skills Exclusion from child care responsibilities High level of risk tolerance
Emergency : Differing coping mechanisms
Suffer higher incidence of depression (crying and suicide ideation) Organizing community sing-a-longs and st ory telling
Alcoholism, gambling and dysfunctional behaviour Rescuing villagers and clearing roads
Source: Kambon Asha , 2006
Issues Female Male Pre Disaster : Differing Vulnerabilities - biological - social - cultural - attitudinal (risk perception)
Reproductive health needs Restricted skill base Exclusion from home construction Low level of risk tolerance
No spec ial restrictions Mobile skills Exclusion from child care responsibilities High level of risk tolerance
Emergency : Differing coping mechanisms
Suffer higher incidence of depression (crying and suicide ideation) Organizing community sing-a-longs and st ory telling
Alcoholism, gambling and dysfunctional behaviour Rescuing villagers and clearing roads
Source: Kambon Asha , 2006
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DISASTERS (GUYANA)GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DISASTERS (GUYANA)
Issues Female Male
Transition : (Rehabilitation and Recovery)
Weak access to wage earning possibilities Devoted more time to community and reproductive work ( women prepared one-pot meals for the community)
Easier access to wages/income Spend more ti me in productive work Abandonment of families and responsibilities.
Reconstruction : Differing priorities Differing access to resources Differing access to power in the public sphere
Priorities for shelter, food security, and health care and econo mic activity Women slower to return to labour market Women’s lack of involvement in governance mechanisms. Gender neutral governance mechanisms that don’t recognize changing gender roles and favour male participation.
Priorities for agriculture, Infrastructur al development and economic activity . Men easy acces s to the labour market. Reconstruction programmes that favour male participation
Source: Kambon Asha , 2006
Issues Female Male
Transition : (Rehabilitation and Recovery)
Weak access to wage earning possibilities Devoted more time to community and reproductive work ( women prepared one-pot meals for the community)
Easier access to wages/income Spend more ti me in productive work Abandonment of families and responsibilities.
Reconstruction : Differing priorities Differing access to resources Differing access to power in the public sphere
Priorities for shelter, food security, and health care and econo mic activity Women slower to return to labour market Women’s lack of involvement in governance mechanisms. Gender neutral governance mechanisms that don’t recognize changing gender roles and favour male participation.
Priorities for agriculture, Infrastructur al development and economic activity . Men easy acces s to the labour market. Reconstruction programmes that favour male participation
Source: Kambon Asha , 2006