THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEMTHE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM

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Javier Díaz & Ángel CasadoJavier Díaz & Ángel Casado

1.THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM1.THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM

The locomotor system is made up of the The locomotor system is made up of the

skeletonskeleton and and musculaturemusculature

The SkeletonThe Skeleton

TheThe skeletonskeleton is made up of: is made up of: BonesBones: they are : they are hardhard and and rigid organsrigid organs JointsJoints: they are : they are the unionsthe unions between two between two

or more bones.or more bones. CartilageCartilage: they are : they are more flexiblemore flexible than than

bones.bones.

The MusculatureThe Musculature

The musculatureThe musculature is made up of is made up of all theall the musclesmuscles in the body.Tendons attach in the body.Tendons attach muscles to the bones.muscles to the bones.

TYPES OF MOVEMENTSTYPES OF MOVEMENTS

There are two types of movements:There are two types of movements: Voluntary movementsVoluntary movements: these movements : these movements

respond to an order from the brain.respond to an order from the brain. Involuntary movementsInvoluntary movements: these : these

movements respond to an order from movements respond to an order from other organs:other organs:

1.1. From the From the spinal cordspinal cord

2.2. From the From the brain stembrain stem

2. THE SKELETON2. THE SKELETON

The skeleton is made up of all bones in the The skeleton is made up of all bones in the bodybody

Important bones:Important bones: Head bones:Head bones:

-Skull bones: protect the brain-Skull bones: protect the brain

-Facial bones: like the nasal cheekbones -Facial bones: like the nasal cheekbones and jawbone.and jawbone.

OTHER IMPORTANT BONESOTHER IMPORTANT BONES

Trunk bones: there are two sections:Trunk bones: there are two sections:

-The spine is made up of vertebrae that protect the spinal cord.

-The rib cage is made up of ribs and sternum. It protects the heart and lungs

OTHER IMPORTANTS BONESOTHER IMPORTANTS BONES Limb bones. they can be:Limb bones. they can be:

-Upper limbs: The humerus the ulna and radius.-Upper limbs: The humerus the ulna and radius.

The carpal bones: metacarpals, phalanges.The The carpal bones: metacarpals, phalanges.The clavicle and scapula connect them to the trunk.clavicle and scapula connect them to the trunk.

-Lower limbs: The femur ,tibia and fibula.The -Lower limbs: The femur ,tibia and fibula.The tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges.The tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges.The hip connects them all to the trunk.hip connects them all to the trunk.

JOINTSJOINTS

Fixed: these bones are joined and cannot Fixed: these bones are joined and cannot move. move.

Movable: these bones can move a lot.Movable: these bones can move a lot. Semi-movable: these bones only move a Semi-movable: these bones only move a

little.little.

3. MUSCULATURE3. MUSCULATURE

The musculatureThe musculature is the set of muscles in is the set of muscles in the body.the body.

--LongLong muscles: muscles: like biceps like biceps

--Flat and wideFlat and wide muscles: muscles: like the buttock like the buttock muscles.muscles.

--Round muscles: Round muscles: like mouth or eye like mouth or eye muscles.muscles.

IMPORTANT BODY IMPORTANT BODY MUSCLESMUSCLES

Head muscles: the masseter Head muscles: the masseter muscles,buccinator,the orbicular muscles muscles,buccinator,the orbicular muscles

Trunk muscles:Trunk muscles:

-Neck-Neck-Front-Front-Back-Back

Limb muscles:Limb muscles:

-Upper limbs-Upper limbs-Lower limbs-Lower limbs

TENDONSTENDONS

Tendons are white Tendons are white fibres that connect fibres that connect most muscles to the most muscles to the bonesbones