the long path of the english language. indo-european and germanic influences indo-european family:...
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The long path of the English Language
Indo-European and Germanic influences
Indo-European family:-Latin and The Modern Romance languages;-The Germanic languages;-The Celtic languages;-…
Father-vater;pater;pitr
• Sub-groups of Germanic:• -East Germanic;• -North Germanic;• -West Germanic.
English belongs to the Germanic group of languages
Old English
Main Invasions (500-1100 AD)• The Angles, Saxons and Jutes (5th and 6th
centuries AD)• The Vikings (around 850)• The Norman Conquest (around 1100)
Influences on the Language
• The invaders pushed out the original Celtic-speakers to Scotland, Wales, Cornwall and Ireland.
• Celtic languages survive today in the Gaelic languages of Scotland and Ireland and in Welsh, though Cornish is now a dead language.
• Only about one sixth of the Old English words have survived to this day.
• About half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots (for example: be, water, strong).
The Norman conquest and Middle English
Invasion of England in 1066 AD by the Normandy’s Duke.
Growing influence of Latin. Some French and Germanic
influences in Middle English. The mixture of Anglo-Norman and
Old English formed Middle English. Around 1500 AD, the Modern English
rose.
The Norman conquest and Middle English
EARLY MODERN ENGLISH(1500-1700)
Sónia, Inês Oliveira, Sofia, Marco, Maria Eduarda and Marisa, 12º1
Renaissance
Shakespeare's influence
Major
factors
Late Modern English(1800-up to the present)
Late Modern English(1800-up to the present)
• Main difference: vocabulary;• Historical factors:
Industrial and scientific Revolution: Created a need for neologisms Latin + Greek + English roots
Most visible in the fields of eletronics and computers.
Rise of the Bristish Empire:Introduced English to the world Virtually every languages has
contributed to its development
Two world wars: big military influence on the languages
Late-Modern English
American English
American English• Creation: • Year 1600 AD ; • Settlement of English colonies in North
America.
• “Americanisms” are British words that colonies continued to use unlike Britain.
• Examples:– Fall-Autumn ;– Trash-Rubbish; – Loan-Lend
• American English introduced:
• Native American words (Mississippi; Roanoke; Iowa; Racoon; Tomato; Canoe; Savanna; Hickory)
• Indian sounding words (Idaho)
• Louisiana;
• Goober;• Gumbo; • Mustang; • Vigilante.
The influence of… Spanish, French and African languages
