The Longman Anthologyof British Literature

David DatnroschGeneral Editor

VOLUME 1

THE MIDDLE AGESChristopher Baswell and Anne Howland Schotter

THE EARLY MODERN PERIODConstance Jordan and Clare Carroll

THE RESTORATION AND THE 18TH CENTURYStuart Sherman

NGMANj imprint pI'M^IsokWesley Longman, Inc.

New York • Readings ij S&H^MMeii'S.* Menlojrark, California • Harlow, EnglandDon Mills.'Ohtario •Sydney •( Mexico City • Madrid • Amsterdam

CONTENTS

Preface xxix

Acknowledgments xxxv

The Middle Ages 2

Before the Norman Conquest

BEOWULF 27

THE TAIN BO CUAILNGE 95The Pillow Talk 97The Tain Begins 103The Last Battle 104

JUDITH 114

THE DREAM OF THE ROOD 120

PERSPECTIVES: ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS ENCOUNTERS 124BEDE 126

from An Ecclesiastical History of the English People 126BISHOP ASSER 131

from The Life of King Alfred 132KING ALFRED 134

Preface to Saint Gregory's Pastoral Care 134OHTHERE'S JOURNEYS 135THE ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE 138

Stamford Bridge and Hastings 138

TALIESIN 139Urien Yrechwydd 140The Battle of Argoed Llwyfain 141The War-Band's Return 141Lament for Owain Son of Urien 143

THE WANDERER 143

WULF AND EADWACER and THE WIFE'S LAMENT 146

vi Contents

RIDDLES 149Three Anglo-Latin Riddles by Aldhelm 150Five Old English Riddles 150

After the Norman Conquest

PERSPECTIVES: ARTHURIAN MYTH IN THE HISTORY OF BRITAIN 152GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH 153

from History of the Kings of Britain 155GERALD OF WALES 165

from The Instruction of Princes 165EDWARD I 167

Letter sent to the Papal Court 167COMPANION READING

A Report to Edward I 169

Arthurian Romance 170

MARIE DE FRANCE 170

LAIS 171Prologue 171Lanval 172

SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT 185

SIR THOMAS MALORY 242

MORTE DARTHUR 243from Caxton's Prologue 243The Miracle of Galahad 245The Poisoned Apple 252The Day of Destiny 262

GEOFFREY CHAUCER 272The Parliament of Fowls 276

THE CANTERBURY TALES 293The General Prologue 293The Miller's Tale 313

The Introduction 314The Tale 315

The Wife of Bath's Prologue 329The Wife of Bath's Tale 348The Pardoner's Prologue 357The Pardoner's Tale 361The Nun's Priest's Tale 372

Contents

The Parson's Tale 387The Introduction 388from The Tale 389

The Remedy for the Sin of Lechery 390Chaucer's Retraction 392

To His Scribe Adam 392Complaint to His Purse 393

WILLIAM LANGLAND 394

Piers Plowman 396Prologue 396Passus 2 401Passus 6 406Passus 18 414

PIERS PLOWMAN IN CONTEXT: The Rising of 1381 425from The Anonimalle Chronicle [Wat Tyler's Demands to Richard II,

and His Death] 426Three Poems on the Rising of 1381 John Ball's First Letter 431 •

John Ball's Second Letter 431 • The Course of Revolt 432John Gower from The Voice of One Crying 434

Mystical Writings 437RICHARD ROLLE 438

The Fire of Love 438Prologue 438Chapter 2. No one attains supreme devotion quickly 440Chapter 12. About not judging another, but rather giving thanks 441Chapter 15. How and when he was urged to the solitary life 442

from THE CLOUD OF UNKNOWING 445

JULIAN OF NORWICH 447

A Book of Showings 448[Three Graces. Illness. The First Relevation] 448[Christ Draws Julian in Through His Wound] 452[The Necessity of Sin, and of Hating Sin] 453[God as Father, Mother, Husband] 455[The Meaning of the Visions Is Love] 460

THE SECOND PLAY OF THE SHEPHERDS 461

viii Contents

Literature of Travel: Marvels and Pilgrimage 481

THE VOYAGE OF SAINT BRENDAN 482from The Voyage of Saint Brendan 483

SIR JOHN MANDEVILLE 492The Travels of Sir John Mandeville 493

from Chapter 30. Of the royal estate of Prester John 493from Chapter 31. Of the head of the devil in the Vale Perilous 496Chapter 33. Of the mountains of gold, -which the ants -watch over 498

MARGERY KEMPE 500The Book of Margery Kempe 502

The Preface 502[Life and Temptations, Revelation, Desire for Foreign Pilgrimage] 502[Visit with Julian of Norwich] 512[Pilgrimage to Jerusalem] 514[Mystic Marriage with God] 518

MIDDLE ENGLISH LYRICS , 520The Cuckoo Song ("Sumer is icumen in") 522Spring ("Lenten is come with love to toune") 523Alisoun ("Bitwene Mersh and Averil") 523I Have a Noble Cock 525My Lefe Is Faren in a Lond 525Fowles in the Frith 525Abuse of Women ("In every place ye may well see") 525The Irish Dancer ("Gode sire pray ich thee") 527A Forsaken Maiden's Lament ("I lovede a child of this cuntree") 527The Wily Clerk ("This enther day I mete a clerke") 528Jolly Jankin ("As I went on Yol Day in our procession") 528Adam Lay Ibounden 530I Sing of a Maiden 530In Praise of Mary ("Edi be thu, Hevene Quene") 531Mary Is with Child ("Under a tree") 532Sweet Jesus, King of Bliss 533Now Goeth Sun under Wood 534Jesus, My Sweet Lover ("Jesu Christ, my lemmon swete") 535Contempt of the World ("Where beth they biforen us weren") 535

THE TALE OF TALIESIN 536

DAFYDD AP GWILYM 549Aubade 551One Saving Place 552The Girls of Llanbadarn 553

Contents ix

Tale of a Wayside Inn 554The Hateful Husband 556The Winter 557The Ruin 558

Middle Scots Poets 558WILLIAM DUNBAR 559

Lament for the Makars 559Done Is a Battell 562In Secreit Place This Hyndir Nycht 563

ROBERT HENRYSON 564Robene and Makyne 565

The Early Modern Period 568

JOHN SKELTON 589Philip Sparrow 590

SIR THOMAS WYATT 619The Long Love, That in My Thought Doth Harbor 620

COMPANION READINGPetrarch, Sonnet 140 621

Whoso List to Hunt 621COMPANION READINGPetrarch, Sonnet 190 622

My Galley 622They Flee from Me 623Some Time I Fled the Fire 623My Lute, Awake! 623Tagus, Farewell 624Forget Not Yet 624Blame Not My Lute 625Lucks, My Fair Falcon, and Your Fellows All 626Stand Whoso List 626Mine Own John Poyns 627

HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF SURREY 629Love That Doth Reign and Live within My Thought 630Th'Assyrians' King, in Peace with Foul Desire 630Set Me Whereas the Sun Doth Parch the Green 630The Soote Season 631Alas, So All Things Now Do Hold Their Peace 631

COMPANION READINGPetrarch, Sonnet 164 631

So Cruel Prison 632London, Hast Thou Accused Me 633

x Contents

Wyatt Resteth Here 635My Radcliffe, When Thy Reckless Youth Offends 636

SIR THOMAS MORE 636

Utopia 637

PERSPECTIVES: GOVERNMENT AND SELF-GOVERNMENT 707

WILLIAM TYNDALE 708

from The Obedience of a Christian Man 708JUAN LUIS VIVES 709

from Instruction of a Christian Woman 709SIR THOMAS ELYOT 710

from The Book Named the Governor 711from The Defence of Good Women 712

JOHNPONET 713from A Short Treatise of Political Power 713

JOHNFOXE 715from The Book of Martyrs 716

RICHARD HOOKER 718

from The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity 718JAMES I (JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND) 720

from The True Law of Free Monarchies 721BALDASSARE CASTIGLIONE 722

from The Book of the Courtier 723ROGER ASCHAM 724

from The Schoolmaster 724RICHARD MULCASTER 726

from The First Part of the Elementary 726

GEORGE GASCOIGNE 728

Seven Sonnets to Alexander Neville 728Woodmanship 731

EDMUND SPENSER 735

The Shepheardes Calender 736October 736

THE FAERIE QUEENE 740A Letter of the Authors 741Book 1 744Book 2, Canto 12 879Amoretti 898

1 ("Happy ye leaves when as those lilly hands") 8984 ("New yeare forth looking out of Janus gate") 89813 ("In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth") 89822 ("This holy season fit to fast and pray") 89962 ("The weary yeare his race now having run") 899

Contents xi

65 ("The doubt which ye misdeeme, fayre love, is vaine") 89966 ("To all those happy blessings which ye have") 90068 ("The most glorious Lord of lyfe that on this day") 90075 ("One day I wrote her name upon the strand") 901

Epithalamion 901

SIR PHILIP SIDNEY 9 1 1

The Apology for Poetry 913

THE APOLOGY IN CONTEXT: The Art of Poetry 946Stephen Gosson from The School of Abuse 946George Puttenham from The Art of English Poesie 948George Gascoigne from Certain Notes of Instruction 950Samuel Daniel from A Defense of Rhyme 952

The Arcadia 954Book 1 954

Astrophil and Stella 9871 ("Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show") 98731 ("With how sad steps, O Moon, thou climb'st the skies") 98739 ("Come sleep, O sleep, the certain knot of peace") 98845 ("Stella oft sees the very face of woe") 98860 ("When my good Angel guides me to the place") 98871 ("Who will in fairest book of Nature know") 989Fourth song ("Only joy, now here you are") 989Eighth song ("In a grove most rich of shade") 990106 ("O absent presence, Stella is not here") 993108 ("When sorrow (using mine own fire's might)") 993

ISABELLA WHITNEY 9 9 4

I. W. To Her Unconstant Lover 994The Admonition by the Author 998A Careful Complaint by the Unfortunate Author 1001The Manner of Her Will 1002

MARY HERBERT, COUNTESS OF PEMBROKE 1010

Even Now That Care 1010To Thee Pure Sprite 1013Psalm 71: In Te Domini Speravi ("On thee my trust is grounded") 1015

COMPANION READING

Miles Coverdale: Psalm 71 1018Psalm 121: Levavi Oculos ("Unto the hills, I now will bend") 1018The Doleful Lay of Clorinda 1019

ELIZABETH I 1021

Written with a Diamond on Her Window at Woodstock 1023Written on a Wall at Woodstock 1024

xii Contents

The Doubt of Future Foes 1024On Monsieur's Departure 1024Psalm 13 ("Fools that true faith yet never had") 1025The Metres of Boethius's Consolation of Philosophy 1025

Book 1, No. 2 ("O in how headlong depth the drowned mind is dim") 1025Book 1, No. 7 ("Dim clouds") 1026Book 2, No. 3 ("In pool when Phoebus with reddy wain") 1027

SPEECHES 1027On Marriage 1027On Mary, Queen of Scots 1028On Mary's Execution 1031To the English Troops at Tilbury 1033The Golden Speech 1034

AEMILIA LANYER 1 0 3 6

The Description of Cookham 1036Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum 1041

To the Doubtful Reader 1041To the Virtuous Reader 1041[Invocation] 1042[Against Beauty Without Virtue] 1043[Pilate's Wife Apologizes for Eve] 1044

SIR WALTER RALEIGH 1 0 4 6

Nature That Washed Her Hands in Milk 1047To the Queen 1048On the Life of Man 1049The Author's Epitaph, Made by Himself 1049As You Came from the Holy Land 1049from The 21st and Last Book of the Ocean to Cynthia 1051The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana 1055

from Epistle Dedicatory 1055To the Reader 1057[The Amazons] 1060[The Orinoco] 1061[The King of Aromaia] 1062[The New World of Guiana] 1064

THE DISCOVERY IN CONTEXT: Voyage Literature 1066Arthur Barlow from The First Voyage Made to the Coasts of America 1067Thomas Hariot from A Brief and True Report of the Newfound Land

of Virginia 1071Rene Landonniere from A Notable History Containing Four Voyages

Made to Florida 1074Michel de Montaigne from Of Cannibals 1077

RICHARD BARNFIELD 1078The Affectionate Shepherd 1079

Contents xiii

Sonnets from Cynthia 1095I ("Sporting at fancy, setting light by love") 10955 ("It is reported of fair Thetis' son") 10959 ("Diana (on a time) walking the wood") 1096II ("Sighing, and sadly sitting by my love") 109613 ("Speak, Echo, tell; how may I call my love?") 109619 ("Ah no; nor I myself: though my pure love") 1097

CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE 1098The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 1098

COMPANION READINGSir Walter Raleigh: The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd 1099

Hero and Leander 1100The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus 1117

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 1166

SONNETS 11691 ("From fairest creatures we desire increase") 116912 ("When I do count the clock that tells the time") 116915 ("When I consider every thing that grows") 117018 ("Shall I compare thee to a summer's day") 117020 ("A woman's face with Nature's own hand painted") 117029 ("When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes") 117131 ("Thy bosom is endeared with all hearts") 117133 ("Full many a glorious morning have I seen") 117135 ("No more be grieved at that which thou hast done") 117255 ("Not marble nor the gilded monuments") 117260 ("like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore") 117273 ("That time of year thou mayst in me behold") 117380 ("O, how I faint when I of you do write") 117386 ("Was it the proud full sail of his great verse") 117387 ("Farewell! Thou art too dear for my possessing") 117493 ("So shall I live, supposing thou art true") 1174104 ("To me, fair friend, you never can be old") 1175106 ("When in the chronicle of wasted time") 1175107 ("Not mine own fears nor the prophetic soul") 1175116 ("Let me not to the marriage of true minds") 1176123 ("No, Time, thou shalt not boast that I do change") 1176124 ("If my dear love were but the child of state") 1176126 ("O thou, my lovely boy, who in thy power") 1177130 ("My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun") 1177138 ("When my love swears that she is made of truth") 1178144 ("Two loves I have, of comfort and despair") 1178152 ("In loving thee thou know'st I am forsworn") 1178

Othello, the Moor of Venice 1179

xiv Contents

OTHELLO IN CONTEXT: Ethnography in the Literature

of Travel and Colonization 1261Peter Martyr from Decades of the New World 1261 • ••.Pliny the Elder from The History of the World 1265Leo Africanus from The History and Description of Africa 1265Edmund Spenser from A View of the Present State of Ireland 1271Sir John Smith from The General History of Virginia, New England and the

Summer Isles 1273

ELIZABETH CARY 1275

The Tragedy of Mariam, The Fair Queen of Jewry 1277

PERSPECTIVES: TRACTS ON WOMEN AND GENDER 1329DESIDERIUS ERASMUS 1330

from In Laude and Praise of Matrimony 1331BARNABERICHE 1332

from My Lady's Looking Glass 1332MARGARET TYLER 1333

from Preface to The First Part of the Mirror of Princely Deeds 1334JOSEPH SWETNAM 1335

from The Arraignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Inconstant Women 1336RACHEL SPEGHT 1338

from A Muzzle for Melastomus 1339ESTHER SOWERNAM 1344

from Ester Hath Hanged Haman 1344HIC MULIER AND HAEC VIR 1347

from Hic-Mulier; or, The Man-Woman 1348from Haec Vir; or, The Womanish Man 1350

THOMAS DEKKER and THOMAS MIDDLETON 1355

The Roaring Girl; or, Moll Cut-Purse 1357

THE ROARING GIRL IN CONTEXT: City Life 1425

Bamabe Riche from My Lady's Looking Glass 1427Robert Greene from A Notable Discovery of Cosenage 1428Thomas Dekker from Lantern and Candlelight 1429Thomas Deloney from Thomas of Reading 1432Thomas Nashe from Pierce Penniless 1439King James I from A Counterblast to Tobacco 1441

BENJONSON 1443

Volpone; or, The Fox 1444On Something, That Walks Somewhere 1531On My First Daughter 1531To John Donne 1532On My First Son 1532Inviting a Friend to Supper 1532ToPenshurst 1533SongtoCelia 1535

Contents xv

Queen and Huntress 1536To the Memory of My Beloved, the Author, Mr. William Shakespeare,

and What He Hath Left Us 1536To the Immortal Memory, and Friendship of that Noble Pair, Sir Lucius

Cary and Sir H. Morison 1538Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue 1541

JOHN D O N N E 1 5 4 9

The Good Morrow 1550Song ("Go, and catch a falling star") 1551The Undertaking 1552The Sun Rising 1552The Indifferent 1553The Canonization 1554Air and Angels 1555Break of Day 1555A Valediction: of Weeping 1556Love's Alchemy 1557The Flea 1557The Bait 1558The Apparition 1558A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 1559The Ecstasy 1560The Funeral 1562The Relic 1562Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going to Bed 1563Holy Sonnets 1564

1 ("As due by many titles I resign") 15642 ("Oh my black soul! Now thou art summoned") 15653 ("This is my play's last scene, here heavens appoint") 15654 ("At the round earth's imagined corners, blow") 15655 ("If poisonous minerals, and if that tree") 15666 ("Death be not proud, though some have called thee") 15667 ("Spit in my face ye Jews, and pierce my side") 15668 ("Why are we by all creatures waited on?") 15679 ("What if this present were the world's last night?") 156710 ("Batter my heart, three-personed God; for, you") 156711 ("Wilt thou love God, as he thee? Then digest") 156812 ("Father, part of his double interest") 1568

Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions 1568["For whom the bell tolls"] 1568

from A Sermon Preached-to the Honorable Companyof the Virginia Plantation 1569

LADY MARY WROTH 1571

Pamphilia to Amphilanthus 15731 ("When night's black mantle could most darkness prove") 157316 ("Am I thus conquered? Have I lost the powers") 1573

xvi Contents

17 ("Truly poor Night thou welcome art to me") 157326 ("When everyone to pleasing pastime hies") 157428. Song ("Sweetest love, return again") 1574

39 ("Take heed mine eyes, how you your looks do cast") 157540 ("False hope which feeds but to destroy, and spill") 157548 ("If ever Love had force in human breast?") 1575

68 ("My pain, still smothered in my grieved breast") 157674. Song ("Love a child is ever crying") 1576from A Crown of Sonnets Dedicated to Love 1576

77 ("In this strange labyrinth how shall I turn?") 157683 ("How blessed be they then, who his favors prove") 1577103 ("My muse now happy, lay thyself to rest") 1577

ROBERT HERRICK 1578The Argument of His Book 1578Delight in Disorder 1579Corinna's Going A-Maying 1579To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time 1581The Hock-Cart, or Harvest Home 1581His Prayer to Ben Jonson 1582Upon Julia's Clothes 1583Upon His Spaniel Tracie 1583

GEORGE HERBERT 1583The Altar 1584Redemption 1585Easter 1585Easter Wings 1586Affliction (1) 1586Prayer (1) 1588Jordan (1) 1588Church Monuments 1589The Windows 1589Denial 1590Virtue 1591Man 1591Jordan (2) 1592Time 1593The Collar 1593The Pulley 1594The Forerunners 1595Love(3) 1596

PERSPECTIVES: EMBLEM, STYLE, AND M E T A P H O R 1596GEOFFREY WHITNEY 1599

The Phoenix 1599

Contents xvii

BENJONSON 1600from Timber: or Discoveries 1600

GIORDANO BRUNO 1604from On the Composition of Images, Signs, and Ideas 1604

CONTE EMMANUELE TESAURO 1605from Through the Lens of Aristotle 1606

RICHARD CRASHAW 1607To the Noblest and best of Ladies, the Countess of Denbigh 1608

RICHARD LOVELACE 1609To Lucasta, Going to the Wars 1610The Grasshopper 1610To Althea, from Prison 1612Love Made in the First Age: To Chloris 1612

HENRY VAUGHAN 1614Regeneration 1615The Retreat 1617Silence, and Stealth of Days 1618The World 1618They Are All Gone into the World of light! 1620The Night 1621

ANDREW MARVELL 1622The Coronet 1624Bermudas 1624The Nymph Complaining for the Death of Her Fawn 1625To His Coy Mistress 1628The Definition of Love 1629The Mower Against Gardens 1630The Mower's Song 1631The Garden 1631from Upon Appleton House 1633An Horatian Ode Upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland 1643

KATHERINE PHILIPS 1646Friendship in Emblem, or the Seal 1647Upon the Double Murder of King Charles 1648On the Third of September, 1651 1649To the Truly Noble, and Obliging Mrs. Anne Owen 1650To Mrs. Mary Awbrey at Parting 1651To My Excellent Lucasia, on Our Friendship 1652The World 1653

The Development of English Prose 1655

FRANCIS BACON 1655Of Truth 1656

xviii Contents

Of Marriage and Single life 1657Of Superstition 1658Of Plantations 1659 'Of Studies [version of 1597] 1661Of Studies [version of 1625] 1662

THE KING JAMES BIBLE 1663

Genesis 2-3 1663

LADY MARY WROTH 1666

from The Countess of Montgomery's Urania 1666

THOMAS HOBBES 1670

Leviathan 1670Chapter 13. Of the Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning

their Felicity, and Misery 1670

SIR THOMAS BROWNE 1673

Religio Medici 1674from Part 1 1674

Pseudodoxia Epidemica 1678Book 1, Chapter 1. Of the first Cause of Common Errors;

the common infirmity of Human Nature 1678Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial 1680

from Chapter 1 1680 .Chapter 5 1684

ROBERT BURTON 1690

The Anatomy of Melancholy 1690[The Utopia of Democritus] 1690Division of the Body, Humors, Spirits 1696

PERSPECTIVES: THE CIVIL WAR, OR THE WARSOF THREE KINGDOMS 1698

JOHNGAUDEN 1701from Eikon Basilike 1702

JOHN MILTON 1704

from Eikonoklastes 1705THE PETITION OF THE GENTLEWOMEN AND TRADESMEN'S WIVES 1711

JOHNLILBURNE 1715

from England's New Chains Discovered 1715OLIVER CROMWELL 1718

from Letters from Ireland 1719JOHN O'DWYER OF THE GLENN 1722

THE STORY OF ALEXANDER AGNEW; OR, JOCK OF BROAD SCOTLAND 1724

Contents xix

EDWARD HYDE, EARL OF CLARENDON 1725

from True Historical Narrative of the Rebellion 1726

JOHN MILTON 1 7 2 9

L'Allegro 1731II Penseroso 1734Lycidas 1738How Soon Hath Time 1743On the New Forcers of Conscience Under the Long Parliament 1743To the Lord General Cromwell 1744On the Late Massacre in Piedmont 1745When I Consider How My Light Is Spent 1745Methought I Saw My Late Espoused Saint 1746from Areopagitica 1746

PARADISE LOST 1755Book 1 1756Book 2 1776from Book 3 1799from Book 4 1813from Book 5 1832Book 6 1842

The Argument 1842Book 7 1842

The Argument 1842[The Invocation] 1843

from Book 8 1844Book 9 1854Book 10 1879Book 11 1897

The Argument 1897Book 12 1898

Samson Agonistes 1905

PERSPECTIVES: SPIRITUAL SELF-RECKONINGS 1946

THE LADY FALKLAND: HER LIFE 1946

from The Lady Falkland: Her Life, by one of Her Daughters 1947ANNA TRAPNEL 1954

from Anna Trapnel's Report and Plea 1954ALICE THORNTON 1961

from Book of Remembrances 1961RALPH JOSSELIN 1965

from Diary 1965DANIEL DEFOE 1966

from The Life and Strange and Surprizing Adventuresof Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner 1967

JOHN BUNYAN 1968

from The Pilgrim's Progress 1968

xx Contents

The Restoration and the Eighteenth Century 1978

SAMUEL PEPYS 2003

The Diary 2004[First Entries] 2004[The Coronation of Charles II] 2006[The Plague Year] 2008[The Fire of London] 2014

C O M P A N I O N R E A D I N G

John Evelyn: from Kalendarium 2018[The Royal Society] 2020[Theater and Music] 2024[Elizabeth Pepys and Deborah Willett] 2025

MARY CARLETON 2030from The Case of Madam Mary Carleton 2030

PERSPECTIVES: THE ROYAL SOCIETY AND THE N E WSCIENCE 2039

THOMAS SPRAT 2041from The History of the Royal Society of London 2042

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS 2044from Philosophical Transactions 2044

ROBERT HOOKE 2047from Micrographia 2048

JOHN AUBREY 2054from Brief Lives 2055

MARGARET CAVENDISH, DUTCHESS OF NEWCASTLE 2 0 5 8

POEMS AND FANCIES 2059The Poetress's Hasty Resolution 2059The Poetress's Petition 2060An Apology for Writing So Much upon This Book 2060The Hunting of the Hare 2060

from A True Relation of My Birth, Breeding, and Life 2063

Observations upon Experimental Philosophy 2068Of Micrography, and of Magnifying and Multiplying Glasses 2068

The Description of a New Blazing World 2070from To the Reader 2070[Creating Worlds] 2071[Empress, Duchess, Duke] 2072Epilogue 2073

Contents xxi

JOHN DRYDEN 2 0 7 4

Absalom and Achitophel: A Poem 2076COMPANION READINGCharles II: His Majesty's Declaration 2101

Mac Flecknoe 2103To the Memory of Mr. Oldham 2109To the Pious Memory of the Accomplished Young Lady

Mrs. Anne Killigrew 2109Alexander's Feast 2114Fables Ancient and Modern 2119

from the Preface 2119from The Cock and the Fox 2127

APHRA BEHN 2 1 2 9

The Disappointment 2130To Lysander, On Some Verses He Writ 2133To Lysander at the Music-Meeting 2135A Letter to Mr. Creech at Oxford 2136To the Fair Clarinda, Who Made Love to Me, Imagined More

than Woman 2138

APHRA BEHN IN CONTEXT: Coterie Writing 2139Mary, Lady Chudleigh To the Ladies 2139 • To Almystrea 2140Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea The Introduction 2141 •

Friendship Between Ephelia and Ardelia 2143 •A Ballad to Mrs. Catherine Fleming in London 2143

Mary Leapor The Headache. To Aurelia 2145 •Advice to Sophronia 2147 • An Essay on Woman 2147 •The Epistle of Deborah Dough 2149

Oroonoko 215P

JOHN WILMOT, EARL OF ROCHESTER 2 1 9 3

Against Constancy 2194The Disabled Debauchee 2195Song ("Love a woman? You're an ass!") 2196The Imperfect Enjoyment 2196Upon Nothing 2198A Satyr Against Reason and Mankind 2199

GEORGE ETHEREGE 2 2 0 4

The Man of Mode; or, Sir Fopling Flutter 2205

THE MAN OF MODE IN CONTEXT: The CollierControversy 2270

Jeremy Collier from A Short View of the Immorality and Profanenessof the English Stage 2271

xxii Contents

Richard Steele The Spectator, No. 65 2273John Dennis from A Defense of "Sir Fopling Flutter" 2275

MARY ASTELL 2280from Some Reflections upon Marriage 2280

DANIEL DEFOE 2289A True Relation of the Apparition of One Mrs. Veal 2291

A TRUE RELATION IN CONTEXT: Parallel Accounts 2297L. Lukyn Letter to her Aunt 2298Stephen Gray Letter to John Flamsteed 2299An Interview with Mrs. Bargrave 2303

A Journal of the Plague Year 2304[At the Burial Pit] 2304[Encounter with a Waterman] 2308

PERSPECTIVES: READING PAPERS 2311NEWS AND COMMENT 2312

from Mercurius Publicus [Anniversary of the Regicide] 2312from The London Gazette [The Fire of London] 2313from Daily Courant No. 1 [Editorial Policy] 2314 . . . .Daniel Defoe: from A Review of the State of the British Nation, Vol. 4,- No. 21

[The New Union] 2315from The Craftsman No. 307 [Vampires in Britain] 2317

PERIODICAL PERSONAE 2320

Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 1 [Introducing Mr. Bickerstaff] 2321Joseph Addison: from Spectator No. 1 [Introducing Mr. Spectator] 2324from Female Spectator No. 1 [The Author's Intent] 2326Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 18 [The News Writers in Danger] 2328Joseph Addison: from Tatler No. 155 [The Political Upholsterer] 2328Joseph Addison: from Spectator No. 10 [The Spectator and Its Readers] 2330

GETTING, SPENDING, SPECULATING 2332

Joseph Addison: Spectator No. 69 [Royal Exchange] 2334Richard Steele: Spectator No. 11 [Inkle and Yarico]. 2337Daniel Defoe: from A Review of the State of the British Nation, Vol. 1, No. 43

[Weak Foundations] 2340Advertisements from the Spectator 2341

A BUBBLER'S MEDLEY 2341

from Historical Register for the Year 1720 2343Anne Finch: A Song on the South Sea 2344Thomas D'Urfey: The Hubble Bubbles 2344Thomas Read: from The Weekly Journal 2345Nicholas Amhurst: from The Craftsman No. 47 [Usbeck to Rica at Ispahan] 2346

WOMEN AND MEN, MANNERS AND MARRIAGE 2347

Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 25 [Duellists] 2347

Contents xxiii

Daniel Defoe: from A Review of the State of the British Nation, Vol. 9, No. 34[A Duellist's Conscience] 2349

from The Athenian Mercury 2351Richard Steele: from Tatler No. 104 [Jenny Distaff Newly Married] 2354Joseph Addison: Spectator No. 128 [Variety of Temper] 2355Eliza Haywood: from The Female Spectator, Vol. 1, No. 1

[Seomanthe's Elopement] 2357Eliza Haywood: from The Female Spectator, Vol. 2, No. 10

[Women's Education] 2360

JONATHAN SWIFT 2362A Description of the Morning 2364A Description of a City Shower 2365Stella's Birthday, 1719 2367Stella's Birthday, 1727 2368The Lady's Dressing Room 2370Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift, D.S.P.D. 2374Journal to Stella 2387

Letter 10 2387Gulliver's Travels 2391

Part 3. A Voyage to Laputa 2392Chapter 5 2392Chapter 10 2397

Part 4. A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms 2402COMPANION READINGS

LETTERS ON GULLIVER'S TRAVELS

Jonathan Swift to Alexander Pope 2447Alexander Pope to Jonathan Swift 2448John Gay to Jonathan Swift 2448Jonathan Swift to Alexander Pope 2450"The Prince of Lilliput" to Stella 2450

A Modest Proposal 2451COMPANION READING

William Petty: from Political Arithmetic 2457

ALEXANDER POPE 2 4 5 9

An Essay on Criticism 2461Windsor-Forest 2478The Rape of the Lock 2489The Iliad 2509

from Preface [On Translation] 2509from Book 12 [Sarpedon's Speech] 2511

Eloisa to Abelard 2512 .Epistle 4. To Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington 2520An Essay on Man 2526

Epistle 1 2526 ' ;To the Reader 2526 .

xxiv Contents

The Design 2527

Argument 2528

An Epistle from Mr. Pope, to Dr. Arbuthnot 2535The Dunciad 2546

Book the Fourth 2546[The Goddess Coming in Her Majesty] 2547

[The Geniuses of the Schools] 2548

[Young Gentlemen Returned from Travel] 2549

[The Minute Philosophers and the Consummation of All] 2550

LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU 2 557

The Turkish Embassy Letters 2558To Lady [On the Turkish Baths] 2558To Lady Mar [On Turkish Dress] 2560

Letter to Lady Bute [On Her Granddaughter] 2563Epistle from Mrs. Yonge to her Husband 2565The Lover: A Ballad 2567The Reasons That Induced Dr. S. to write a Poem called

The Lady's Dressing Room 2 568

JOHN GAY 2571

The Beggar's Opera 2573

WILLIAM HOGARTH 2616

A Rake's Progress 2618

PERSPECTIVES: M I N D AND G O D 2626ISAAC NEWTON 2627

from Letter to Richard Bentley 2628JOHN LOCKE 2630

from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding 2631ISAAC WATTS 2635

A Prospect of Heaven Makes Death Easy 2635The Hurry of the Spirits, in a Fever and Nervous Disorders 2636Against Idleness and Mischief 2637Man Frail, and God Eternal 2638Miracles Attending Israel's Journey 2639

JOSEPH ADDISON 2640

Spectator No. 465 2640GEORGE BERKELEY 2641

from Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous 2642DAVID HUME 2644

from A Treatise of Human Nature 2644from An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 2647

CHRISTOPHER SMART 2650

from Jubilate Agno 2650

Contents xxv

WILLIAM COWPER 2653Light Shining out of Darkness 2654from The Task 2654The Cast-away 2655

JAMES THOMSON 2657Winter. A Poem 2658

[Autumn Evening and Night] 2658[Winter Night] 2661

The Seasons 2662from Autumn 2662

Rule, Britannia 2666

THE SEASONS IN CONTEXT: Poems of Nightfalland Night 2667

Anne Finch A Nocturnal Reverie 2668 •Edward Young from The Complaint 2669William Collins Ode to Evening 2671 • Ode Occasioned by

the Death of Mr. Thomson 2673William Cowper from The Task 2674

THOMAS GRAY 2 6 7 7

LETTERSTo Horace Walpole, 16 April 1734 2678To Richard West, December 1736 2679To Horace Walpole, 12 June 1750 2680To Horace Walpole, 11 February 1751 2680To Horace Walpole, 20 February 1751 2681

Sonnet on the Death of Mr. Richard West 2682Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College 2682Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of

Gold Fishes 2684Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 2685

SAMUEL JOHNSON 2 6 8 9

The Vanity of Human Wishes 2692A Short Song of Congratulation 2700On the Death of Dr. Robert Levet 2701

THE RAMBLER ;No. 4 [On Fiction] 2702No. 5 [On Spring] 2705No. 60 [On Biography] 2708No. 170 [On Misella, a Prostitute] 2711No. 171 [Misella Continues] 2713No. 207 [Beginnings, Middles, and Ends] 2716

xxvi Contents

from A Review of Soame Jenyns' A Free Inquiry into the Natureand Origin of Evil 2719

THE IDLERNo. 31 [On-Idleness] 2724No. 32 [On Sleep] 2725No. 84 [On Autobiography] 2727No. 97 [On Travel Writing] 2729

A Dictionary of the English Language 2730from Preface 2731[Some Entries] 2737

Rasselas 2744[The History of Imlac] 2745

The Plays of William Shakespeare 2753from Preface 2754[Selected Notes on Othello] 2762

TRAVEL WRITING 2765Letter to Hester Thrale (21 September 1773) 2765A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland 2770

Anoch 2770Glensheals 2773The Highlands 2774Glenelg 2777from Skye. Armidel 2778

Lives of the Poets 2778from The Life of Milton 2779from The Life of Pope 2781

from Annals [Infancy and Childhood] 2788

LETTERSTo Lord Chesterfield (7 February 1755) 2792To Hester Thrale (19 June 1783) 2793To Hester Thrale Piozzi (2 July 1784) 2795To Hester Thrale Piozzi (8 July 1784) 2795

JAMES BOSWELL 2796London Journal 2797

[A Scot in London] 2797[Louisa] 2800[First Meeting with Johnson] 2805

An Account of My Last Interview with David Hume, Esq. 2805from A Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Dr. Samuel Johnson 2809The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. 2813

[Introduction; BoswelPs Method] 2813[Conversations about Hume] 2815

Contents xxvii

[Dinner with Wilkes] 2817[Conversations at Streatham and the Club] 2823

HESTER SALUSBURY THRALE PIOZZI 2829

The Family Book 2830[On Her Daughter's Progress] 2830[On the Death of Her Son] 2831[On Her Marriage and Household] 2834

Thraliana 2835[First Entries] 2835[The Death of Henry Thrale; Marriage to Gabriel Piozzi] 2838[The Death of Johnson] 2842

OLIVER GOLDSMITH 2843The Deserted Village 2844

COMPANION READINGS

George Crabbe: from The Village 2854George Crabbe: from The Parish Register 2856

PERSPECTIVES: LANDSCAPE, PLEASURE, POWER 2857SIR JOHN DENHAM 2858

Cooper's Hill 2859JOSEPH ADDISON 2867

from Spectator No. 412 [The Great, the Uncommon, the Beautiful] 2867Spectator No. 414 [Nature, Art, Gardens] 2869

ALEXANDER POPE 2872

Letter to Edward Blount [Grotto and Garden] 2872HORACE WALPOLE 2874

Letter to Sir Horace Mann [The Garden at Strawberry Hill] 2874EDMUND BURKE 2875

from A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublimeand the Beautiful 2875

THOMAS GRAY 2882

from A Journal-Letter to Thomas Wharton [The Sublime and the Beautiful inthe Lake District] 2882

WILLIAM GILPIN 2883

from On Picturesque Travel 2884

Political and Religious Orders 2887

Money, Weights, and Measures 2893

Glossary of Literary and Cultural Terms 2895

Bibliographies 2919

Credits 2951

Index 2955