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The MAGIC gamma detectorThe MAGIC gamma detector

Alessandro De Alessandro De AngelisAngelis

Trieste, 1 Trieste, 1 julyjuly 20032003

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OutlineOutline

•• The observational scenarioThe observational scenario

•• Techniques to detect cosmic gammasTechniques to detect cosmic gammas

•• Imaging Imaging Cherenkov Cherenkov and MAGICand MAGIC

•• Physics goalsPhysics goals

•• The role of INFN The role of INFN UdineUdine/Trieste/Trieste

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Techniques - ITechniques - I

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Techniques - IITechniques - II•• An EAS can be detectedAn EAS can be detected

–– From the shower particles directly From the shower particles directly –– By the By the CherenkovCherenkov light emitted by the charged light emitted by the charged

particles in the shower (particles in the shower (CherenkovCherenkov detectorsdetectors))

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Performance of the detectors

Performance of the detectors

AGILE (1 month)

New generation gamma New generation gamma detectors will open the detectors will open the unexplored spectral unexplored spectral window between 10 and window between 10 and 250 250 GeVGeV

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The observational scenarioThe observational scenario

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IACT techniqueIACT techniqueGamma shower

( narrow, points to source )

leng

thle

ngth

width

shower topshower top

shower tailshower tail

Direction of primary γ - ray

Proton shower( wide, points anywhere )

alpha

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New generation IACT telescopesNew generation IACT telescopes

CANGAROO III(Australia & Japan)

Spring 20044 telescopes 10 meters Ø

Woomera, Australia

Windhoek, NamibiaHESS

(Germany & France)Summer 2002

4 ( 16) telescopes10 meters Ø

Roque delos Muchachos, Canary Islands

MAGICMAGIC(Germany, Italy & Spain)(Germany, Italy & Spain)

Summer 2003Summer 20031 telescope 17 meters Ø1 telescope 17 meters Ø

Montosa Canyon,Arizona

VERITAS(USA & England)

2005?7 telescopes10 meters Ø

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MAGIC CollaborationMMajor ajor AAtmospheric tmospheric GGammaamma--Ray Ray IImaging maging CCherenkov Telescopeherenkov Telescope

Germany Germany -- Spain Spain –– Italy (Italy (PadovaPadova, Siena/Pisa, , Siena/Pisa, UdineUdine/Trieste)/Trieste)

Main aim: to detect Main aim: to detect γγ––ray sources in the ray sources in the unexplored energy range: unexplored energy range: 30 30 (10)(10) -- 250250GeVGeV

MAGIC will have the MAGIC will have the lowest energy lowest energy thresholdthreshold ever obtained with aever obtained with a CherenkovCherenkovtelescopetelescope

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MAGIC telescope conceptMAGIC telescope concept•• ~236 m~236 m22 reflectorreflector•• 577 pixel high 577 pixel high

efficiency photon efficiency photon collection cameracollection camera

•• 2 level trigger 2 level trigger system for onsystem for on--line line pattern selectionpattern selection

•• fast repositioning fast repositioning system (<30s) system (<30s)

•• Energy resolution Energy resolution 40%40%

•• 10104 4 -- 10105 5 mm22

Effective areaEffective area

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CameraCamera

Matrix of 577Matrix of 577 PMTsPMTs

Two sections:Two sections:–– Inner part: 0.1˚ Inner part: 0.1˚ ∅∅ PMTsPMTs–– Outer part: 0.2˚Outer part: 0.2˚ ∅∅ PMTsPMTs

PixelsPixels–– <QE>~26% <QE>~26% (330(330--450 nm)450 nm)

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ReadoutReadoutShower Shower CherenkovCherenkov light pulses are typically ~ ns longlight pulses are typically ~ ns long

•• Pixel signal Pixel signal transportedtransported ~100 m ~100 m over over optical fiberoptical fiber::

–– Signal still Signal still shortshort–– Cable Cable weightweight, optically , optically

decoupled, decoupled, noisenoise immune.immune.

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The Data Acquisition SystemThe Data Acquisition System

•• Expected trigger rate: few hundreds HzExpected trigger rate: few hundreds Hz•• Max DAQ rate: 1kHzMax DAQ rate: 1kHz•• Needs:Needs:

–– 577 PM x 1 Byte x 30 samples x 1 kHz577 PM x 1 Byte x 30 samples x 1 kHz⇒⇒ ~ 20 MB/s~ 20 MB/s (x 11 hours )(x 11 hours )⇒⇒ ~ 800 GB/night~ 800 GB/night..

IPEIPEIPECENET

IPEIPEIPECENET

Cheap PC based solution:Cheap PC based solution:Multiprocessor threaded system.Multiprocessor threaded system.PCI FPGA based readout card & PCI FPGA based readout card &

RAID0 discs system.RAID0 discs system.

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Fast time alert from satellite Fast time alert from satellite and fast repositioning (20and fast repositioning (20--30s) 30s) are crucial points to observe a are crucial points to observe a GRB in its early phase!GRB in its early phase!

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Present statusPresent statusTelescope structure completed Dec.2001Telescope structure completed Dec.2001100 m100 m22 reflective surface (40%)reflective surface (40%)Camera installed Nov.2002, commissioned Camera installed Nov.2002, commissioned Mar.2003Mar.2003First starlight recorded 8th MarchFirst starlight recorded 8th March

Trigger system commissionedTrigger system commissioned

FADC system being completed; test with the whole FADC system being completed; test with the whole readout chain performedreadout chain performed

Installation optical links ongoingInstallation optical links ongoing

Definitive Control House being completedDefinitive Control House being completed

June 2003:first Cherenkov flashes seen!

June 2003:June 2003:first first Cherenkov Cherenkov flashes seen!flashes seen!

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The first two events…The first two events…

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MAGIC Physics goalsMAGIC Physics goals

AGNsAGNs

SNRsSNRs Cold Dark Cold Dark MatterMatter

PulsarsPulsars

GRBsGRBsTests on Tests on

Quantum Quantum Gravity Gravity effectseffects

Cosmological Cosmological γγray horizonray horizon

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Synergy with GLASTSynergy with GLAST

Troviamo cheMAGIC sia per noi l’esperimento piu’ interessante dal punto di vista scientifico GLASTGLAST

MAGICMAGIC

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GRB observationGRB observation•• Mechanism not yet fully Mechanism not yet fully

resolved.resolved.

•• MAGIC takes advantage of :MAGIC takes advantage of :

–– Huge collection areaHuge collection area

–– Fast repositioning.Fast repositioning.

–– Low energy thresholdLow energy threshold

Under the assumption that it is possible to extrapolate the GRB energy spectrum in the 10 GeV region, MAGIC might observe

1-2 GRB / year

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•• Lorentz Lorentz violationviolation•• Photon mixing? (Photon mixing? (AdAAdA & &

R. Pain, Mod. Phys. R. Pain, Mod. Phys. LettLett. A38 (2002) 2491 . A38 (2002) 2491

γ propagationγ propagation

PLUS…PLUS…•• Dark matter searches (Dark matter searches (χχ region > 50 region > 50 GeVGeV))•• Wherever the HEP background can make Wherever the HEP background can make

the differencethe difference

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Our approach to MAGICOur approach to MAGIC

•• April 18 April 18 -- Expression of Interest Expression of Interest •• May 8, Barcelona May 8, Barcelona -- Accepted by the experimentAccepted by the experiment•• June 6, June 6, PadovaPadova -- Discussion with the referees Discussion with the referees •• June 10, Roma June 10, Roma –– Gruppo Gruppo IIII

Financed till Financed till september september (6 (6 kEURkEUR))•• June 16June 16--19, 19, Padova Padova -- SwSw workshop (4 people workshop (4 people

from from UdineUdine): training, discussion on the tasks): training, discussion on the tasks•• July 2, Trieste, Presentation at the July 2, Trieste, Presentation at the CdSCdS

Requests for 2004Requests for 2004

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Work by the Udine/Trieste groupWork by the Udine/Trieste group

•• Data analysis: responsibilities on Data analysis: responsibilities on –– γγ/h separation/h separation–– databasedatabase

•• Science: Photon propagation (Science: Photon propagation (AdAAdA, De , De Lotto, Lotto, GiannitrapaniGiannitrapani), GRB (Longo)), GRB (Longo)

•• Future: DAQ for the clone?Future: DAQ for the clone?

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Manpower for Udine/TriesteManpower for Udine/Trieste•• A. De A. De AngelisAngelis, PA, 45%, PA, 45%•• B. De Lotto, RU, 40%B. De Lotto, RU, 40%•• R. R. GiannitrapaniGiannitrapani, , AsRicAsRic, 50%, 50%•• F. Longo, F. Longo, AsRicAsRic, 20%, 20%•• P. P. BoineeBoinee, , DottDott, 20%, 20%•• A. A. FortiForti, , DottDott, 50%, 50%•• M. M. FrailisFrailis, , DottDott, 50%, 50%•• M. Pin, M. Pin, DottDott, 50%, 50%•• M. M. PersicPersic, PA, 50%, PA, 50%•• S. S. SonegoSonego, PA, 50%, PA, 50%______________________________________________•• 4.3 FTE + 0.3 4.3 FTE + 0.3 tecnologitecnologi

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Richieste 2004 (kEUR)Richieste 2004 (kEUR)•• MI 12MI 12

–– ContattiContatti 22–– SwSw meet. 6meet. 6–– Conf. 4Conf. 4

•• ME 36.1ME 36.1–– 3 Steering comm. X 1 persona 3.33 Steering comm. X 1 persona 3.3–– 2 Coll. + Phys. Meet. X 4 2 Coll. + Phys. Meet. X 4 persone persone 99–– 2 2 analisi analisi & & sw sw meetings x 4 meetings x 4 persone persone 8.88.8–– 6 6 turni presa dati turni presa dati 1515

•• Consumo Consumo 12 12 (Common Funds 8, (Common Funds 8, Metabolismo Metabolismo 2, Cassette 2)2, Cassette 2)

•• Inventariabile Inventariabile 26 (Disk array 12, Farm 26 (Disk array 12, Farm analisi analisi 14)14)

•• Future: DAQ for the clone?Future: DAQ for the clone?TBD ~ 30 kTBD ~ 30 k

1 dottorando

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ConclusionsConclusions

•• MAGIC is a very large, new generation CT MAGIC is a very large, new generation CT designed to designed to fill the 10fill the 10--300300 GeVGeV gapgap

•• Final commissioning phaseFinal commissioning phase•• Start observation summer 2003Start observation summer 2003

–– New VHE sources expectedNew VHE sources expected–– MultiwavelengthMultiwavelength campaign and joint observations campaign and joint observations

with satellites with satellites -- fast alert needed for fast alert needed for GRBsGRBs..•• Synergic with satellite detectorsSynergic with satellite detectors

•• UdineUdine/Trieste can give an important /Trieste can give an important contributioncontribution–– Synergic with GLASTSynergic with GLAST