The MAIN BASICS TO START ENGLISH WELL

Fourth Edition

By: Faisal Rozi

المملكة العربية السعودية

وزارة التربية والتعليم

االدارة العامة للمدارس السعودية في الخارج

في اسطنبول المدرسة السعودية

Subject Object Possessive Reflexive

I Me My Mine Myself

He Him His His Himself

She Her Her Hers Herself

It It Its Its Itself

You You Your Yours Yourself \

Yourselves

We Us Our Ours Ourselves

They Them Their Theirs Themselves

PRONOUNSالضمائر

2

In English we can divide HELPING VERBS into four

groups:عام إلى أربعة األفعال المساعدة وهي التي تستخدم للتمييز بين األزمنة وتقسم يشكل

مجموعات

Verbs to Be

am is

are ----------

was were

Verbs to Have

have has

----------had

Verbs to Do

do does

---------did

others

e.g.

shall should will would can could must ought to

ا فمثال في اللغة االنجليزية تستخدم هذه األفعال المساعدة كأفعال عادية أيض: مالحظة •

.بمعنى يكون amبمعنى يملك وفعل haveبمعنى يفعل وفعل doيستخدم

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ExampleTo Be 2NExampleTo Be 1

N

I am Ali. I was a studentI was1I am Ali. I am a student.I am1

He is Khalid. He was a student. He was2He is Khalid. He is a student. He is2

She is Fatimah. She was a student. She was3She is Fatimah. She is a student. She is3

It is a nice cat. It was little. It was4It is a nice cat. It is little. It is4

You are Ahmed. You were a student. You were5You are Ahmed. You are a student. You are5

You are brothers. You were students.You were6You are brothers. You are students.You are6

They are British. They were a family.They were7They are British. They are a family.They are7

We are Americans. We were friends.We were8We are Americans. We are friends.We are8

Verbs to Be :

: للتحدث والسؤال عن الوصف والصفات مثل التحدث عن صفة من صفات اإلنسان Verb to Be 1نستخدم *

I am. الخ ..... أنا سعيد . أنا طالب . أنا سعودي Saudi . I am a student. I am

happy.

: اضي للتحدث والسؤال عن الوصف والصفات مثل التحدث عن صفة من صفات اإلنسان في المVerb to Be 2نستخدم *

I was. الخ ..... كنت حزين . كنت طالب . كنت غني rich. I was a student. I was sad.

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ExampleTo Have 2NExampleTo Have 1

N

I had a new car .I had1I have a new car .I have1

He had a new car . He had2He has a new car . He has2

Fatimah had a new car. She had3Fatimah has a new car. She has3

That company had new cars. It had4That company has new cars. It has4

You had a new car .You had5You have a new car .You have5

You had new cars.You had6You have new cars.You have6

They had new cars.They had7They have new cars.They have7

We had new cars.We had8We have new cars.We have8

Verbs to Have:

:Present Perfectللتحدث والسؤال عن الملكية وفي األزمنة التامة المضارعة Verb to Have 1نستخدم *

.I have a car . I have written the story. أنا كتبت القصة. أنا أملك سيارة

: Past Perfectللتحدث والسؤال عن الملكية في الماضي وفي األزمنة التامة الماضية Verb to Be 2نستخدم *

I had a car . I had written the story. قد كنت كتبت القصة . كنت املك سيارة

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ExampleTo Do 2NExampleTo Do 1

N

Did I speak English fluently? I did1Do I speak English fluently? I do1

Did he speak English fluently? He did2Does he speak English fluently? He does2

Did she speak English fluently? She did3Does she speak English fluently? She does3

Did It speak English fluently? It did4Does It speak English fluently? It does4

Did you speak English fluently? You did5Do you speak English fluently? You do5

Did you speak English fluently? You did6Do you speak English fluently? You do6

Did they speak English fluently? They did7Do they speak English fluently? They do7

Did we speak English fluently? We did8Do we speak English fluently? We do8

Verbs to Do:

: حياته للسؤال والنفي عن األفعال مثل السؤال عما يفعله اإلنسان دوما أو بشكل متكرر فيVerb to Do 1نستخدم *

Do you speak English? I don’t like. هل تتحدث االنجليزية ؟ أنا ال أحب كرة القدم

football.

: للسؤال والنفي عن األفعال مثل السؤال عما فعله اإلنسان الماضي Verb to Do 2نستخدم *

?Did you write the home workهل كتبت الواجب ؟

I did.لم أذهب إلى أي مكان البارحة not go anywhere yesterday.

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In English we can divide the Tenses into three Kinds:

PAST PRESENT FUTURE

The PAST can be divide into three Kinds:

PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINOUS PAST PERFECT

PAST

The PRESENT can be divide the Tenses into three Kinds:

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINOUS PRESENT PERFECT

The FUTURE can be divide the Tenses into three Kinds:

FUTURE SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINOUS FUTURE PERFECT

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1) The Past Simple ( Active ) : xS V 2 O ++

e.g. Osama wrote a letter yesterday.

+ …………… .

* I phoned my uncle last week.More Examples :

* Hamzah played two basketball matches.

2) The Past Continuous ( Active ) :

S was / were V-ing++

e.g. Osama was writing yesterday.

+ ………… .

* I was phoning my uncle last week.More Examples :

* Hamzah was playing two basketball matches Yesterday.

O

a letter

+

3) The Past Perfect ( Active ) :

S had V3++

e.g. Osama had written yesterday.

+ ………… .

* I had phoned my uncle last week.More Examples :

* Hamzah had played two basketball matches.

O

a letter

+

xx

8

1) The Past Simple ( Passive ) : xO was / were V3++

e.g. A letter was written yesterday.

+ …………… .

* My Uncle was phoned by me last week.More Examples :

* Two basketball matches were played by Hamza.

2) The Past Continuous ( Passive) :

O was / were ++

e.g. A letter was Written yesterday.

+ ………… .

* My Uncle was being phoned by me last week.More Examples :

* Two basketball matches were being played by Hamza yesterday.

+

3) The Past Perfect ( Passive ) :

e.g. A letter had yesterday.

* My uncle had been phoned by me last week.More Examples :

* Two basketball matches had been played by Hamza last week.

xx

(by + S ) +by Osama

being

being

+ (by + S )

by Osama

V3

O had ++ + ………… .+been+ (by + S ) V3

been Written by Osama

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1) The Present Simple : xS V 1 O ++

e.g. Osama writes a story every year.+ …………… .

* I phone my uncle every week.More Examples :

* Hamzah plays two basketball matches every weekend.

2) The Present Continuous :

S am / is / are V-ing++Osama is writing nowadays.

+ ……………. .

* I am phoning my uncle now.

* Hamzah is playing two basketball matches tonight.

O a story

+

3) The Present Perfect:

S has V3++e.g. Osama has written lately.

+ ………… .

* I have phoned my uncle .More Examples :

* Hamzah has played two basketball matches.

O a letter

+

x x

x

More Examples :

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1) The Present Simple ( Passive ) : xO am/ is / are V3++

e.g. A letter is written every year.

+ …………… .

* My Uncle is phoned by me every week.More Examples :

* Two basketball matches are played by Hamza every weekend.

2) The Present Continuous ( Passive ) :

O ++

e.g. A letter is Written now.

+ ………… .

* My Uncle is being phoned by me now.More Examples :

* Two basketball matches are being played by Hamza tonight.

+

3) The Present Perfect ( Passive ) :

e.g. A letter has yesterday.

* My uncle has been phoned by me.More Examples :

* Two basketball matches has been played by Hamza.

(by + S ) +by Osama

being

being

+ (by + S )

by Osama

V3

O have / has ++ + ………… .+been+ (by + S ) V3

been Written by Osama

xx

am/ is / are

x

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2) The Future Continuous:

S will be++ + OV - ing + + …………. .

I will be Englishteaching tomorrow.

1) The Future Simple:

S will V1++Osama will write next week.

+ ………… .

* I will phone my uncle tomorrow.Examples :

* Hamzah will play two basketball matches tomorrow.

O a story

+

x

* I will be phoning my uncle tomorrow.Examples :

* Hamzah will be playing two basketball matches tomorrow.

3) The Future Perfect:

S will have / has++ + OV 3 + + ……….……. .

I will have Englishtaught to 3000 students.* I will have phoned my uncle by tomorrow.Examples :

* Hamzah will have played three basketball match by the next week.

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1) The Past Perfect Continuous:

S had been++ + OV - ing + + ………. .

I had been Englishteaching for the whole class.* I had been phoning my uncle for half an hour.Examples :

* Hamzah had been playing a basketball match for two hours.

2) The Present Perfect Continuous:

S have / has been++ + OV - ing + + ……………. .

I have been Englishteaching for the last 20 years.

* I have been phoning my uncle since 10.00 a.m. .Examples :

* Hamzah has been playing a basketball match for the last two hours.

3) The Future Perfect Continuous:

S will been++ + OV - ing + + ……………. .

I will been Englishteaching for the next two years.e.g.

* I will have been waiting for you for an hour by the time you arrive .Examples :

* Hamzah will have been playing two basketball matches every week for the next two years.

have +

have

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ARABIC

Meaning

ENGLISH

V3V2V1No.

beenWas / were(be) am / is / are1يكون

born-----------------2ولد

beatenbeatbeat3يهزم/ يغلب/ يضرب

becomebecamebecome4يصير/ يصبح

begunbeganbegin 5يبدأ

bledbledbleed6ينزف

blownblewblow7ينسف/ ينفخ /يهب

brokenbrokebreak8يفصل/ يحطم / يكسر

broughtbroughtbring9يجلب/ يحضر

builtbuiltbuild10يجهز/ يبني / يشيد

boughtboughtbuy11يبتاع/ يشتري

caughtcaughtcatch12يصطاد/ يقبض/ يمسك

chosechosechoose13ينتخب/ يختار

comecamecome14يحضر/ يأتي / يجيء

costcostcost15يسعر/ يثمن / يكلف

cutcutcut16يحذف/ يقص/ يقطع

dealtdealtdeal17يتفق على/ يتعامل

dugdugdig18يستخرج/ يتعمق / يحفر

donediddo19يبذل/ يرتكب / ينفذ / يعمل

drawndrewdraw20يتحرك/ يسحب / يرسم

drunkdrankdrink21يسكر / يشرب

drivendrovedrive22يوصل/ ينقل / يقود

eatenateeat23يستهلك/ يأكل

fallenfellfall24يفشل/ يرسب/يسقط

fedfedfeed25يعلف/ يمد/ يطعم

feltfeltfeel26يحس/ يشعر

foughtfoughtfight27يحارب/ يكافح / يقاتل

Irregular Verbs ( 1 )

ARABIC

Meaning

ENGLISH

V3V2V1No.

foundfoundfind28يعثر على/ يجد

Flownflewfly29يحلق/ يطير

forgottenforgotforget30يتجاهل/ ينسى

gotgotget31يكسب/ ينال / يحصل

gonewentgo32ينطلق/ يذهب

growngrewgrow33يظهر/ يكبر / ينمو

أو تلد/ يقوم بـ / يضطر / يملكيتحمل/ يتلقى / تضع

hadhadhave34

heardheardhear35يصغي/ يعلم عن / يسمع

ل يقب/ يبقي/يحتفظ/يمسكيصد / يحتجز / يحبس

heldheldhold36

hurthurthurt37يؤذي/ يضر / يؤلم

keptkeptkeep38يفي / يحفظ / يبقي

knownknewknow39يعلم / يعرف

ledledlead40يهدي/ يتصدر / يرشد / يتزعم

leftleftleave41يهجر/ يترك / يغادر

lentlentlend42يزود/ يقرض / يعير

letletlet43يسرح/ يدع / يترك

litlitlight44يضيء/ ينير / يشعل

lostlostlose45يفقد/ يضيع / يخسر

mademademake46يكون/ يعمل / يصنع

meantmeantmean47يقصد/ يعني

metmetmeet48يقابل/ يلتقي

had tohad tomust49يتوجب/ يجب

paidpaidpay50يغطي/ يسدد / يدفع

Putputput51يرمي/ يلقي / يطرح / يضع

readreadread52يفهم/ يقرأ

Irregular Verbs ( 2 )

ARABIC

Meaning

ENGLISH

V3V2V1No.

riddenroderide53يبحر / يمتطي / يركب

rungrangring54يقرع / يدق / يرن

risenroserise55يصعد/ ينهض/ تشرق

runranrun56يسيل/ يجري / يركض

saidsaidsay57يذكر / يقول

seensawsee58يفهم/ يبصر / يتصور / يرى

soldsoldsell59يسلم لـ/ يبيع

sentsentsend60يقذف/ يسدد / يرسل

setsetset61ينصب/ يطلق / تغرب

shakenshookshake62يرتعد/ يهتز / يصافح

shoneshoneshine63يسطع/ يضيء / يلمع

shotshotshoot64يطلق/ يصوب / يقذف

shownshowedshow65يشرح/ يظهر / يعرض

satsatsit 66يستقر/ يجلس

sleptsleptsleep67يضاجع/ يرقد / ينام

spokenspokespeak68يصرح/ يخطب / يتكلم

spentspentspend 69يصرف/ يقضي / ينفق

spreadspreadspread70يشيع/ ينشر / يمد

stoodstoodstand71يقف/ يقوم

stolenstolesteal72يختلس/ يسرق

swumswamswim73يسبح

takentooktake74يحصل/ يمسك / يأخذ

taughttaughtteach75يدرس/ يلقن / يعلم

toldtoldtell76يحكي/ يقص / يقول

thoughtthoughtthink76يرى/ يعتقد / ينوي / يظن

Irregular Verbs ( 3 )

ARABIC

Meaning

ENGLISH

V3V2V1No.

thrownthrewthrow77يلقي/ يقذف / يرمي

understoodunderstoodunderstand78يستنتج/ يدرك / يفهم

wokenwokewake79يصحو/ يستيقظ / يوقظ

wornworewear80يستعمل/ يرتدي / يلبس

wonwonwin81يتوفق/ ينال / ينجح / يفوز

/ يسجل ينظم/ يؤلف / يكتب يلحن

writtenwrotewrite82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

DEFECTIVE VERBS

mightmay4couldcan1

5shouldshall2

6wouldwill3

Irregular Verbs ( 4 )

17