TheMarylandCollaborativetoReduceCollegeDrinkingand

RelatedProblems:

TexasBehavioralHealthInstitute2016

June6,2016

DavidH.Jernigan,Ph.DAssociateProfessor,DepartmentofHealthBehaviorandSocietyDirector,CenteronAlcoholMarketingandYouthJohnsHopkinsUniversityBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth

Acknowledgments

• UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark– AmeliaArria PhD– AndreaSoongMPH

• JohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth– MollyMitchellJD– CassandraGreisenMPP

Overview

• Twoparts:– IntroductiontotheMarylandCollaborative– Casestudyofhowweworktobringaboutenvironmentalchange

EffectiveBestPracticesInclude…

• SocialHostOrdinances• Multi-componentinterventionswithcommunitymobilization

• Restrictingalcoholmarketing• Compliancechecksforalcoholoutlets

• EnforcingfalseIDlaws

5StepstoEnvironmentalChange

1. Formcampus-communitycoalitions2. Identifyhigh-riskdrinking“hotspots”3. Chooseabestpracticestrategytoaddress

those“hotspots”4. Worktogethertoimplementthestrategy5. Evaluateoutcomes

IdentifiedEnvironmentalStrategies

LocalSocialHostOrdinance

• FrostburgStateUniversity

• JohnsHopkinsUniversity

• TowsonUniversity• Goucher College• UMBC• UMES

EnhancedEnforcement

• LoyolaUniversity• McDanielCollege• NavalAcademy

LandlordLeaseAgreements

• AlleganyCollege

CampusAlcoholPolicies• Collectedallpubliclyavailablepoliciesviaweb• Analyzingeachcampus’alcoholpoliciesfor:– Clarity– Accessibility– Effectiveness

• DelphiPanelofexpertsrating38policiesand13consequencesforeffectiveness

• Willclassifypoliciesaccordingtoeffectivenessandprovidefeedbacktocampuses

GovernanceCouncilActivities

• PresidentsoftheMarylandCollaborativewereinstrumentalinpassinglegislation:– Tobantheretailsaleofextreme-strengthalcohol(190-proofandstronger)inMaryland

– Togeta2-yearmoratoriumontheretailsaleofpowderedalcoholinMaryland

Environmental scans

• Developedninescanninginstrumentstocollectdatainoff-campusandon-campusenvironmentsthatcancontributetohigh-riskdrinking

• Providedetailedinformationthatcanbeusedtoidentifyevidence-basedstrategieswell-suitedtoaddressproblemsand/orsupportexistingpolicies

• TowsonandAnnapolisoutletsnearmembercampusesscannedbystudents

CaseStudy:EnvironmentalChange

• Hotspots§ Identifytheenvironmentswhereexcessivedrinkingisoccurring

§ Socialvs.Commercialsettings

• Evidence-basedApproach§ Identifyabestpracticeapproachtoaddressingthatenvironmenttoreduceand/orpreventexcessivedrinking

Hotspotforhigh-riskdrinking

73.2% 60.3%

0%15%30%45%60%75%90%

Studentsunder21 Students21to25

Percen

tofS

tude

nts

Percentageofpast-monthdrinkerswhodrankatleastonceinthepastmonthatanoff-campushouse

party.(MD-CAS)

Atooltoreducecollegedrinkingandloudandunrulysocial

gatherings

SocialHostPolicies

WhySHOareeffective

Theory of Deterrence1. Swift2. Certain3. Severe

Evidenceofeffectiveness

• Fewerpolicecallsforservicerelatedtodisturbances

• Adolescentsarelesslikelytodrinkinlargepeergroups

Howtheywork

1. Allowlawenforcementtowritecivilcitations,similartotraffictickets,tothepropertyowners,propertymanagersand/orhostsofloudandunrulyparties;

2. Levyafineforafirstoffenseandfinesincreasinginseverityforsubsequentoffensesatthesamelocation;

3. Canenablelocalgovernmentstorecovercostsforrepeatedlawenforcementorotheremergencyserviceresponsestoaproperty.

BaltimoreCity(15-0540)

BaltimoreCounty(90-15)

PrincessAnne(2016-1)

June2015

Jan2016

April2016

ThreeMarylandSHO

1. Developapolicyactionstatement2. Engageenforcement3. Collectdatatoestablishalegalbasis4. Makeyourcase5. Draftpolicylanguage6. Usemediaadvocacy7. Mobilizesupportandprovidecommunityeducation8. Getthepolicyadopted9. Ensureenforcementofthepolicy10. Evaluatecampaigneffectiveness

10PolicyAdvocacySteps

TheBaltimoreCityCouncilwillpassacivilSocialHostOrdinanceholdingaccountablethosewhohostandallowloudandunrulypartiestopersist.

Step1:DevelopaPolicyActionStatement

Step2:EngageEnforcement

§ Includeenforcementfromthebeginningtohelp:

§Collectlocaldata§ Identifylocalconditions§Selectpolicyresponse(s)§Draftpolicylanguage

Step2:EngageEnforcement

Baltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty++ PrincessAnne+++

Supportfromuppercommand,Commissioner’stopadvisorssupportive

Providedtestimonyatpublichearing

Support fromlowercommand,Chiefwasnotsupportive

Helpeddesignpolicy,encouragingcommunityserviceinadditiontofines

Support fromuppercommand,Chiefwassupportive

Providedtestimonyatpublichearing

Step3:CompileRelevantData

Compileappropriatedatato:§ Substantiateanddefinethelocalconditionsanditsconsequencesinthecommunity

§ Establishanevidencebasefortheproposedpolicysolution

§ Usingbothquantitative andqualitative data

Step3:CompilingDataBaltimore City++ BaltimoreCounty+++ PrincessAnne+

Qualitative data- Quotesfromneighbors- Pictures

Quantitativedata- Dataprovidedbycity

universities,includingneighborhoodcallsforservice

- Consumptiondata

Qualitative data- Quotesfromneighbors,law

enforcement- Pictures

Quantitativedata- Policecallsforservicefrom

enforcement- Neighborhood complaint,

alcoholtransportsandconsumptiondataformuniversity

Qualitative data- Pictures

Quantitativedata- Policecallsforserviceform

enforcement- Consumptiondataforcollege

byuniversity

ExcessiveDrinking&Consequences

NuisancesandNoise

High-riskdrinkingHotspots

73.2% 60.3%

0%15%30%45%60%75%90%

Studentsunder21 Students21to25

Percen

tofS

tude

nts

Percentageofpast-monthdrinkerswhodrankatleastonceinthepastmonthatanoff-campushouse

party.(MD-CAS)

0.7%0.8%2.9%3.1%3.8%5.8%6.9%7.9%8.3%9.4%13.1%13.9%15.2%

20.3%23.9%

33.6%64.3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

ArrestedforDWI/DUI

Hadsexwithsomeonewithouttheirconsent

Gotintroublewithoff-campuspolice

Physicallyinjuredsomeoneelse

Gotintroublewithcampuspolice

Droveacarorothervehiclewhiledrunk

Gottakenadvantageofsexually

Gotintroublewithresidencehallstafforother…

Damagedproperty

Physicallyinjuredyourself

Droveacarwhenyouhadbeendrinkingalcohol

Gothurtorinjured

Hadunprotectedsex

Rodeinacardrivenbysomeonewhohadbeen…

Performedpoorlyonatest/projectand/ormisseda…

Blackedout(forgotwhereyouwereorwhatyoudid)

Hadahangover

Percentofstudents

Alcohol-related Consequences

Step4:MakingYourCase

CreateanIssueBriefthat:• Describestheproblemanditsimpactonthecommunity

• Identifycoststocommunityifproblemisnotresolved

• Explainhowtheproposedpolicyaddressescommunityconcerns

• Identifieswaysforcommunitymemberstogetinvolved

Step5:PolicyLanguage

Draftpolicylanguage§ Researchsimilarpolicyexamplesfromother

communities§ Tietolocalconditions§ Clarifylegalbasis§ Compilesupportingdocuments(caselaw,etc..)§ Controlthelanguage§ WorkwiththeCityAttorney/CountyCounsel

Step5:PolicyLanguageBaltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty+++ PrincessAnne+++

- Providedmodellanguage

- CitybilldrafterinsertedintoBaltimoreCitycode

- ProvidedmodellanguagetolegalpublichealthexpertwhointegratedintoBaltimoreCountycode

- Countybilldrafterdidfinaltouches,amendments

- Provided modellanguagetolegalpublichealthexpertwhointegratedintoPrincessAnne’scode

- TownAttorneydidfinaltouches,amendments

Step6:WorkwithMedia

• FramingforContent• Messagingandcorevalues

• Accountabilityforstudentsandpropertyowner,

• Safetyofstudents• Protectionoftaxpayers

• FramingforAccess• Op-eds,letterstoeditor,newsreleases,

newsconferences

Step6:WorkwithMedia

Baltimore City+ BaltimoreCounty+++ PrincessAnne++

- Oneprintnewsstory - Twoprintstories- Oneeditorial- TwoTVstories

- Four printnewsstories

Step7:CommunityOrganizing

Communityorganizinginvolvesa“topdown”and“bottomup”approachthatincludes:

• Engagingpolicymakersand“influencers”usingaPowerAnalysis

• Mobilizing“grasstops”support&providingcommunityeducation

PowerAnalysis

Who are the most important

individuals?

Who must you talk with before you

approach the him/her?

How do you influence them if they are elected officials?

What is the self-interest of each?

Who will approach this person?

AssesstheIndividualsWhoCanGiveYouWhatYouWant

Whohasthepowertoadoptyourpolicy?

Step7:CommunityOrganizingBaltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty++ PrincessAnne++

- Top-downapproach- Universitysupport- Neighborhood

support- BCPDsupport- Cityadministration

supportive

- Bottom-upapproach- Strongneighborhood

support,ledorganizing

- Universityneutral- County

administrationopposing

- BCPDneutral

- Top-down approach- University staffled

organizingtobringpolicysolutiontocityleadership

- Cityleadership,policecarriedit

- Minimalcommunitysupport

- Universityambivalent

• Collaborativememberspreparepresentationtodecisionmakers

• Usethetalkingpointsand“frame”developedintheissuebriefandusedinthemediaadvocacy

• Knowwhichdecisionmakerssupportoropposeyourpolicybeforemakingpresentation

Step8:GetthePolicyAdopted

Step8:PolicyAdoptionBaltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty++ PrincessAnne++

- PassedJune2015- 2yearstoadopt

- Legislation- $500for1st offense,

$1000for2nd andsub- 12-monthlookback

periodforenhancement

- Holdshostandlandlordsaccountable

- Cangivewarning,butdon’thaveto

- Affirmativedefense

- PassedJanuary2016- 3yearstoadopt- 2introductions(8/15,12/15)

- Legislation- $500for1st offense,$1,000for2nd

andsuboffense- 24-monthlookbackperiod- Tiedtorentalpermit- Holdshostandlandlords

accountable- Mustgivewarningfirsttohostand

landlord- Affirmativedefense- Onlyin2geographicareasby

universities,onlyfor6-unitdwellingsorfewer,2-yearpilotprogram,

- PassedApril2016- 3yearstoadopt

- Legislation- $500for1st offense,

$1000for2nd andsub- 12-monthlookback

periodforenhancement- Holdshostandlandlords

accountable- Cangivewarning,but

don’thaveto- Affirmativedefense

*loseifyouhave3ormoreoffensesin12months

Step9:EnsurePolicyEnforcement

§ Analyze potentialbarrierstoenforcementafterpolicyispassed

§ Collaborate withlawenforcementtodeveloppotentialsolutionstobarriersinordertoensurethatthepolicywillbeimplementedandenforcedafterpassage

§ Determine waystobolsterenforcementeffortswithCollaborativeandcommunitysupport

Step9:EnsurePolicyAdoptionBaltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty+++ PrincessAnne+++

- Engagedenforcementearly,investedtoenforce

- Multiplemeetingswithenforcementtodiscussimplementationstrategy

- Trackingappealsthroughcourts

- Engagedenforcementearly,investedtoenforce

- Heldmeetingswithprecinctcaptainstodiscussimplementation

- Createdspreadsheettohelptrackcases

- Reportquarterly

- Engagedenforcementearly,investedtoenforce

- Meetingsneedtobeheldtodiscusstrackingcases- Justwentinto

effectrecently

Step10:Evaluation

§ Evaluatecampaigneffectiveness§ Passageofpolicy§ Implementation&enforcementofpolicy§ Collaborativecohesiveness&momentumforfuturepolicywork

§ Changeinnorms&communitydiscussionaboutalcohol-relatedproblems

§ Foundationbuiltforadditionalalcoholpolicies

Step10:EvaluationBaltimore City+++ BaltimoreCounty PrincessAnne

40citationsissuedfirst7months

24%reductionincallsforservice

Anecdotalevidencefromcommunitymembers

TBD

Mustproveeffectivetokeepordinance

TBD

LessonsLearned• Dataarekey,butonlyfootinthedoor• Musthavecommunitysupport,multiplestakeholders• University,parents,schools,lawenforcement,churches,neighborhoodassociations,etc.

• Alliesandoppositionchange• Relationships,relationships,relationships• Luck=Preparation+opportunity

• Flexibleandcreative• Lastmanstanding

Barriers• Accesstolegalexpertiseandtechnicaladvisor• Policyadoptionexperience• Relationshipswithcommunity,enforcement,etc.• Politicalwill• City/Countyleadership,enforcement,etc.

• Powerfulinterests• Landlords,propertyowners

ElPasoSHO

Thankyou!

www.marylandcollaborative.org