the meaning of communication communicationcommunication –is the process of transmitting...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
The Meaning of Communication
• Communication
– Is the process of transmitting information from one person to another.
• Effective Communication
– Is the process of sending a message in such a way that the message as received is understood as close in meaning as possible to its intended meaning as sent.
7–2
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
The Role of Communication in Management
Communication Roles
INTERPERSONALFigurehead
Leader
LiaisonINFORMATIONAL
DECISIONAL
Spokesperson
Monitor
Disseminator
Entrepreneur
Disturbance-handler
Negotiator
7–3
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Interpersonal Communication
• Oral Communication• Face-to-face conversations, group discussions, telephone
calls, and other situations in which the spoken work is used to express meaning.
• Advantages Promotes prompt feedback
and interchange in the form of verbal questions and responses.
Is easy to use and can be done with little preparation.
• Disadvantages Suffers from problems
with inaccuracy in meaning and details.
Leaves no time for thought and consideration and no permanent record of what was said.
7–4
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Interpersonal Communication (cont’d)
• Written Communication– Memos, letters, reports, notes, and other methods in
which the written word is used to transmit meaning.– Advantages
• Is accurate and leaves a permanent record of the exchange.
• Leaves for thought and consideration, can be referenced.
• Is easy to use and can be done with little preparation.
– Disadvantages• Inhibits feedback and interchange due to burden of
the process of preparing a physical document.
• Considerable delay can occur in clarifying message meanings.
7–5
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Communication in Networks and Work Teams
• Communication Network
– The pattern through which the members of a group or team communicate.
– Research suggests:
• When the group’s task is simple and routine, centralized networks perform with the greatest efficiency and accuracy.
• When the group’s task is complex and nonroutine, decentralized networks with open communications that foster interaction and exchange of relevant information tend to be most effective.
7–6
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Organizational Communication
• Formal Communications
– Follow the official reporting relationships between managers and subordinates and/or prescribed channels.
– May involve several levels of the organization.
• Communication Pathways
– Upward communication
– Downward communication
– Horizontal communication
7–7
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Electronic Communication
• Formal Information Systems
– Are typically the responsibility of the Chief Information Offices (CIO)
• Personal Information Technology
– Corporate intranets, teleconferences, e-mail, smart phones, and instant messaging
– Disadvantages:
• Separation of work and personal life, lack of personal relationships, falling behind professionally, and losing out in office politics.
• Threat of dysfunctional employee communication behaviors
7–8
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Communication in Organizations
• Informal Communications– May or may not follow official reporting relationships
and/or prescribed organizational channels
– May have nothing to do with official organizational business.
• Common Forms of Informal Communications– The grapevine
– Management by wandering around
– Nonverbal communication
7–9
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Informal Personal Communications
• Nonverbal Communication
– Any communication exchange that does not use words, or uses words to carry more meaning than the strict definition of the words themselves.
• Facial expression
• Inflection and tone of voice
– Only a small portion of the message content is due to the words in the message.
Facialexpression55%
Inflectionand tone38%
Words in the message
7%
7–10
© 2014 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Informal Personal Communications (cont’d)
Settings Body LanguageImages
Kinds of NonverbalCommunications
7–11