The Middle Ages(476-1300)

What is so different about Europe?

Do Now: Review ~ Post-4761. What happened to Western

Europe after the “fall of Rome?”

2. What happened to the eastern portion of the Roman Empire?

3. What was going on in the Middle East shortly after Rome fell?

Post–“Fall of Rome” (476 A.D.)

1. W. Europe is isolated; “Dark Ages” begin– Germanic invasions: divided into small

Christian kingdoms (400-700)– No centralized government

2. Byzantine Empire: – Eastern Orthodox Christianity– Age of Justinian; Golden Age

3. Islam emerges (Arabia, 7th C)– New religion & empire; Golden Age– Armies in Africa, Europe & Asia

Task:

• You are living in Western Europe after 476 A.D., how would you

find protection?• How would you find safety/order

when no government exists?Create a list of ideas.

1. Why did the man visit the Godfather?

2. What was the result of their visit?

In order to attain order in Europe post-fall of Rome (476) FEUDALISM developed.

A political/social system where land is exchanged for loyalty. “And we will

provide you with support and soldiers”

“I will give you land (manor) to

rule and govern”

Feudalism:

SERFS

LORDS/Nobles

2. Why was this system

created?

L

A

N

D

L

O

Y

A

L

T

Y

Do Now:

1. Explain this system?

Task:• You are living in Western Europe after

476 A.D., what would you look for in a ruler? (characteristics, traits, qualities, beliefs)

– What advice would you give him/her about the state [condition] of Western & Eastern Europe?

– What changes would you want him/her to pursue? Why?

• Need for security and stability!

• No centralized government (post-fall of Rome!)

• European Invasions!

Why was feudalism brought to Western

Europe?

What ideal is the cartoon portraying?

CHIVALRY!

1. Controls Spiritual life– Decides who gets sacraments (controls salvation)– Refusal to obey Church law punished by excommunication

• Banned from the Church– Cannot obtain sacracments, cannot obtain salvation

– Penalty of interdict: faced by nobles; exclusion of an entire town from receiving sacraments!

-Leaders give into Church pressure!

2. Controls Secular life– Pope (head of RCC) has power over secular rulers

• Added order & stability to Europe– Tithe: tax (1/10th of income); required ALL Christians to

pay– Religion linked to social life; church becomes social center

• Cathedral schools, lead to universities

Why did the Church have so much power?

Evidence of ____________Power:

Medieval ________________Romanesque (early

ma)Gothic (late

ma)

St. Filibert, France 10th Century

German Cathedral (8th – 11th)

Romanesque Floor PlanRomanesque Floor Plan

CA

TH

ED

RA

L A

T R

EIM

SGO

TH

IC C

ATH

ED

RA

LS

5th C – 12th C

“Flying Buttress”

“FLYING BUTTRESSES”

St. Etienne, Bourges, 12th Century

Do Now: Why was the Church so powerful during the MA?

Roman Catholic Church & PersecutionANTISEMITISM:

Prejudice against Jews

• How were the Jews persecuted?

• Why were they persecuted?

Reflection:

1. How and Why were the Jews persecuted?

2. What is your reaction to this persecution? Explain.

The Age of Charlemagne (768-814) “Charles the Great”

• Western Europe enjoys period of Christian unity

• Successful conqueror• Pope proclaims

Charlemagne ‘emperor’ (800)– Widens the divide

between Eastern & Western Europe

– Vikings destroy unity of Charlemagne’s empire

– Scandinavian: Norway, Sweden, Denmark

– Warriors, traders, explorers

European Invasions:

Do Now:

1. Western Europe2. Middle East3. Eastern Europe

During the early Middle Ages, what do you think

relationships were like between these THREE parts of the world? How do you

know?

Do Now: How can government

convince people to join the army?

Task:• Your task is to create a propaganda

poster that aims to recruit soldiers to join the Crusades.

– Ideas MUST pertain to Pope Urban’s speech

– Your poster MUST be set in the Middle Ages• The information must focus on the

values of Medieval Europe.• Your grade is based on the following:

1. Effectiveness/Allure – 3 pointsa. Includes HEADLINE & IMAGE

2. Accuracy – 2 points (of historical information)

THE CRUSADESa series of wars fought between the Christian and Muslim world for the

“holy land”

“Deus lo volt!” – God wills it!

The First Crusade• Council of Clermont

(1095) – Pope Urban II calls for a crusade to free “Holy Land” from Turk invaders.

• Christians capture Jerusalem (1099)

• Massacre Muslim/Jewish residents.

• More crusades launched• Muslims are victorious

Do Now:Questions:1. What was the goal of the

Crusades?2. Who was Pope Urban?3. Why would people want to fight

in the Crusades?4. Who fought in the Crusades?

Do Now:

Questions:

1.Who won the Crusades? Why?

2. How was Europe affected by the Crusades?

Saladin• Muslim leader

• Conquers Jerusalem in 1187

• By 1291, Muslims conquer last Christian territory (entire Holy Land)

• Massacre Christians

Map of the Crusades

“The Greatest Failure in History”

1. Cultural Diffusion: Euro contact Eastern cultures

- Muslim/Byzantine goods & ideas2. Revival of learning

– Greek/Roman (Byzantines) & Muslim advances 3. Increased demand led to increased trade

New marketsNew wealth

Rise of a middle class (bourgeoisie) Growth of new cities

Impact of the Crusades

High Middle Ages: The Black Death 1. Who: (was affected)

2. What: (happened)

3. Where: (did this happen)

4. When: (did this happen)

5. Why: (did this happen)

6. How: (did this happen)

The High Middle Ages: How did life change?

(use Guided Reading to help)1. Agricultural production/Population

increase 2. Rise of trade

- wealth, new goods3. Rise of cities4. Rise of a business economy5. Rise of a middle class

- Decline of feudalism- Power of Kings increase (centralize)

6. Rise of Guilds

The High Middle Ages: How did life change?

7. Criticisms against the church

a. Wealth•Leads to future problems

b. Worldly: devotion to family over Church duties

•SOLUTION: marriage outlawed for priestsc. Simony & Corruption: selling of Church

positions– SOLUTIONS: outlawed simony; Church ONLY

chooses Church officials (not kings/nobles)

Church v. StateFrance, 13/14th Century

• Sequence of Events:– Philip IV: taxes French clergy

– Pope Boniface IV: forbids Philip to tax without papal consent

• Punishment: excommunication

– Philip IV: threatens to arrest clergy that refuses to pay; sends troops to seize Boniface

• French elect Pope

• Papacy moved to France (from Rome) – – Babylonian Captivity – lasts for 70 years)

• (14th century) Rome responds by electing their own pope! Two popes?

Why did Philip move the papacy?How did this decision affect the pope’s

power?

Homework: Create a list of reasons explaining why the period of the Middle Ages may be considered the “best” and

“worst” of times! (2 lists total!)

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times”

“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: School

Teacher Student pencil

smartboard notes suspension

laughing cutting study

“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Early Middle Ages

“Dark Ages” Manorialism Feudalism

Charlemagne Roman Catholic Church

Chivalry Fief

tithe

“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Early Middle Ages

476 Vikings

invasions Gothic Byzantine Empire

excommunication salvation

Battle of Tours Islamic

Empire

“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Early Middle Ages

Loyalty serfs

interdict Inquisition Roman Catholic

Church Chivalry Anti-

Semitism tithe

Eastern Orthodox

“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Crusades

Jerusalem Pope Urban

Turks Muslims

Saladin “Greatest

Failure” Trade Cities Cultural Diffusion

“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: High (Late) Middle Ages

Middle Class opportunity

Babylonian Captivity Centralized

Government simony

Bubonic Plague Education commerce worldly

“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Anything Middle Ages

Loyalty serfs

interdict Inquisition Chivalry

manorialism Anti-Semitism Black

Death Eastern Orthodox

“Talk A Mile a Minute”Topic: Anything Middle Ages

knight manor Roman Catholic

usury Chivalry

Crusades Anti-Semitism

Babylonian Captivity

heresy