the middle ages
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The Middle Ages. ~450 AD- ~1400 AD. Decay of Roman empire. Invasions end Roman protection of empire Advances slow and people begin to forget the Roman’s advances Literally, people lived right next to a Roman aqueduct, but had no idea how to make it. Decline of Western Europe. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The Middle Ages~450 AD- ~1400 ADDecay of Roman empireInvasions end Roman protection of empireAdvances slow and people begin to forget the Romans advancesLiterally, people lived right next to a Roman aqueduct, but had no idea how to make it
Decline of Western EuropeBreakdown of trade: money became scarce. Cities abandoned no longer center of economy or administrationPopulation became rural.Decline of literacy priests were the few that were literate.Languages slowly changed from Latin (Romance languages)
The FranksAfter the decline of the Roman Empire small kingdoms sprang up all over Europe. The largest and the strongest was controlled by the Franks Lead by Clovis first Christian king Area that is now France Greatest king was Charlemagne most powerful king in Western Europe encouraged learning
Characteristics of the Middle AgesLack of a strong central governmentChurch is powerfulKing less powerfulEurope divided into thousands of small feudal kingdoms
More CharacteristicsRural Education decreasesLess tradeBarter systemLiving conditions harshLaws based on customs
FeudalismFeudalism becomes the dominant political system. At its head is a king. The king trades land to a lower noble for loyalty.Fief:
Vassal:
Manor:
Serf (or peasant):
Feudalism
Based on mutual obligationMilitary protectionProvide knights in times of warserviceFiefs land grantsFiefs land grants protectionDrawbacks of Feudalism Nobles constantly fought each other Defend estates Seize new territories Increase wealth Kept Europe fragmented Glorification of warriors
Manorial SystemEconomic system of the Middle AgesManor self sufficient farming communitiesLittle trade between manorsTypical had 200-300 peopleHeart of the manor was the manor house / castle
Way back when, were basically Roman villas
As time went on, those became the manorsThey added protective walls for defense
And over hundreds of years, ended up like the castles we think of today
InvasionsEurope continues to suffer invasionsFurther disrupts tradeThe need for protection strengthens feudal system
Angles & SaxonsLived in Denmark and Germany- invaded/immigrated to England between 500- 700 ADThe modern name England or English comes from Angle Anglo- is also a root word What is an Anglophone?Also, the French word anglais (English)Some people think the word Yankee comes from a corruption of the pronunciation langlaisVikingsPeople from Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark)Due to rising populations in those countries, Vikings sought places to expand- so they started sailing to Western Europe and furtherIn the process, became famous for raiding towns and monasteries throughout Western EuropeVikings Settle By the 900s AD, the Vikings (also called Northman, Norseman, and Norse) are beginning to settle in parts of Russia, France, Ireland, and EnglandIn fact, modern day Normandy in France takes its name after the NorthmanMagyarsNomadic people from central Europe Modern day HungaryRaided villages and monasteries throughout Germany, Italy, and France often selling people into slaveryChivalry Chivalry a complex set of ideals, demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of three masters His feudal lordHis Heavenly LordHis Lady Meant to protect the weak and the poor Be loyal, brave, and courteous
To become a KnightSons of nobles began training at an early age for knighthood Page at 7 they were sent to another lord to be trained Squire at 14 they act as a servant to a knight Knight- at 21 they become a knight and gain experience in local wars and tournaments
TournamentsTournaments mock battles that combined recreation and combat trainingFierce and bloody competitions
The ChurchBeginning with Clovis and cemented by Charlemagne was an alliance between the Catholic Church and the secular (worldly, not religious/spiritual) rulers like kings.Papal BullsPapal bull is a written order by the PopeUsed by the Church to justify actions like going to warAlso used to control kings in Europe
Canon LawSet of church laws that govern religious practices.
ExcommunicationExcommunication means you get thrown out of the church. For kings, it can also mean vassals no longer owe loyalty.
InterdictEven stronger than Excommunication is interdict, which means the Church will not perform the Sacraments (baptism, marriage, last rites, etc.) in the Kings land Catholics believe this means you would go to Hell
Papal PowerIf the Pope wanted to control a King, he would threaten to excommunicate him or even his whole kingdom. This usually forced the King to do what the Pope wanted him to do.In this way, the Church controlled many of Europes kingsThe Catholic Clergy (priests, leaders of a religion):The Good ChurchPreserver of learningArt Shelter for poorChurch offered salvation through the sacraments
The Bad ChurchAmassed wealthOwned landSome where dishonestPolitical involvementCorruption
MonasticismMonasteries + Monks Monasticism:St. Benedict Founds Benedictine Monasteries. Monks swore to poverty, celibacy, obedienceCopied books including Bible- preserved writingmonks became missionaries to the barbarians, like the Germanic peoples.
Features of Romanesque Architecture
Rounded Arches
Barrel Vaults
Small windows, usually at top of walls
Generally dark
Time for another installment of Hey thats Romanesque ArchitectureRaise your hand. Tell me if its Romanesque, Islamic, or Classical (Greek/Roman)
Classical- Triumphal Arch
Islamic
Romanesque
Islamic
Romanesque
Classical- Ampitheater
Islamic
Romanesque
Classical
Classical
Romanesque (The Church on Left)