The Middle AgesThe Middle AgesWestern EuropeWestern Europe

The Roman Catholic The Roman Catholic ChurchChurch

The ChurchThe Church

Controlled:Controlled: spiritual life of Christiansspiritual life of Christians secularsecular life of citizenslife of citizens

Taught:Taught: Canon law (church law) & pope Canon law (church law) & pope

must be obeyed at all times!must be obeyed at all times!

PUNISHMENTS:PUNISHMENTS:

ExcommunicationExcommunication (individuals)(individuals)•Ø Ø Christian burialChristian burial

•Ø Ø communioncommunion

Interdict Interdict (entire kingdoms)(entire kingdoms)•Ø Ø Christian burialChristian burial

•Ø Ø communioncommunion

ResultsResults

No chance for No chance for HeavenHeaven

Eternity in HellEternity in Hell

MonarchiesMonarchies

MonarchiesMonarchies

William the Conqueror (1066)William the Conqueror (1066)– Taxation SystemTaxation System– TreasuryTreasury

Henry II (1154)Henry II (1154)– Common law (based on custom)Common law (based on custom)– Jury system (forerunner of today’sJury system (forerunner of today’s Grand Jury)Grand Jury)

MonarchiesMonarchies

King John (Henry’s son)King John (Henry’s son)

– Abused his powerAbused his power

– Required to sign theRequired to sign the Magna Magna CartaCarta (“Great(“Great Charter”)Charter”)

Magna CartaMagna Carta Required king to Required king to obey the lawobey the law

Established “due process”= Established “due process”= Ø arrest Ø arrest without proper legal procedureswithout proper legal procedures

Habeas corpus=Habeas corpus=protection from protection from imprisonment without being charged imprisonment without being charged with a crimewith a crime

Established Established Parliament=English Parliament=English legislaturelegislature

MonarchiesMonarchies

Louis IX: Louis IX: King of France (1266)King of France (1266)

– Outlawed private warsOutlawed private wars– Ended serfdomEnded serfdom

– Expanded French kingdomExpanded French kingdom– Persecuted heretics & JewsPersecuted heretics & Jews

– Led crusades against MuslimsLed crusades against Muslims

Jews in EuropeJews in Europe

Jewish communities Jewish communities

existed all over Europeexisted all over Europe

Jews in Middle Ages…Jews in Middle Ages…

By late 1000s, By late 1000s, prejudice against prejudice against them increased…them increased…persecutedpersecuted

Church wouldn’t Church wouldn’t allow Jews to own allow Jews to own land orland or

have certain jobshave certain jobs

Muslims & the Muslims & the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

Muslims & the Muslims & the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

Turkish-speaking nomadsTurkish-speaking nomads

Expanded into Asia Minor & the Expanded into Asia Minor & the Balkan Peninsula.Balkan Peninsula.

NOT Arabs, but Turks.NOT Arabs, but Turks.

MuslimsMuslims

Muslims & the Muslims & the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

1453, captured 1453, captured ConstantinopleConstantinople

Renamed it Istanbul—became Renamed it Istanbul—became their capital.their capital.

Muslims & the Muslims & the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

1520-1566: 1520-1566:

Ottoman’s Ottoman’s “Golden “Golden

Age” Age”

under Emperor under Emperor

Suleiman.Suleiman.

Suleiman:Suleiman:

Had absolute powerHad absolute power Expanded the empire into Expanded the empire into

Asia, Africa, and EuropeAsia, Africa, and Europe Based the Ottoman justice Based the Ottoman justice

system on the Sharia—Muslim system on the Sharia—Muslim lawlaw

Ottoman Empire…Ottoman Empire…

Top 2 social classes:Top 2 social classes:– Military menMilitary men– Intellectuals such as lawyers and Intellectuals such as lawyers and

scientistsscientists Used the Jewish community’s Used the Jewish community’s

international banking connectioninternational banking connection Captured young Captured young Christian boysChristian boys & &

made them made them convertsconverts. Trained . Trained them as them as JanissariesJanissaries to serve in to serve in the military.the military.

Ottoman culture:Ottoman culture:

Great paintersGreat painters

PoetsPoets

ArchitectsArchitects

Muslims & the Ottoman Empire: Muslims & the Ottoman Empire: Why is it significant?Why is it significant?

Located at the crossroads of the known world Located at the crossroads of the known world

↓↓

Blocked the path of Europeans trying to get to Blocked the path of Europeans trying to get to

Asia to trade. Asia to trade. ↓↓ Prompted Europeans to search for another route Prompted Europeans to search for another route

to Asia to Asia ↓↓

Sea exploration ensued Sea exploration ensued ↓↓ Columbus discovers AmericaColumbus discovers America

The CrusadesThe Crusades

The Crusades…The Crusades…

Series of wars: 1099-1202Series of wars: 1099-1202 Christians v. MuslimsChristians v. Muslims

GOAL:GOAL: Free the Holy Land of Free the Holy Land of MuslimsMuslims

Effects ofEffects of The The Crusades…Crusades…

Only 1Only 1stst crusades was crusades was successful for Christianssuccessful for Christians

Massive losses on both sidesMassive losses on both sides Death & DestructionDeath & Destruction Opened a wider world to Opened a wider world to

Europeans by introducing them Europeans by introducing them to new placesto new places

Increased the pace of change.Increased the pace of change.

The Reconquista & The Reconquista & InquistionInquistion

The Reconquista & The Reconquista & InquistionInquistion

ReconquistaReconquista (1100 A.D.)=(1100 A.D.)=Christian Christian

campaign to drive the campaign to drive the Muslims out of Spain.Muslims out of Spain.

The Spanish The Spanish InquisitionInquisition

1469: Isabella & Ferdinand1469: Isabella & Ferdinand

Brutal campaign to against Muslims & Brutal campaign to against Muslims & Jews.Jews.

Those found guilty of heresy were Those found guilty of heresy were burned at stake.burned at stake.

Over 150,000 people, mostly Over 150,000 people, mostly Muslims & Jews, fled, taking their Muslims & Jews, fled, taking their skills and knowledge with them.skills and knowledge with them.

The Black DeathThe Black Death

100 Years War100 Years War

100 Years War: 100 Years War: 1377-14531377-1453

France vs. BritainFrance vs. Britain

Wanted control of lands in Wanted control of lands in France that had once France that had once belonged to England, the belonged to England, the English Channel & regional English Channel & regional trade.trade.

New technology: New technology: LongbowLongbow

Helped England to win Helped England to win early victories.early victories.

Joan of Arc: MartyrJoan of Arc: Martyr

17 years-old17 years-old Claimed that God spoke directly Claimed that God spoke directly

to her.to her. Considered a heretic by Church in Considered a heretic by Church in

EnglandEngland

Joan of Arc: MartyrJoan of Arc: Martyr

Burned at the stake for her beliefsBurned at the stake for her beliefs

Her sacrifice rallied the French Her sacrifice rallied the French who then won the war.who then won the war.